Keysight 53147A Operating And Programming Manual

Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Microwave Frequency Counter/Power Meter/DVM Operating and Programming Guide all-guides.co m

Notices Copyright Notice © Keysight Technologies 2001 - 2017 No part of this manual may be repro- duced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technol- ogies as governed by United States and international copyright laws. Manual Part Number 53147-90009 Edition Edition 3, November 1, 2017 Printed in: Printed in Malaysia Published by: Keysight Technologies Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, 11900 Penang, Malaysia Technology Licenses The hardware and/or software described in this document are fur- nished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. Declaration of Conformity Declarations of Conformity for this product and for other Keysight prod- ucts may be downloaded from the Web. Go to http://www.keysight.com/ go/conformity. You can then search by product number to find the latest Dec- laration of Conformity. U.S. Government Rights The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acqui- sition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursu- ant to FAR 12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supple- ment (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial com- puter software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its stan- dard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at http://www.keysight.com/ find/sweula. The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Soft- ware. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or per- mit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer soft- ware or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the govern- ment rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, per- form, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial com- puter software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursu- ant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing else- where in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data. Warranty THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DIS- CLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMA- TION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUD- ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER- CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSE- QUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR OF ANY INFORMATION CON- TAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WAR- RANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATE- RIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT SHALL CONTROL. Safety Information CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating proce- dure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not pro- ceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. WARNING A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating proce- dure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

3 Serial Prefix Number This guide describes how to service the Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A. The information in this guide applies to instruments having the number prefix listed below, unless accompanied by a “Manual Updating Changes” package indicating otherwise. SERIAL PREFIX NUMBER: US4047 (53147A) US4048 (53148A) US4049 (53149A) Certification and Warranty Certification Keysight Technologies certifies that this product met its published specification at the time of shipment from the factory. Keysight further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members. Warranty Keysight warrants Keysight hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. If Keysight receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, Keysight will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. Replacement products may be either new or like-new. Keysight warrants that Keysight software will not fail to execute its programming instructions, for the period specified above, due to defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used. If Keysight receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, Keysight will replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects.

Keysight does not warrant that the operation of Keysight products will be uninterrupted or error free. If Keysight is unable, within a reasonable time, to repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted, customer will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product. Keysight products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subjected to incidental use. The warranty period begins on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by Keysight. If customer schedules or delays Keysight installation more than 30 days after delivery, warranty begins on the 31st day from delivery. Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts or supplies not supplied by Keysight, (c) unauthorized modification or misuse, (d) operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product, or (e) improper site preparation or maintenance. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND Keysight SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Keysight will be liable for damage to tangible property per incident up to the greater of $300,000 or the actual amount paid for the product that is the subject of the claim, and for damages for bodily injury or death, to the extent that all such damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been directly caused by a defective Keysight product. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL Keysight OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA), OR OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE. For consumer transactions in Australia and New Zealand: the warranty terms contained in this statement, except to the extent lawfully permitted, do not exclude, restrict or modify and are in addition to the mandatory statutory rights applicable to the sale of this product to you.

5 Safety Symbols The following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation indicate precautions which must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument. Direct current (DC) Alternating current (AC) Caution, risk of danger (refer to this manual for specific Warning or Caution information) Caution, risk of electric shock Earth (ground) terminal Frame or chassis (ground) terminal Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC)

Safety Considerations Read the information below before using this instrument. The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards for design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements. Safety Earth Ground An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be maintained from the mains power source to the product’s ground circuitry. WARNING WHEN MEASURING POWER LINE SIGNALS, BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL AND ALWAYS USE A STEP-DOWN ISOLATION TRANSFORMER WHICH OUTPUT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE INPUT MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS PRODUCT’S FRONT AND REAR PANELS ARE TYPICALLY AT EARTH GROUND. THUS, NEVER TRY TO MEASURE AC POWER LINE SIGNALS WITHOUT AN ISOLATION TRANSFORMER. WARNING INSTRUCTIONS FOR ADJUSTMENTS WHILE COVERS ARE REMOVED AND FOR SERVICING ARE FOR USE BY SERVICE-TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM SUCH ADJUSTMENTS OR SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO. WARNING ANY INTERRUPTION OF THE PROTECTIVE GROUNDING CONDUCTOR (INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE PRODUCT’S CIRCUITRY) OR DISCONNECTING THE PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL WILL CAUSE A POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD THAT COULD RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY. (GROUNDING ONE CONDUCTOR OF A TWO CONDUCTOR OUTLET IS NOT SUFFICEIENT PROTECTION.) all-guides.co m

