Arbiter Systems 940A Operation & User’s Manual

USER’S MANUAL Arbiter Systems, Inc. Paso Robles, CA 93446 U.S.A. FONKEL MEXICANA Tel: (55) 55 33 61 14 [email protected] www.fonkel.com.mx

biter Systems. Reasonable effort was made to verify that all con- tents were accurate as of the time of publication. Check with Ar- biter Systems at the address below for any revisions made since the original date of publication, found on page v. ii

product manufactured or sold by Arbiter Systems except for the following limited warranty against defects in materials and work- manship on products manufactured by Arbiter Systems. Products manufactured by Arbiter Systems are guaranteed against defective materials and workmanship under normal use and service for one year from the date of delivery. The responsibility of Arbiter Systems under this warranty is limited to repair or replacement, at Arbiter Systems’ option, of any product found to be defective. Arbiter Systems shall have no liability under this warranty unless it receives written notice of any claimed defect, within the earlier of: • Thirty days of discovery by Buyer, or; • One year from the date of delivery. For warranty service or repair, products must be returned to a service facility designated by Arbiter Systems. Buyer shall prepay all shipping charges to Arbiter Systems, and Arbiter Systems shall pay shipping charges, via ground, incurred in returning the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties and taxes for products returned to Buyer in a country other than the United States of America. THE WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN CONSTITUTES THE ONLY WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS OF ARBITER SYSTEMS, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY, BY OPERATION OF LAW, OR OTHERWISE. ARBITER SYSTEMS DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND BUYER EXPRESSLY WAIVES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES. This limited warranty does not extend to any product, which has been subject to: I Improper use or application, abuse, or operation beyond its rated capacity, or contrary to the instructions in the operation and maintenance manuals (if any); II Accident; III Repair or maintenance performed by Buyer, except in accor- dance with the operation and maintenance manuals, if any, and any special instructions of Arbiter Systems; IV Modification without the prior written authorization of Ar- biter Systems (whether by the substitution of non-approved iii

The remedies provided herein are Buyer’s sole and exclusive reme- dies. In no event shall Arbiter Systems be liable for direct, indi- rect, incidental or consequential damages (including loss of profits), whether based on contract, tort, or other legal theory. FOR THE FASTEST POSSIBLE SERVICE, PLEASE PROCEED AS FOLLOWS: 1. Notify Arbiter Systems, Inc., specifying the instrument model number and serial number and giving full details of the dif- ficulty. Service data or instrument-return authorization will be provided upon receipt of this information. 2. If instrument return is authorized, forward prepaid to the manufacturer. If it is determined that the instrument is not covered by this warranty, an estimate will be made before the repair work begins, if requested. See Contact Information on page ii. iv

Model 940A Timing System Analyzer™ User’s Manual Notice & Contact Warranty Contents Features Connecting Timing Signals Setup Screens Viewing Timecodes Specifications 940A Utility Software Appendix A – IRIG-B Information Copyright ©Arbiter Systems Incorporated June 2017 All rights reserved. International copyright secured. PD0054700 Revision A A pdf version of this manual is available for download at www.arbiter.com. To reorder the printed manual contact Arbiter Sales and order Part No. AS0106800. v

1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Input/Output Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 AUX Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Micro USB Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Flashlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Power Supply and Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Battery charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Operating with Power Supply/Charger . . . . . . . . 3 Powering ON or OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Battery Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Model 940A Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Connecting Time Signals 5 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Twisted Pair Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Setup Screens 7 Buttons & Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Home Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Navigating the Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Home Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Gear Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Return Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Pause Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Play Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Slider Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Configuring Input 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Configuring Input 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 vi

10 Configuring the SOURCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 IRIG Source Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Custom Start Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Source IRIG-B Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Setting the DST Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Unmodulated IRIG-B Source Level . . . . . . . . . . 16 Source DC Voltage Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Modulated IRIG-B Source Level . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Source Modulation Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Source 1 PPS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1 PPS Source Output Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 DCF77 Source Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 System Menu Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Manually Setting the RTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Viewing Timecodes 26 DISPLAY Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Waveform Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Unmodulated IRIG-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Modulated IRIG-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Input 1 PPS Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Source 1 PPS Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 DCF77 Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Specifications 35 The 940A Utility 37 Updating Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Firmware Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Driver Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Updating the 940A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 IRIG-B Information 40 vii

