Walthers Cornerstone Series Manuals

Thanks for purchasing this Cornerstone Series® Kit. Please take a few minutes to read these instructions and study the draw- ings before starting construction. All parts are made of styrene, so use compatible paint and glue to finish your model. For thousands of years, natural obstacles such as rivers and val- leys prevented humans from trav- eling easily. In ancient times, we used natural bridges or created our own from fallen logs, piles of stones, or by twisting natural materials together. These three starting points were the founda- tion for the beam, arch and sus- pension bridges of today. Over time, the art and science of bridge building continued to evolve. With the rise of the Roman Empire and its extensive road system, bridge building took on a new importance across Europe. During this time, engi- neers made significant advances including the development of the masonry arch and the use of natu- ral cement. During medieval times, bridges were often con- structed by religious orders, often incorporating shops and fortifica- tions in their designs. By the Renaissance, advances in mathe- matics led to improved truss and arch designs, and a better under- standing of the workings of pil- ings and supports. In this period, bridges were designed with more attention to how they fit the ideal of a city scene, with more atten- tion to visual and artistic details. While iron had been used in a very limited way since ancient times, it became available in large quantities for the first during the late 18th century. Engineers had a new and durable material with which to work, and iron bridges began to appear. With its increased load-bearing ability, iron was also adapted to the heavier bridges required by the new rail- roads. But iron had its limita- tions and by the late 19th century, steel was taking over as the material of choice, especially for railroad bridges that had to sup- port heavier trains. At the same time, advances in concrete and cement technology made it increasingly popular as a building material for both founda- tions and bridges. Engineers soon found that pouring concrete over a skeleton of iron screen, rods or bars increased the strength of the finished design and allowed for a variety of shapes and forms. On a larger scale, this “reinforced con- crete” became increasingly com- mon as a material for new bridges. As America began shifting from horses to horsepower, a new gen- eration of highway bridges appeared. Increasing volumes of trucks and automobiles presented problems for bridges built to carry horses and carriages in cities, as major routes became increasingly congested. And as the highway system expanded into rural areas, older wooden bridges had to be replaced. During the 1920s and 30s, many of these older bridges were replaced as state and federal projects. These combined ancient ideas such as the arch with mod- ern technology to produce durable, attractive structures. Many of these bridges remained in use for decades, until outdated by newer safety standards, increasing volumes of traffic and old age. On less traveled routes, some survive today. ON YOUR LAYOUT Perfect for any highway from the 1920s to the present, this single arched, concrete bridge is typical of those built all over America. Handling traffic above and below, bridges like this were often con- structed in areas where existing intersections were creating bottle- necks and safety hazards. Both the deck and the lower level are designed for use with any of Walthers Cornerstone Series Street Systems components, which are available to model brick, concrete or asphalt streets to fit a wide range of modeling eras. You can also set the time and place of your street scene quickly and easily with the many styles of Cornerstone Series Built-Ups Street Lamps (#933-1080 and #933-1090 series). HO Scale Kit ARCHED ROAD BRIDGE 933-3196 For additional figures, vehicle and accessories to set the scene, see your dealer, check out the lastest Walthers HO Scale Model Railroad Reference book or visit our Web site at waltherscornerstone.com for more ideas. © 2012 Wm. K. Walthers, Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53218 waltherscornerstone.com I-933-3196