7 Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument must be made inpoerative and be secured against any unintended operation. If this instrument is to be energized via an autotransformer (for voltage reduction), make sure the common terminal is connected to the earthed pole terminal (neutral) of the power source. Instructions for adjustments while covers are removed and for servicing are for use by trained personnel only. To avoid dangerous electric shock, do not perform such ajdustments or servicing unless qualified to do so. For continued protection against fire, replace the line fuse(s) with fuses of the same current rating and type (for example, normal blow, time delay). Do not use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuseholders. Acoustic Noise Emissions LpA<47 dB at operator position, at normal operation, tested per EN 27779. All data are the results from type test. Geräuschemission LpA<47 dB am Arbeits platz, normaler Betrieb, geprüft nach EN 27779. Die Angagen beruhen auf Ergebnissen von Typenprüfungen. Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Testing When the product is tested with 8kV AD, 4kV CD and 4kV ID according to IEC801-2, a system error may occur that may affect measurement data made during these disturbances. After these occurrences, the system self-recovers without user intervention.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive marking requirement. This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this electrical or electronic product in domestic household waste. Product category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this instrument is classified as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product. The affixed product label is as shown below. Do not dispose in domestic household waste. To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Keysight Service Center, or visit http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml for more information. Sales and Technical Support To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to the support links on the following Keysight websites: – www.keysight.com/find/counters (product-specific information and support, software and documentation updates) – www.keysight.com/find/assist (worldwide contact information for repair and service)

9 Table of Contents Serial Prefix Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Certification and Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Safety Earth Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Acoustic Noise Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Geräuschemission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive . . . . . . . .8 Product category: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Sales and Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 In This Guide Contents and Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Types of Service Available if Instrument Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Standard Repair Services (Worldwide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Express Repair/Performance Calibration Service (USA Only) . . . . .24 Repair Instrument Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Repackaging for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Description of the Microwave Frequency Counter/Power Meter/DVM 26 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Accessories Supplied and Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Accessories Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Accessories Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Manuals Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Quick Reference Guide 1 Getting Started The Front Panel at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Front Panel Indicators at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The Front Panel Menus at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Display Annunciators at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 The Display Special Characters at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Rear Panel at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Operating the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2 Operating Your Instrument Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 How this Instrument Works for You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Summary of the Measurement Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Using the Selection Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Sequencing Through the Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Numeric Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Changing States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Using the Clear and Reset/Local Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Acknowledging Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Other Function Selection Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Measuring Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Setting the Resolution and Measurement Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Setting the Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Setting the Measurement Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Setting the Number of Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Averages Setting Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

11 Measuring Relative Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Relative Frequency Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Offsetting a Frequency Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Frequency Offset Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Measuring Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Selecting a Power Head (Sensor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Making a Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Modifying and Adding Calibration Factor Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Measuring Relative Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Relative Power Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Offsetting a Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Power Offset Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Measuring Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Voltage Measurement Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Using the Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 3 Programming Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 How to Use This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 New Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Experienced Programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Front Panel to SCPI Command Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 SCPI Conformance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 IEEE 488.2 Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A SCPI Subsystem Commands . . . . .142 Std/New Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Parameter Form Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 all-guides.co m

*RST Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Programming the Instrument for Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Connecting the Instrument to a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Connecting With the GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 IEEE 488.1 Interface Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Connecting With the RS-232 Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Remote/Local Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Overview of Command Types and Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Common Command Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 SCPI Command and Query Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Elements of SCPI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Subsystem Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Common Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Abbreviated Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Keyword Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Optional Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Parameter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Parameter Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Query Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Command Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Using Multiple Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Program Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Program Message Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Overview of Response Message Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Response Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Response Message Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Response Message Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Status Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register . . . . . 176 Standard Event Status Register Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 The Operation and Questionable Data Status Register Groups . . 182 Programming the Instrument for Status Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