1 940A Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Male BNC Breakout with Terminals . . . . . . . . . 6 3 The Home Screen at Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 Input 1 Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Displayed Unmodulated IRIG-B Input . . . . . . . . 10 6 The Source Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 Configuring the IRIG-B Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 Set Custom Time Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9 Configuring the Source IRIG-B Bits . . . . . . . . . 14 10 Setting the DST Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 Configuring the Source Output Level . . . . . . . . . 16 12 Adjust the Source Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 13 Modulated IRIG Source Output Level . . . . . . . . 18 14 Adjust the Source AC Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 15 Adjust the Source AC Modulation Ratio . . . . . . . 19 16 Configuring the 1 PPS Time Source . . . . . . . . . 20 17 Configuring the 1 PPS Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 18 Adjusting the 1 PPS Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 19 Configuring the DCF77 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 20 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 21 Set Real Time Clock Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 22 DISPLAY on the Home Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 23 1 PPS & IRIG-B Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 24 Unmodulated IRIG-B Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 25 Pulse Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 26 Modulated IRIG-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 27 1 PPS Signal Connected to Input 1 . . . . . . . . . . 31 28 1 PPS Signal at Source Connector . . . . . . . . . . 32 29 DCF77 Signal Connected to Input 2 . . . . . . . . . 33 viii

34 31 940A Utility Opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 32 Selecting COM Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 33 940A Utility Reading Serial Number . . . . . . . . . 38 34 940A Firmware Ready to Upload . . . . . . . . . . . 39 35 940A Upload Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 ix

codes in time sensitive instruments. IRIG-B, DCF77 and 1 PPS signals can be received and evaluated to verify correct operation. These signals may also be sourced from the 940A to verify opera- tion of the receiving equipment. Operating on four Li-ion batteries, the 940A can run continually for about 12 hours with about 80 percent backlight brightness, and for about 24 hours at 20 percent brightness. Included in a 940A kit are the following: USB charger/power supply, USB Cable, 8 feet of RG-58 with BNC connectors, quick setup guide, and several cable adapters to match a variety of wire types and connectors. The 940A features two timing input ports, one timing source output port, a mini USB charging port, variable output flashlight, speaker and auxiliary port. Available input signals are unmodulated IRIG-B, modulated IRIG-B, IRIG-B Manchester, 1 Pulse Per Second and DCF77. Three different load conditions are available, which are Load Off, 100 Ohm Load and 50 Ohm Load. Special Features Model 940A is designed to provide both a pictorial view and a description of signals connected to either Input 1 or Input 2. It also provides a method to compare two signals connected to Input 1 and 2. A timing source output is also available to verify devices re- ceiving these signals. Available timing output signals include un- modulated IRIG-B, modulated IRIG-B, 1 Pulse Per Second and DCF-77. 1

vided in the timecode, such as time, date, day or year, time off- set, leap second information and the state of daylight saving time. Other useful information includes jitter error, time difference (In- put 1 - Input 2) and signal amplitude in volts. Additionally, the 940A provides a time domain display much like an oscilloscope. In this mode, each bit of the time code is identified, and may be verified with the specification. Construction Constructed of tough polycarbonate/polyester alloy, the 940A case was designed for durability and easy handling. It has a 5-inch diagonal, color graphic, touch screen display made of tempered, scratch-resistant glass, with self-adjusting brightness controls. A bail assembly is useful for propping up the instrument. Input and output connections are through female BNC connectors. Input/Output Connectors Two female BNC connectors are available for connecting two differ- ent input signals. One female BNC connector is available to source any timing signal selection in the 940A. AUX Port The RJ-45 port is available for further development of features and accessories. Micro USB Port A micro USB port is available for charging the internal Li-Ion bat- teries, powering the 940A and updating firmware. Flashlight An LED flashlight is available near the micro USB port with vari- able brightness control. 2

The Model 940A can operate from the included power sup- ply/charger, or from the internal Li-ion batteries. Internal batteries consist of four 2250 milliampere hour Li-ion cells, which should be able to operate the 940A for up to 18 hours with reduced backlight. Battery charging A micro USB connector is used to connect the included battery charger/power supply to 940A. Depending on the state of charge, charging time should be less than 8 hours, or longer if the batteries are completely depleted. Fully charged, the 940A should operate for up to 24 hours with the display backlight set to 20 percent brightness, and the flash light and the speaker switched off. Operating with Power Supply/Charger With the included power adapter/charger connected, the 940A should operate indefinitely. Powering ON or OFF Press (the ON/OFF button) at the bottom of the front panel to energize and de-energize the 940A. Battery Indication 100% Charged, not connected to charger 52% H Charging High, connected to charger 15% Battery very low, connect to charger! Charging Characteristics While charging, text below the battery symbol indicates the per- centage of charge remaining and a small letter to indicates the charge rate, which depends on the type of charger and USB cable. Three letters indicate the charging rate: L for low (100 mA), M for medium (500 mA) and H for high (1000 mA – with included charger/cable). Both the AC Adapter/Charger and the cable con- tribute to the charging rate. 3