MODERN 130' TURNTABLE HO Scale Structure Built-up 933-2829 Thanks for purchasing this Cornerstone Series® Built-up. HISTORY OF THE TURNTABLE Although we associate turntables with steam locos, they’re still used in some engine terminals. Requiring less space than a wye or loop, they’re an econom- ical way to reverse locos or cars. A turntable is basically a large bridge equipped with rails that can revolve in a full circle. Around the turntable, a series of radial tracks (other nicknames were also used) run into roundhouse stalls, open-air storage or service tracks. So that all rails were at the same height, the turntable was con- structed in a large circular opening, called a pit. Early pits were made of earth or stone, while modern designs used concrete. The basic concept of the turntable evolved before the railroad, when crude examples were used to reverse coal carts in mines. From the earliest days, steam locos (as well as special- ized equipment like snowplows and observation cars) were built to operate in one direction, and had to be turned around for their return trip. By 1842, a device we would recognize as a rail- road turntable was in regular use in England. Over the next century, the turntable became a fixture of railroad- ing around the world. In America, three basic types devel- oped. The first was the center-balance, with a central pivot point and wheels under each end of the bridge to support the weight, but bigger and heavier locos put too much strain on these early turntables. The next was the Articulated Design, with a central ver- tical hinge, which allowed the table to tip in the direction of the greatest weight. The final type (still seen today and the prototype for this model) was the Continuous Girder, which supports the weight on a center pivot and on load-bearing wheels under each end. Two styles of turntable bridges became common. These included the Deck Style, with most of the bridge below ground level (requiring a deep pit) and the Through Type, where a portion of the bridge was above ground. In order to swing the table end for end a source of power was needed. In the early days, men pushed the tables, and they came to be called “armstrongs,” as it took strong arms to do the job! In later years steam and gasoline engines were used to drive one set of the load- bearing wheels, but electric motors were found to be the best choice for most applications. Electricity was sup- plied to most tables by an arch over the center, connected to overhead power lines. In most terminals, the turntable and roundhouse were in constant use. For easier and safer operation, turntables had a small operator’s cabin at one end of the bridge. This housed controls and placed the operator in the best position to align the rails. Many also sported an old engine bell, which was rung to warn that the table was being turned. As was the case with most engine serv- ice facilities, new turntables were built to accommodate the longest engines in service on a division. For this reason, some large engines were restricted to one or two divisions where turntables and facilities were big enough for them. Railroads also went to extremes to uti- lize existing turntables. Some ordered new steam locos with short wheelbases so they would fit, others extended turntable rails, and some resorted to jacking up the end of the tender! With the coming of diesels, the need for turntables began to decline. Although F units still had to be turned, the new roadswitchers and Geeps could be run in either direction. Today, the number of turntables on active duty is declining, but those in use can be found at major shops and engine terminals. A few are also in use at railroad museums. ON YOUR LAYOUT This 130' table is typical of units installed by most roads from the 1920s on at division point terminals, where engines were changed and serviced. It will easily accommodate large articulated steam locos and most diesels up to 18" (45cm) long. As bigger power came into service, big- ger roundhouses were also required. This can easily be modeled with the Modern Roundhouse (933-2900) which includes parts for three complete stalls. It can be expanded up to a full circle with the Modern Roundhouse Add-On Stalls (933-2901) which includes matching roof panels, doors and interior truss work. Your new model will be right at home alongside the Machine Shop (933-2902), Modern Coaling Tower (933-2903), Sanding Tower (933-3182), Steel Water Tank (933- 3043), and Cinder Conveyor and Ash Pit (933-3181) as well. In many bigger cities, the terminal was part of the railroad’s shop complex, which can be modeled with the Backshop (933-3039) and Car Shop (933-3040). For more ideas to detail your scene, ask your dealer, visit walthers.com or see the latest Walthers HO Scale Model Railroad Reference Book. For additional prototype history and information on turntables, see “The Locomotive Merry-Go-Round” by James Alexander Jr. in the July 1995 issue of Trains magazine. Your local library may also have copies of older Railroad Maintenance Cyclopedias, which provided basic information on turntables and other facilities. ©2004 Wm. K. Walthers, Inc. Milwaukee WI, 53218 933-2829 I sheet 12/2/04 10:22AM Page 1

HO Scale Structure Kit ARGOSY BOOKSELLERS # 933-3466 1. Note: There are several detail parts included with this kit. Read and locate all parts and locations prior to assembling the walls. Glue Window, Door Frames and Wall Detail Parts to each Wall as shown. Glue Window Glass in place as shown. Interior windows can be added at this time (refer to printed interior sheet) 76 77 6 60 59 79 83 50 48 54 55 51 56 68 61 53 62 78 64 75 80 82 83 81 84 8 89 8 89 9 92 22 91 14 97 19 96 Note: Attach #76 & 77 prior to part #59 & 60 Thanks for purchasing this Cornerstone Series® kit. Please read all instructions and study the drawings before starting — directions for the interior graphics are printed directly on that sheet. All parts are styrene plastic, so use compatible glue. If you wish to decorate your model, use paints for plastic models. With appropriate details and signs, your finished model fits almost any era. As education became increasingly important in the 19th century, more people learned to read and write, and bookstores became common in larger cities and many towns. The playing field began to change in the late 20th century, with the rise of major chains and the Internet both having a profound impact on how books and magazines were bought and sold. Today, chain bookstores can be found in or near malls in larger cities, stocking books on just about any subject imaginable, while independent shops are often located in revitalized business areas and specialize in used books, first editions, or specific subjects such as history. For more Cornerstone Series® kits as well as additional details to complete your scene, see your hobby shop, check out the latest Walthers HO Model Railroad Reference Book and our Website at walthers.com. 5 70 71 73 73 69 63 65 63 66 65 95 13 20 74 72 90 87 90 86 86 67 10 x10 © 2013 Wm. K. Walthers, Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53218 waltherscornerstone.com I-933-3466