13 Determining the Condition of the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Resetting the Instrument and Clearing the Remote Interface —Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Using the Standard Event Status Register to Trap an Incorrect Command—Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Using the Operation Status Register to Alert the Computer When Measuring is Complete—Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Programming the Instrument to Display Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Configuring the Instrument's Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Commands for Displaying Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Command for Displaying Raw Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Commands for Displaying Relative Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Commands for Enabling and Disabling the Display . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Programming the Instrument to Synchronize Measurements . . . . . .196 Synchronizing Measurement Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 Resetting the Instrument and Clearing the Interface . . . . . . . . . . .196 Using the *WAI Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Using the *OPC? Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Using the *OPC Command to Assert SRQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Writing SCPI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Programming Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Using BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Using C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 List of the Programming Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 Making a Frequency Measurement (BASIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 Making a Frequency Measurement (QuickBASIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Making a Frequency Measurement (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 :ABORt Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 :CALibration Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210 :DISPlay Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Group Execute Trigger (GET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 :INITiate Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

:INPut Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 :MEASure Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Measurement Instructions (:CONFigure, :FETCh, :MEASure, :READ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Descriptions of the Measurement Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 How to Use the Measurement Instruction Commands . . . . . . . . . 229 :MEMory Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 [:SENSe] Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 [:SENSe]:FUNCtion Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 [:SENSe]:POWer Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 [:SENSe]:ROSCillator Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 :STATus Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 :STATus:OPERation Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 :STATus:QUEStionable Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 :SYSTem Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 :SYSTem:COMMunicate Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 :TRIGger Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 :UNIT Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 *CLS (Clear Status Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 *DDT (Define Device Trigger Command) *DDT? (Define Device Trigger Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 *ESE (Standard Event Status Enable Command) *ESE? (Standard Event Status Enable Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 *ESR? (Event Status Register Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 *IDN? (Identification Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 *IST? (Instrument Status) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 *OPC (Operation Complete Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 *OPC? (Operation Complete Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 *PRE (Parallel Poll Enable Register) *PRE? (Parallel Poll Enable Register Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 *RCL (Recall Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 *RST (Reset Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

15 *SAV (Save Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 *SRE (Service Request Enable Command) *SRE? (Service Request Enable Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 *STB? (Status Byte Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 *TRG (Trigger Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 *TST? (Self-Test Query) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264 *WAI (Wait-to-Continue Command) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Reading an Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Error Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 No Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Command Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Execution Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Device-Specific or Instrument-Specific Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 Query Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Error List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 4 Specifications A Rack Mounting the Instrument Rack Mounting the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 B Messages Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286 Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Self-Test Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 C Using the Battery Option Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Operating the Instrument from the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Operating the Instrument from a DC Power Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 Replacing the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Removing the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

Installing Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Charging the Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 all-guides.co m

17 List of Figures Figure 3-1 Front Panel Control to SCPI Command Map (Part 1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Figure 3-1 Front Panel Control to SCPI Command Map (Part 2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Figure 3-2 Front Panel Menu to SCPI Command Map (Part 1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Figure 3-2 Front Panel Menu to SCPI Command Map (Part 2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 Figure 3-3 GPIB Interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Figure 3-4 Location of the RS-232 (RJ12) Connector . . . . . . . .154 Figure 3-5 Wiring the RJ12/DB25 Adapter (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . .156 Figure 3-5 Wiring the RJ12/DB25 Adapter (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . .156 Figure 3-6 Assembling the Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Figure 3-7 RS-232 Serial Interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Figure 3-8 Simplified Program Command Syntax Diagram . . . .160 Figure 3-9 Simplified Common Command Syntax Diagram . . . .161 Figure 3-10 Simplified Program Message Syntax Diagram . . . . .167 Figure 3-11 Simplified Response Message Syntax Diagram . . . .170 Figure 3-12 53147A/148A/149A SCPI Status Reporting Summary Functional Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Figure 3-13 Status Byte and Service Request Enable . . . . . . . . .176 Figure 3-14 Standard Event Status Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Figure 3-15 Operation and Questionable Data Status Reporting Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Figure 3-16 Status Reporting Flowchart (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Figure 3-16 Status Reporting Flowchart (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Figure 3-17 SCPI Programming Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 Figure 3-18 The Operation Status Register Group . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Figure 3-19 The Questionable Data/Signal Status Register Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Figure 3-20 The Standard Event Status Enable Register . . . . . . .256 Figure 3-21 Standard Event Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Figure 3-22 The Service Request Enable Register . . . . . . . . . . . .262 Figure 3-23 The Status Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

Figure C-1 Battery Charge Level Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Figure C-2 External DC Power Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Figure C-3 Removing and Installing Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