Check the battery status while the unit is turned off and being charged by pressing the ON/OFF button quickly. Model 940A Accessories Part Description Part No. BNC Breakout M to Wires AP0003400 BNC Barrel (F-F) CN0003400 BNC Breakout F to Wires AP0008900* BNC Adapt M to 2 Pos Term. AP0014900* BNC M to 2 Screw Term AP0015000 USB 2.1A Wall Charger AP0015300* Quick Setup Guide PD0055400* 940A Printed Operation Manual AS0106800 USB 2.0A Male to Micro Cable CA0033700* BNC Coax Cable M/M CA0033808* BNC ”T”Conn F-M-F CN0003500* Terminal Block, Plug 2 Pin CN0019202* Case Soft 940A HD0068600* Table 1: 940A Accessories, *Included 4

output signals in the Model 940A. The Model 940A has three standard BNC connectors for con- necting the two inputs and one output, as seen in Figure 1. Coaxial cable and shielded, twisted-pair cable are the most commonly used cable types used with timing equipment. Source (output) USB - charging, firmware update Input 2 Input 1 Flashlight Speaker (under bail assembly) Bail Auxiliary I/O Port Figure 1: 940A Connections and Features The source, BNC connector is seen on the right; the two input BNC connectors are on the left. A micro USB is between the Input 2 and AUX I/O port and a flashlight is located above the micro USB port. Coaxial Cable Input and output timing connectors on the Model 940A are female BNC, which is one of the most common connectors being used on electrical equipment today. Coaxial cables are usually fitted with 5

Twisted Pair Cable To adapt a twisted pair of wires to the female BNC input connector on the Model 940A, use a BNC breakout as pictured in Figure 2. Figure 2: Male BNC Breakout with Terminals Connecting Connect the breakout’s male BNC connector to the 940A, then at- tach the twisted pair of wires to the breakout terminals and tighten the screws. Make sure to observe the polarity marking on the breakout. Do not tin stranded wire with solder. 6

The Home Screen CONFIGURATION DISPLAY INPUT 1 INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 2 SOURCE SOURCE SYSTEM INPUT 1+2 100% Figure 3: The Home Screen at Startup Figure 3 illustrates the Home screen. From the Home screen you can configure Input 1 and 2, the Source (signal output) and System parameters, which include flashlight brightness, speaker volume, display back light, and Real Time Clock (RTC). You only need to touch the screen buttons to make choices. When first powering on the 940A, it should display a startup message, as seen on page i, and then display the home screen, as seen above. 7

With reference to Figure 3, there are two HOME menus – CON- FIGURATION and DISPLAY – with different buttons within each menu. TOUCH ACTIVATED AREAS ARE BLUE The Home Button appears in the bottom left corner of most screens, except of course, the home screen. This symbol is used to return to the home screen from other menus. Gear Button shows up when further configuration is possible, or needed. It only appears when selecting a specific signal, but not if selecting DISABLED. Return Button is normally found in the lower right corner of the display. Touch the return button to go back to the previous menu. Pause Button is used to freeze the display when viewing a timing signal to capture the various bits for longer viewing. Play Button is used to resume showing the active display after pressing the pause button. Slider Bar is used to move along the displayed time code to view other elements not in the current display. 8

Load Off 100 Ohm Load 50 Ohm Load Compensate for 1 Second Delay INPUT 1 CONFIGURATION IRIG-B UNMODULATED IRIG-B MODULATED IRIG-B MANCHESTER 1 PULSE PER SECOND DCF77 DISABLED 100% Figure 4: Input 1 Configuration Screen 1. Press to power on the 940A. 2. Connect the cable from the equipment you want to test to Input 1. 3. In the Home screen CONFIGURATION menu, touch INPUT 1 . 4. In INPUT 1 CONFIGURATION display (see Figure 4) touch the desired signal. For example, IRIG-B UNMODULATED. 5. Touch one of the Load configuration buttons, such as Load Off. 6. Touch the Compensate for 1 Second Delay, if required. Keeps the 940A time in sync with source. 7. Touch when finished. Configuring Input 2 From the Home screen CONFIGURATION menu, touch INPUT 2 . Otherwise, the setup should be the same as for In- put 1 as described above. 9

Continue from the previous page by connecting an unmodulated IRIG-B signal to Input 1. 1. In the Home screen DISPLAY menu, touch INPUT 1 . 2. The input 1 display could look similar to Figure 5. 3. Touch if necessary to change the 940A mode to IRIG-B UNMODULATED. 4. Press to pause (freeze) the active signal in the display. 5. Press to resume displaying the active signal. 6. Press either to zoom in or out in the display. 7. Touch and slide to view other sections of the IRIG-B signal. INPUT 1 IRIG-B UNMODULATED Time: 00:55:46 UTC Date: 01 JUL 2015 DOY: 182 SBS:3346 Time Offset: 0 TQ: Locked CTQ: <100ns LSP: 0 LSD: 0 DSP: 0 DST: 0 PARITY: EVEN Jitter: 0.47 uS, 0.1 RMS In1 - In2 Delta T: ---.- uSecs Amplitude: 4.1 Volts Year(15) Offset(0) TQ(6) 20 40 80 P6 LSP DSP DST SIGN 1 2 4 8 LSD 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 100% H Figure 5: Displayed Unmodulated IRIG-B Input For more information on viewing input signals see page 26 re- garding Viewing Timecodes. 10

Configuring the source is very similar to configuring either Input 1 or Input 2. SOURCE SIGNAL SELECTION IRIG-B UNMODULATED IRIG-B MODULATED 1 PULSE PER SECOND DCF77 DISABLED 100% Figure 6: The Source Configuration Screen 1. In the Home screen CONFIGURATION menu, touch SOURCE . 2. In SOURCE SIGNAL SELECTION menu, touch desired sig- nal – for example, IRIG-B UNMODULATED. 3. Touch to configure other time settings, then touch to return to the SOURCE SIGNAL SELECTION menu. 4. Touch to return to the Home screen. Once selected, the 940A produces the timing signal at source connector. When DISABLED, the 940A will not display the gear symbol. 11

The source signal can come from Input 1, Input 2, or Custom. Custom can generate its own signal. SOURCE IRIG CONFIGURATION Input1 UTC 2005 2011 OFF YEAR ONLY Local Input2 Duplicate Input Custom TIME SOURCE C37.118 APR 28, 2024 16:44:10 LOCAL OFFSET: -8:00 IRIG-B BITS OUTPUT LEVEL 100% H Figure 7: Configuring the IRIG-B Output Use for either modulated or unmodulated IRIG-B. 1. Touch the Input 1, Input 2, or Custom buttons to select the signal source to transmit IRIG-B from the Source BNC connector. 2. Touch the Duplicate Input button if you want to exactly re- produce at the source the signal connected to Input 1 or 2. 3. If wanting to set to a custom time and date, touch Custom, then the Time/Date bar next to it – see page 13 to set the date and time. 4. Select the time zone as UTC or Local. If Local, touch the Local Offset value to adjust. 5. Touch one of the C37.118 values to set up the required stan- dard, turn C37 values OFF, or switch year only ON. 12

SOURCE IRIG CONFIG Custom User Time SET FROM RTC SET TIME CANCEL Month Day Year Hour Minute Second SEP 29 2016 12 34 56 100% H Figure 8: Set Custom Time Screen Figure 8 illustrates the Custom Time window, which provides a method to manually set the source date and time. 1. Touch the up or down arrows for each item of date and time. 2. Touch SET TIME after setting the time and date. 3. Touch SET FROM RTC to set the custom clock from the Real Time Clock. 4. Touch CANCEL to escape from this menu. 13

IRIG-B Bits allows you to manipulate the IRIG bits to test time quality and a time change, such as Leap Seconds and Daylight Saving changes. One of the C37 values (i.e. 2005 or 2011 from Figure 7) must be enabled for this menu to appear. 0 1 CONFIGURE SOURCE IRIG BITS Enable DEC Enable DST Active TQ: CTQ: Add Del Time Quality Values Leap Second Configuration Daylight Saving Configuration APR 28, 2024 16:44:10 Change Over Month: Change Over Time: 100% H Figure 9: Configuring the Source IRIG-B Bits 1. Start from the configuration steps on page 12. 2. Touch IRIG BITS to open the CONFIGURE SOURCE IRIG BITS menu as seen in Figure 9. 3. Make any changes to Time Quality, Leap Seconds and Day- light Saving Time selections. 4. Touch to return to the SOURCE IRIG CONFIGURA- TION menu. NOTE: Changing any of these bits does NOT change the time in the IRIG-B string. It only changes the specific Control Function bits for diagnostic purposes. To change the source time and date: use the Custom button in the IRIG SOURCE CONFIGURATION menu. 14

Manually sets the DST clock for a Daylight Saving Time event. CONFIGURE SOURCE IRIG BITS DST Change Over Time SET FROM RTC SET TIME CANCEL Month Day Year Hour Minute Second MAR 12 2017 2 00 00 100% H Figure 10: Setting the DST Clock 1. Touch the Change Over Time bar as seen at the bottom of Figure 9. 2. From Figure 10, touch either the UP or DOWN arrows for Month, Day, Year, Hour, Minute and Second. 3. When the preferred date and time is selected, touch SET TIME . 4. To set the changeover time from the Real Time Clock, touch SET FROM RTC . 5. To return without applying anything, touch CANCEL . 15