19 List of Tables Table 2-1 Calibration Factor Data Point Modifications . . . . . . . .98 Table 2-2 Calibration Table Data-Point Values . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Table 2-3 Factory Default Function Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Table 3-1 IEEE 488.2 Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Table 3-2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A SCPI Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Table 3-2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A SCPI Command Summary (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Table 3-2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A SCPI Command Summary (continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Table 3-3 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A *RST State . . . . . . . . .149 Table 3-4 Unaffected by *RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Table 3-5 Command and Query Parameter Types . . . . . . . . . . .163 Table 3-6 Suffix Multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Table 3-7 Response Message Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Table 3-8 Status Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Table 3-9 Standard Event Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Table 3-10 Transition Filter Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Table 3-11 Operation Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Table 3-12 Questionable Data Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Table 3-13 Summary of the Measurement Instruction Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 Table 3-14 The , , and for the Measure Instruction Commands . . . . . . . .227 Table 3-15 Self-Test Error Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Table 3-16 Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Table 3-17 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Table B-1 Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 Table B-2 Self-Test Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288 Table B-3 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289

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Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 21 In This Guide This book is the Operating and Programming Guide for the Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A. It consists of a table of contents, this preface, a quick-reference guide, four chapters, three appendices, and an index. This preface contains the following information: – “Contents and Organization” pg. 22 – “Related Documents” pg. 23 – “Types of Service Available if Instrument Fails” pg. 24 – “Repackaging for Shipment” pg. 25 – “Description of the Microwave Frequency Counter/Power Meter/DVM” pg. 26 – “Options” pg. 27 – “Accessories Supplied and Available” pg. 28 – “Manuals Supplied” pg. 28 all-guides.co m

22 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Contents and Organization The Quick Reference Guide consists of a Menu Tree (tear-out sheet) that serves as a tool to trigger your memory or get you quickly reacquainted with the instrument. Chapter 1 “Getting Started” is a quick-start guide that gives you a brief overview of the instrument's keys, indicators, menus, display, and connectors. A graphical procedure for performing a measurement is also provided. Chapter 2 “Operating Your Instrument” is an operator's reference. You are given an overview of each group of front-panel keys, operating functions, and menus followed by a series of exercises that guide you through the operation of the instrument. Chapter 3 “Programming” provides information that you can use to remotely operate the instrument. Chapter 4 “Specifications” lists the specifications and characteristics of the instrument. Appendix A “Rack Mounting the Instrument” provides rack-mounting procedures for the instrument. Appendix B “Messages” lists and explains all of the messages that are displayed on the instrument’s front panel and/or sent over the RS-232 serial interface. Appendix C “Using the Battery Option” explains how to use the instrument with the Battery option. “Index”

Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 23 Related Documents For more information on frequency counters, refer to the following Series 200 Application Notes: – Fundamentals of Electronic Frequency Counters, Application Note 200, Keysight part number 02-5952-7506. – Understanding Frequency Counter Specifications, Application Note 200-4, Keysight part number 02-5952-7522. – Fundamentals of Time and Frequency Standards, Application Note 52-1, Keysight part number 02-5952-7870.

24 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Types of Service Available if Instrument Fails If your instrument fails within one year of original purchase, Keysight will repair it free of charge. If your instrument fails after your one-year warranty expires, Keysight will repair it, or you can repair it yourself. There are three types of repair services: – Standard repair service—if downtime is not critical. – Express Repair/Performance Calibration Service—if downtime is critical. – Owner repair—repair the unit yourself using the Assembly-Level Service Guide. Standard Repair Services (Worldwide) Contact your nearest Keysight Service Center to arrange to have your instrument repaired. Express Repair/Performance Calibration Service (USA Only) If downtime is critical, you can receive your repaired instrument via overnight shipment. Just call 1-800-403-0801 and ask for Express Repair/Performance Calibration Service. When your instrument is repaired, it will be returned via overnight shipment. Repair Instrument Yourself If you choose to repair the instrument yourself or would like more details on self test and calibration, use the procedures in the Assembly-Level Service Guide.

Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 25 Repackaging for Shipment For the Express Repair/Performance Calibration Service described above, return your failed instrument to the designated Keysight Service Center, using the instrument’s original shipping carton (if available). Keysight notifies you when your failed instrument is received. If the instrument is to be shipped to Keysight for service or repair, be sure you do the following: – Attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner and indicating the required service or repair. Include the instrument model number and full serial number. – Place the instrument in its original container (if available) with appropriate packaging material. – Secure the container with strong tape or shipping bands. If the original shipping container is not available, place your unit in a container with at least 4 inches of compressible packaging material around all sides of the unit. Use static free packaging materials to avoid additional damage to your unit. Keysight suggests that you always insure shipments.

26 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Description of the Microwave Frequency Counter/Power Meter/ DVM The Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A are capable of measuring frequencies from 10 Hz to 125 MHz on Channel 1 and from 50 MHz to 20 GHz (53147A), 26.5 GHz (53148A), and 46 GHz (53149A) on Channel 2. These instruments are also capable of measuring power (the power and frequency ranges for power measurement are dependent on the power-sensor model used) and DC voltages up to ±50 VDC. All three instruments have a maximum frequency resolution of 1 Hz. The Keysight 53147A/148A/149A provide GPIB and RS-232 serial interfaces and are suitable for field, bench-top, and ATE operation. The basic measurement functions of the Keysight 53147A/148A/149A includes Frequency, Relative Frequency, Frequency Offset, Power, Power Offset, Relative Power, and DC voltages. All of these features are accessible from the front panel and over the GPIB and RS-232 interfaces. The Keysight 53147A/148A/149A includes the following additional measurement functions and features that are designed specifically for manufacturing and service applications: – 1, 2, 5, and 10 MHz external reference capability – Optional high-stability oven oscillator for high-accuracy needs and lengthened calibration cycles – Frequency and power offset capabilities for relative measurements – SCPI programming capability – Battery and dc input option for operation in locations where AC power is unavailable – Optional soft carrying case for safe transportation and mobile use Programmable control is performed via a GPIB or an RS-232 serial interface. The GPIB and RS-232 ports are standard for the Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A. all-guides.co m

Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 27 Options The options available for the Keysight 53147A/148A/149A are listed below. Specifications for the options are listed in Chapter 4, “Specifications”. Options ordered with the instrument are installed at the factory and are ready for operation on delivery. Refer to the “Retrofitting Options” chapter in the Keysight 53147A/ 148A/149A Assembly-Level Service Guide for information on installing options in the field. Hardware – High Stability Oven Timebase, Option 001 – Battery/DC Power Input, Option 002 – Rack Mount Kit, Option 1CM – Soft Carrying Case, Option 007 Retrofit Options 001 and 002 can be installed only by authorized Keysight Technologies Repair Centers.

28 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Accessories Supplied and Available Accessories Supplied – Power cord, 2.3 meters (Part number dependent upon destination country) – Power sensor cable (Keysight 11730A) – DVM test leads (Keysight 34132B) Accessories Available – Soft Carrying Case (Keysight P/N 53147-80016) – Automotive Power Adapter (Keysight P/N 53150-60214) – Battery (Keysight P/N 53150-80010) – GPIB Cables (Keysight 10833A/B/C/D) – RS-232 Cable (Keysight P/N 53150-60215) – Power Sensors (Keysight 8480 series) Manuals Supplied Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide (Keysight P/N 53147-90009) Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Assembly-Level Service Guide (Keysight P/N 53147-90010)

Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 29 Keysight 53147A/148A/ 149A Quick Reference Guide The Quick Reference Guide is designed for experienced users of the Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A. It is intended to be used as a tool to trigger your memory. If you are using the instrument for the first time, it is recommended that you at least read Chapter 1, “Getting Started” first. The Quick Reference Guide, which follows this page, consists of a menu tree that may be torn out of the guide for external use.