Sets the drive level for the specific timing output source impedance or voltage. SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL HI Drive with 50 Ohm Variable HI Drive (125ma @ 5V) Vdc 5 100% H Figure 11: Configuring the Source Output Level 1. From the SOURCE IRIG CONFIGURATION menu screen, touch OUTPUT LEVEL to open the SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL menu screen. 2. Touch one of the three selection buttons. 3. If selecting Variable, touch the voltage button to open the voltage adjustment screen – see Figure 12. 4. Touch to go back to the SOURCE IRIG CONFIGURA- TION menu. 16

Use this menu to adjust the 940A source output voltage; works with unmodulated IRIG-B and 1 PPS. SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Edit DC Amplitude SAVE CANCEL Volts 5 100% H Figure 12: Adjust the Source Voltage 1. Touch the UP and DOWN arrows to adjust the IRIG-B un- modulated voltage level to your desired level. Voltage range is from 1 to 15 Volts, with 50 ohm source impedance. 2. Touch SAVE to save the selected output voltage. 3. Touch CANCEL to return to the previous screen without changing anything. 17

Sets the modulated IRIG-B peak voltage and the modulation ratio. SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Modulation Ratio: Variable Vpeak 5 10:3 100% H Figure 13: Modulated IRIG Source Output Level 1. From the SOURCE IRIG CONFIGURATION menu screen, touch OUTPUT LEVEL to open the SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL menu screen. 2. Touch Variable button to open the voltage adjustment screen – see Figure 14. Voltage range is 1 to 10 V. Touch the arrows to adjust, then SAVE . SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Edit AC Amplitude SAVE CANCEL Volts 5 100% H Figure 14: Adjust the Source AC Voltage 18

Sets the modulation ratio for modulated IRIG (B12x). SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Edit Modulation Ratio SAVE CANCEL Ratio 10:3 100% H Figure 15: Adjust the Source AC Modulation Ratio 1. Touch the Modulation Ratio button to select the desired ratio – includes 2:1, 3:1, 10:3, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1. Note: for higher modulation ratios (e.g. 4:1 and higher), the Source Output Level may need to be adjusted higher. 2. In the SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL, Edit Modulation Ratio screen, touch the UP or DOWN buttons to set the modula- tion ratio. 3. Touch SAVE to store the new voltage and return to the previous menu screen. 4. Touch CANCEL to return to the previous screen without saving. 19

Sets the time signal source from either Input 1, Input 2 or RTC. SOURCE 1PPS CONFIGURATION RTC Input1 Input2 100% H TIME SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Figure 16: Configuring the 1 PPS Time Source 1. From the SOURCE SIGNAL SELECTION menu screen, touch the 1 PULSE PER SECOND button. 2. Select the TIME SOURCE button: Input 1, Input 2 or RTC. 3. Touch the OUTPUT LEVEL to set the output voltage – see Fig- ure 17. 20

Sets the 1 PPS source output impendance and voltage. SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL HI Drive with 50 Ohm Variable HI Drive (125ma @ 5V) Vdc 5 100% H Figure 17: Configuring the 1 PPS Output 1. Touch the Variable (50 Ohm Source) to open the SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL adjustment screen. See Figure 18. 2. Touch the UP or DOWN arrows to choose the desired voltage level (1 Vpeak to 15 Vpeak). 3. Touch SAVE or CANCEL when finished. SOURCE OUTPUT LEVEL Edit AC Amplitude SAVE CANCEL Volts 5 100% H Figure 18: Adjusting the 1 PPS Voltage 21

Configures the DCF77 output for this one-minute time code. SOURCE DCF77 CONFIGURATION Input1 Custom UTC Add Del Local Input2 TIME SOURCE Leap Second Configuration Daylight Saving Configuration APR 28, 2024 16:44:10 JAN 10, 2024 20:54:45 DEC LOCAL OFFSET 0:00 Month: Change Over Time: Enable Enable DST Active 100% H Figure 19: Configuring the DCF77 Output 1. From the SOURCE SIGNAL SELECTION screen (see Fig- ure 6) touch the DCF77 button. 2. Touch one of the TIME SOURCE selections. 3. To configure a custom time touch CUSTOM, then touch the start time bar to adjust the date and time. 4. Configure UTC or your time zone button. 5. Configure leap seconds, if required. The Leap Second Pend- ing bit (LSP) will change one hour prior to the addition, or subtraction, of a leap second. 6. Configure DST adjustments if required. DCF77 DST adjust- ments work the same as they do for IRIG-B. For more information on the DCF77 time code, see page 33. 22

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Flashlight: Speaker Volume: Backlight: RTC Date/Time: Synchronize RTC: Input 1: Input 2: OFF: On On Auto May 01, 2016 12:34:56 100% H Figure 20: System Configuration 1. In the Home screen CONFIGURATION menu, touch SYSTEM . 2. Touch the Flashlight On button if desired. Deselect button if not wanting the flashlight. Touch the brightness bar to adjust the flashlight brightness. 3. Touch the Speaker Volume On button if desired, and adjust the volume with the slider. 4. Adjust the Backlight brightness manually, or use the Auto setting. Backlight slider does not function when Auto is se- lected. 5. For Real Time Clock Date/Time setting, go to page 25. 6. Synchronize RTC with Input1, Input 2 or OFF. Choose OFF if manually setting the RTC. 23