30 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Frequency Counter/Power Meter/DVM 00 000 000 000 000 49 999 999 999 999 < 2060162-00 > < US 000 001 11 > BATT VOLTAGE 0.0 53147A > OP 9999 HRS DO SELF TEST RECALL > 0 to 9 CH1 LPF > ON CH1 LPF > OFF FM > AUTO FM > OFF REF OSC > EXT REF OSC > INT HEAD > 8487A HEAD > 8485A HEAD > 8482A HEAD > 8481D HEAD > OFF SAVE > 0 to 9 PRESET PWR REF > ON PWR REF > OFF BAUD > 4800 BAUD > 2400 BAUD > 1200 BAUD > 19200 BAUD > 14400 BAUD > 9600 HEAD > 8481A GPIB ADDR > 0 to 30 CUSTOM HEAD > 1 CUSTOM HEAD > 2 CUSTOM HEAD > 3 ± 99.99 ± 00.00 AVERAGES 01 AVERAGES 99 RATE FAST RATE MED RATE SLOW RATE HOLD GHz MHz kHz Hz + / – Rate RESOL 1 HZ RESOL 10 KHZ RESOL 100 KHZ RESOL 1 MHZ GHz MHz kHz Hz Offset Resol Freq GHz MHz kHz Hz Resol Offset Freq 050.0 150.0 GHz MHz kHz Hz Freq Factor Cal GHz MHz kHz Hz Avg Offset Pwr GHz MHz kHz Hz Avg Offset Pwr GHz MHz kHz Hz Menu Reset/ Local 00.0 * *.* GHz MHz kHz Hz Freq Factor Cal * *.* = Counter frequency max.

Power Meter/DVM Operating and Programming Guide 31 1 Getting Started The Front Panel at a Glance 32 The Front Panel Indicators at a Glance 33 The Front Panel Menus at a Glance 35 The Display Annunciators at a Glance 36 The Display Special Characters at a Glance 38 The Rear Panel at a Glance 39 Operating the Instrument 40 all-guides.co m

The Front Panel at a Glance POWER METER POWER GHz MHz kHz Hz 20 GHz Counter/Power Meter/DVM MODIFY Reset/ Local Cal Factor Freq Offset Menu On/Off Enter Avg + / - Freq Clear Resol Shift Ch 12 Rel Freq Offset Avg On Rel Pwr Offset dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ext Rel Error Shift Hold Rate Rmt SRQ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 3 Standby Counter Power Meter DVM Rate Pwr Offset Display Power dBm/W Store Cal Zero Offset On/Off Rel Pwr DVM + – DAMAGE ±60 VDC Display DVM POWER METER OUTPUT Power Ref. 1.00mW 50MHz INPUT Do NOT Exceed Sensor Max Power COUNTER Offset On/Off Rel Freq Chan Select COUNTER CHANNEL 1 10 Hz to 125 MHz DAMAGE +30 dBm 1MΩ COUNTER CHANNEL 2 50MHz to 20 GHz 50Ω DAMAGE +27 dBm 6 7 8 12 9 10 11 Gate 29 13 14 15 17 4 16 19 5 18 20 2 nW Pwr Ref 1 Power / Standby switch 2 Average / Power Offset key 3 LCD display 4 Selection-keys-active indicator 5 Display Power / dBm/W key 6 Instrument-function indicators (Counter / Power Meter / DVM) 7 Power Reference Output connector 8 Channel 1 input connector 9 Channel 2 input connector 10 Power Meter Input connector 11 DVM + connector 12 DVM – connector 13 Zero key 14 Display DVM key 15 Calibrate / Store key 16 Relative Frequency key 17 Power Offset On/Off / Relative Power key 18 Frequency Offset On/Off key 19 Selection (arrow) keys 20 Counter Channel Selection key 21 Gate indicator 22 Enter key 23 Frequency / Calibration Factor key 24 Sign change (+/–) / Rate key 25 Resolution / Frequency Offset key 26 Clear / Display Backlight On/Off key 27 Reset/Local / Menu key 28 Shift key 29 Standby indicator

33 The Front Panel Indicators at a Glance There are five front-panel LED indicators. These are listed and described in the following table. Indicator Description The Standby indicator is lit whenever the power cord is connected (or the battery option is supplying power), and the POWER switch on the front panel is OFF (out). During Standby, most of the instrument’s circuits do not receive power. The cooling fan and the timebase are powered to maintain temperature stability in the timebase components, and if the Battery option is installed, the battery-charging circuits are powered. When you press the POWER switch on the front panel, the Standby indicator goes off, and all of the instrument’s circuits receive power. The function LEDs light to indicate which of the instrument’s functions are displayed. If frequency is the only measurement displayed (the Power Meter and the DVM are disabled), only the Counter LED is lit. If both frequency and power measurements are displayed (the Counter and the Power Meter are enabled), the Counter and Power Meter LEDs are lit. If a voltage reading and a power reading are displayed (the DVM and the Power Meter are enabled), the Power Meter and DVM LEDs are lit. If only a voltage reading is displayed (the DVM is the only function enabled), the DVM LED is lit, and the Counter and Power Meter LEDs are not lit. When the LED indicator between the arrow keys flashes, the arrow keys can be used to navigate and change values in menus. When you make a change in a menu, always press the Enter key to save the setting and exit the menu. The Gate LED indicator flashes to indicate the rate at which Counter measurements are triggered. The flash rate of the LED varies with the settings of the measurement rate (Rate key) and the Counter measurement resolution (Resol key). The flash rate of the LED provides a rough indication of the number of Counter measurements that are being taken in a given period of time. POWER Standby Counter Power Meter DVM COUNT Gate Chan Select

NOTE It is normal for the fan to run when the instrument is in Standby mode. Power is supplied to the timebase whenever the instrument is connected to a power source, and the fan runs to cool the power supply.

35 The Front Panel Menus at a Glance Reset/ Local Menu Shift < 2060162-00 > < US 400 001 11 > BATT VOLTAGE 0.0 53147A > OP 9999 HRS DO SELF TEST RECALL > 0 to 9 CH1 LPF > ON CH1 LPF > OFF FM > AUTO FM > OFF REF OSC > EXT REF OSC > INT HEAD > 8487A HEAD > 8485A HEAD > 8482A HEAD > OFF SAVE > 0 to 9 PRESET PWR REF > ON PWR REF > OFF BAUD > 4800 BAUD > 2400 BAUD > 1200 BAUD > 19200 BAUD > 14400 BAUD > 9600 HEAD > 8481D HEAD > 8481A GPIB ADDR > 0 to 30 + / – RATE FAST RATE MED RATE SLOW RATE HOLD Rate Resol RESOL 1 HZ RESOL 10 KHZ RESOL 100 KHZ RESOL 1 MHZ Freq Offset CUSTOM HEAD> 1 CUSTOM HEAD> 2 CUSTOM HEAD> 3

The Display Annunciators at a Glance Ch 12 Rel Freq Offset Avg On Rel Pwr Offset dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ext Ref Error Shift Hold Rate Rmt SRQ GHz MHz kHz Hz nW Pwr Ref Annunciator Description Ch 1 or Ch 2 Indicates which channel is selected to measure an input signal. Freq Indicates that the value displayed is a frequency reading. Rel Freq The displayed frequency value is relative to a previously stored value. Freq Offset The displayed frequency value is offset by a previously entered frequency value. Avg On The displayed measurement value is the result of a number of individual measurements that have been averaged. Pwr The instrument is set to measure Power (Power Meter is on). Rel Pwr The displayed power measurement is relative to a previously stored power value. Pwr Offset The displayed power value is offset by a previously entered power value. dB, dBm, Watts, mW, mW, nW, % Indicates the unit of measurement for the currently displayed power value. Provides a real-time analog representation of the Power measurement (intended for peaking and similar procedures). Ext Ref The Counter is using an external reference Timebase for frequency measurements. Hold Indicates the instrument is in Hold (single-measurement) mode. Rmt, SRQ Shows the current state of the GPIB interface (Rmt = Remote operation via GPIB; SRQ = Service ReQuest). Error Indicates that a front-panel key command is unacceptable in the current context. Shift Indicates that all front-panel keys are redefined to the function printed above the key. all-guides.co m

37 Pwr Ref Indicates that the 1 mW power reference output is turned on. Shows the amount of charge in the batteries (if the Battery option is installed). Annunciator Description

The Display Special Characters at a Glance Special Characters Description Points to the current value for a Menu setting. Indicates that the value for the current Menu setting can be changed using the selection (arrow) keys. NOTE The special characters shown above are intended to help you navigate within the Menu. When the right pointer ( ) is flashing, it indicates the current setting for the selected Menu option. When the left pointer ( ) is flashing, it indicates that you can use the selection (arrow) keys to change the setting for the current Menu option. To switch between the two, press the right arrow key when the right pointer ( ) is flashing, or press the left arrow key when the left pointer ( ) is flashing.