Flashlight Provides brightness control and On selection. When selected ON, the brightness slider controls the LED output. The brightness slider has no effect if the ON button is not selected. Speaker Volume is similar to Flashlight, in that the slider controls the out- put level and “ON” turns the speaker on or off. The volume slider has no effect if the ON button is not selected. Backlight Controls are manual and automatic. With Auto selected, the back- light is automatically adjusted for the ambient light. With Auto not selected, the slider manually controls the backlight brightness. The backlight uses the most power from the batteries. RTC Date/Time Set the RTC in one of two ways: (1) from an incoming timing signal from Input 1, or Input 2, and (2) set manually. By selecting Input 1 or Input 2, the Real Time Clock will be set automatically when a valid time signal is connected to either input. NOTE: For Flashlight, Speaker and Backlight: if the “ON” or “AUTO” buttons are not selected and one of the sliders are moved, the level is remembered and is used when the 940A is powered back on. 24

Manually adjust the Real Time Clock (RTC) from this menu. Use the UP and DOWN arrows to change the date and time value(s) forward or backward. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Real Time Clock SET TIME CANCEL Month Day Year Hour Minute Second SEP 29 2016 12 34 56 100% H Figure 21: Set Real Time Clock Screen 1. Continued from page 23. 2. As required, touch the arrows above and below each of the date/time selections. 3. Touch SET TIME to set the time/date. Returns you to the system configuration menu. 4. Touch CANCEL to leave this menu without changing any- thing. 25

TION, and DISPLAY. DISPLAY allows you to view the incoming signals from INPUT 1, INPUT 2, both Input 1 and Input 2 and outgoing signal from the SOURCE connector. CONFIGURATION DISPLAY INPUT 1 INPUT 1 INPUT 2 INPUT 2 SOURCE SOURCE SYSTEM INPUT 1+2 100% Figure 22: DISPLAY on the Home Screen 26

in time code ON-TIME 1 PPS REFERENCE REFERENCE IRIG ZERO IRIG ONE Modulated Unmodulated Figure 23: 1 PPS & IRIG-B Waveforms Figure 23 illustrates two of the common methods of transmit- ting IRIG-B, plus one pulse per second (1PPS). Unmodulated is a square wave string of 100 bits and modulated is a 1 kHz carrier amplitude modulated with the same number of bits. Notice that there are three different bit widths: 8 milliseconds, 5 milliseconds and 2 milliseconds. The 8 millisecond pulse is con- sidered a reference bit, the 5 millisecond pulse is a digital one and the 2 millisecond pulse width is a digital zero. Also, notice that the 1 kHz sine wave amplitude follows the same time frame and pattern as the digital (unmodulated) signal. 27

signal you wish to view. INPUT 1 IRIG-B UNMODULATED Time: 00:55:46 UTC Date: 01 JUL 2015 DOY: 182 SBS:3346 Time Offset: 0 TQ: Locked CTQ: <100ns LSP: 0 LSD: 0 DSP: 0 DST: 0 PARITY: EVEN Jitter: 0.47 uS, 0.1 RMS In1 - In2 Delta T: ---.- uSecs Amplitude: 4.1 Volts Year(15) Offset(0) TQ(6) 20 40 80 P6 LSP DSP DST SIGN 1 2 4 8 LSD 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 100% H Figure 24: Unmodulated IRIG-B Display The lower portion of Figure 24 graphically illustrates a part of the unmodulated IRIG-B signal: view adjusted using the slider. • Time/Date: UTC time; date; Day of Year; Straight Binary Seconds (SBS); Time offset; IEEE 1344: ON or OFF. • Time quality (TQ): Continuous Time Quality (CTQ); Leap Second Pending (LSP); Daylight Saving change Pending (DSP). • Jitter, or Pulse Jitter: Two values measured and dis- played: average jitter and rms jitter. Acceptable jitter de- pends on your requirement. See Figure 25. • In1 - In2 Delta T: Time difference between the 1 PPS signals at Input 1 and Input 2. • Signal amplitude: Shown in Volts. 28

Rising Edge Jitter ~10 ms Figure 25: Average pulse jitter is the average difference between the 10 ms reference and measured spacing for all 100 pulses; RMS jitter is the calculated RMS of the difference between the 10 ms and measured spacing for all 100 pulses. Viewing Tools 1. – Home button: move to the Home screen. 2. – Zoom in and Zoom out. 3. – Pause: freeze the display until play is pressed. 4. – Play: resume viewing the active display after pausing. 5. – Slider bar: at the bottom of the input screen allows you to scan through the entire range of 100 bits in the IRIG-B time code. 6. – Gear button: at the lower right allows you to more easily access the input configuration screen and change the configuration. 7. – Blue down arrow over line: use to enlarge the upper text information and lose the lower digital graphics. Touch again to return to the split display. 29

Time: 00:55:46 UTC Date: 01 JUL 2015 DOY: 182 SBS:3346 Time Offset: 0 TQ: Locked CTQ: <100ns LSP: 0 LSD: 0 DSP: 0 DST: 0 PARITY: EVEN Jitter: 0.47 uS, 0.1 RMS In1 - In2 Delta T: ---.- uSecs Amplitude One: 1.3 Volts Zero: 0.7 Volts Modulation Ratio: 2.4:1 Seconds(45) 1 Pr 2 4 8 1 0 2 3 4 100% H Figure 26: Modulated IRIG-B Modulated IRIG-B carries the same time and date information as the unmodulated, however it is not as accurate as unmodulated IRIG-B. This is due to the difficulty in accurately measuring the time of the 1 kHz rising wave compared to digital signal’s fast rise time. Generally, acceptable accuracy for modulated IRIG-B is about 10 microseconds, whereas the unmodulated accuracy can be better than 100 nanoseconds. In Figure 26 you will notice that the representative modulated IRIG-B waveform is not a perfect sine wave in all magnifications. This is because the 940A display is not able to reproduce it with resolution. For clarity the individual bits in the IRIG string are shown as a modified square wave, whereas the text above the wave- form indicates accurate values. The analog waveform will appear more correctly as you zoom in using the zoom tool. 30

INPUT 1 ONE PULSE PER SECOND Pulse Width: 10.0 mSecs Jitter: ---.- uS, ---.- RMS In1 - In2 Delta T: ---.- Amplitude: 4.8 Volts 100% H Figure 27: 1 PPS Signal Connected to Input 1 The 1 PPS signal is generally a 10 millisecond pulse that occurs every second, with the rising edge on time. Synchronization be- tween the 1 PPS and IRIG-B time code can be seen in Figure 23. A 1 PPS signal connected to Input 1 would display as illustrated in Figure 27. 31

Source ONE PULSE PER SECOND Pulse Width: 10.0 mSecs Amplitude: 5 Volts Load: 0 mAmps 100% H Figure 28: 1 PPS Signal at Source Connector The 1 PPS signal is generally a 10 millisecond pulse that oc- curs every second, with the rising edge on time. Synchronization between the 1 PPS and IRIG-B time code can be seen in Figure 23. A 1 PPS signal transmitted from the source connector would dis- play as illustrated in Figure 28. 32

Time: 08:20:08 Date: 06 OCT 2016 DOW: Thu Z1: 1 Z2: 0 A1: 0 A2: 0 Jitter: ---.- uS, ---.- RMS In1 - In2 Delta T: ---.- uSecs Amplitude: 4.8 Volts 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 100% H Figure 29: DCF77 Signal Connected to Input 2 DCF77 is a one minute time code with 58 bits of time informa- tion. The 59th second bit is missing, which is normal for standard DCF77. It can be illustrated as an analog clock as seen in Fig- ure 30. DCF77 Marker Details – Figure 30 M: minute marker (second marker No. 0): 0.1 s R: second marker No. 15 indicates service request to the DCF77 signal generation system A1: announcement of a forthcoming change from CET to CEST or vice versa Z1, Z2: time zone indication: CET: Z1, 0.1 s, Z2 0.2 s; CEST: Z1 0.2 s, Z2 0.1 s A2: announcement of a leap second, 0.2 s S: Start of encoded time. Always 1. P1, P2, P3: parity check bits DCF77 Time Zone Arrangement • CET is Central European Time, UTC + 1:00 • CEST is Central European Summer Time, UTC + 2:00. 33

1 2 4 8 20 10 P2 1 2 4 8 10 20 1 2 4 Day of the week Calendar Day 1 2 4 8 10 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 80 P2 P3 M 0 10 20 30 40 50 Figure 30: DCF77 Signal Elements show as a 60 second clock. Time and marker details are seen around the circumference of the circle. The 59th second bit is missing for Standard DCF77. 34

Levels 25 Vpk, maximum Impedance Selectable: high impedance, 50 ohms or 100 ohms. OUTPUT Connector One, BNC Signals IRIG-B (modulated, unmodu- lated), DCF77, 1PPS Levels 1 – 15 Vdc, 1 – 10 Vpk Drive 125 mA @ 5V Time Ref. Input 1, Input 2, Real Time Clock, or Custom SYSTEM Display 800 x 480 color TFT capacitive touchscreen, backlit Single or Dual Timing Signals Data and/or Waveform Reference Input 1, Input 2 or Custom Features Flashlight Built in LED Audio Indicator tone (enable/disable) 35

Operation 24 hours, typical Charge 8 – 12 hours with unit off External Voltage +5 Vdc Current 1 A Cable 24 AWG Required Connector USB Micro-B GENERAL Physical Size 204.7 x 166.5 x 48.5 mm (8.1 x 6.6 x 1.9 in.) 381 x 305 x 229 mm, shipping (15 x 12 x 9 in.) Weight 0.6 kg (1.4 lbs), maximum 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs), shipping Environ. Temperature Operating: -10 oC to +50 oC Charging: 0 oC to +45 oC Nonoperating: -40 oC to +75 oC Humidity Noncondensing 36

Updating Firmware This section describes how to update the firmware on your Model 940A. Check the Arbiter web site, or contact Arbiter Systems tech- nical support, for information on firmware updates. Firmware Package Note that the new firmware will be in zipped format and does not need to be unzipped (or unpacked) before uploading to the 940A. The Utility will unpack the required files when necessary. Driver Software The 940A Utility software package includes the driver and the op- eration manual. Updating the 940A 1. Power on the 940A and start the 940A Utility. See Figure 31. Figure 31: 940A Utility Opening 37

port on the 940A and the computer. 3. To select the COM port, click Settings then Serial Port in the Utility menu. Select the COM port of your computer, click OK. See Figure 32. Figure 32: Selecting COM Port 4. The Utility should then read and display the current firmware version and the serial number. See Figure 33 Figure 33: 940A Utility Reading Serial Number 5. In the 940A Utility main menu click Device then Upload Firmware; browse to the location of the new firmware, select the zipped file and click Open. 6. Click the Upload To Device button. A progress bar will appear that counts the number of blocks loaded and the total. 7. After the upload, the 940A should restart and pause on the startup screen. A message in the startup screen should ap- 38

Figure 35: 940A Upload Progress pear regarding the success of the upload and the new firmware version from the 940A. 8. On the 940A Utility you can also select Device, Read, and it should read the firmware version. 9. Touch the 940A display itself to leave the startup screen. 39

Listed below are the various formats in the IRIG specification. Arbiter clock products produce Format B. Format Pulse Rate Index Count Interval IRIG-A 1000 PPS 1 ms IRIG-B 100 PPS 10 ms IRIG-D 1 PPM 1 minute IRIG-E 10 PPS 100 ms IRIG-G 10000 PPS 0.1 ms IRIG-H 1 PPS 1 second Table 2: Various IRIG Time Code Formats Time Code Attributes All IRIG time code formats use pulse-width coding. A ”binary 1” pulse has a duration of 50% of the index count interval (see Table 2); a ”binary 0” pulse has a duration of 20% of the index count interval; pulse identifiers have a duration of 80% and used as reference markers. IRIG-B time code signals may be either Unmodulated or Mod- ulated. Unmodulated time codes are DC level shift with no carrier signal. Modulated time codes are amplitude-modulated, sine wave carrier. For IRIG-B, the carrier is 1 kHz. 40

contain various time, date, time changes and time quality informa- tion of the time signal. It consists of logic ones, zeros and position identifier bits. There are three functional groups of bits in the IRIG-B time code: Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), Control Func- tions (CF) and Straight Binary Seconds (SBS). The BCD group contains time information including seconds, minutes, hours, days and year, and recycles yearly. It reads zero (0) hours at 2400 hours each day and day one (1) on day 365 at hour 2400. BCD year counts two-digit year and cycles to the next year on January 1st, and counts to 2099 (99). The CF (Control Function) group contains year, time quality, leap year, pending leap seconds and parity. More recently, Contin- uous Time Quality (CTQ) was added according to IEEE C37.118- 2011. SBS (Straight Binary Seconds) counts time of day in seconds, recycling daily, reading zero (0) at 2400 each day. IRIG-B Bit Assignments Nomenclature BCD = Binary Coded Decimal; CF = Control Functions; SBS = Straight Binary Seconds; TQ = Time Quality; CTQ = Continuous Time Quality 41

BCD Minutes 9 to 18 Ref. bit at 9 BCD Hours 19 to 28 Ref. bit at 19 BCD Days 29 to 48 Ref. bit at 29 7 index bits BCD Year 49 to 58 Ref. bit at 49 CF, Offset 59 to 68 Ref. bit at 59 CF, TQ 69 to 74 Ref. bit at 69 CF, Parity 75 – CF, CTQ 76 to 78 – SBS, 86400 secs 79 to 98 Ref. bit at 79 one index bit Reference bit 99 – Table 3: IRIG Time Code Bit Assignments 42 FONKEL MEXICANA Tel: (55) 55 33 61 14 [email protected] www.fonkel.com.mx