39 The Rear Panel at a Glance OPTIONS 001 Oven Time Base 002 Battery Main Power ! ! In or Out Reference 10 MHz Auxiliary AC POWER 90-130 VAC 50/60/400 Hz 190-230 VAC 50/60 Hz FUSE 1.0A 250V WARNING: To avoid electrical shock: Do not remove covers. No user serviceable parts inside. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. RS-232 GPIB Counter/ Power Meter/ DVM This unit must be earth grounded. Made in U.S.A. of domestic and foreign content OPTIONS 001 Oven Time Base 002 Battery Main Power ! ! In or Out Reference 10 MHz Auxiliary AC POWER 90-130 VAC 50/60/400 Hz 190-230 VAC 50/60 Hz FUSE 1.0A 250V WARNING: To avoid electrical shock: Do not remove covers. No user serviceable parts inside. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. RS-232 GPIB Counter/ Power Meter/ DVM This unit must be earth grounded. Made in U.S.A. of domestic and foreign content BATTERY PACK Made in U.S.A. of domestic and foreign content Battery Battery Charging EXT DC + 11 to 18 VDC 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 1 3 4 9 6 12 7 8 10 11 Standard With Battery Option 1 AC Input/Power module (Senses incoming voltage and adjusts automatically) 2 Fuse Holder (behind door) 3 External Reference connector (BNC) 1, 2, 5, 10 MHz Input, 10 MHz Output 4 Auxiliary connector (reserved)[a] 5 Battery option cover plate 6 GPIB Interface connector (IEEE-488.2) 7 RS-232 Interface connector (RJ12) 8 Serial number plate 9 Battery sled (Battery option only) 10 Battery power switch (Battery option only) 11 Battery Charging LED (Battery option only) 12 EXT DC power-input connector (Battery option only) [a] The Auxiliary connector is not installed on standard production units.

Operating the Instrument The procedures in this section are designed to familiarize you with the instrument’s features and controls. Keysight suggests that you follow the steps for each of these procedures, even if you do not presently need to make any measurements or to adjust any of the instrument’s settings. The following procedures are provided: – Turning the Instrument On – Turning the Display Backlight Off or On – Selecting an Input Channel – Using the Menu – Setting the Serial Port Baud Rate – Measuring Frequency – Measuring Relative Frequency – Offsetting a Frequency Measurement – Setting the Power Head Model Number – Measuring Power – Measuring Relative Power – Offsetting a Power Measurement – Setting the Measurement Rate – Setting the Number of Averages – Setting the Resolution – Measuring Voltage

41 The following legend defines the meanings of the icons used throughout this chapter. 1 Press key one time and release 2 Multiple key presses 3 Result 4 Auto operation 5 Connect signal 6 Disconnect signal 7 Indicator off 8 Indicator on 9 Indicator flashing 4 3 5 6 7 9 8 1 2 Legend all-guides.co m

Turning the Instrument On To turn on the instrument, press and release the POWER button on the front panel. Ch 12 Rel Freq Offset Avg On Rel Pwr Offset dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ext Ref Error Shift Hold Rate Rmt SRQ Ch 2 Freq POWER Standby nW Pwr Ref

43 Turning the Display Backlight Off or On When you first turn the instrument on, the backlight for the LCD display is always lit. You can toggle the backlight off and on by pressing the Shift key and then the On/Off (Clear) key, as shown below. NOTE If a signal was applied to the Counter’s Channel 2 input connector prior to turning on the instrument, CH2 NO SIGNAL is displayed momentarily. As soon as the Counter acquires the input signal, it displays the signal’s value. NOTE The internal Reference Oscillator requires 15 minutes to reach a stable operating temperature. Since the Reference Oscillator receives power only when the instrument is on or in Standby mode, no measurements should be taken unless the instrument has been receiving power for at least that amount of time. Shift Ch 2 Freq Shift Shift Ch 2 Freq Shift Ch 2 Freq On/Off Clear Ch 2 Freq On/Off Clear NOTE If your instrument has the Battery option, you can extend the length of time the instrument can operate from the batteries by turning off the display backlight.

Using the Menu The Keysight 53147A/148A/149A has one menu that you use to control a number of the instrument’s features and functions. Displaying the Menu To display the Menu, press the Shift key and then the Menu (Reset/Local) key, as shown below. Navigating in the Menu and Changing Settings Use the Selection (arrow) keys to navigate to the setting you want to change and then to actually make the changes. For example, the diagram on the next page shows how to change the setting of the Reference Oscillator from INTernal to EXTernal. (In this example, a reference signal is applied to the External Reference connector, but no signal is applied to the Channel 2 input.) Ch 2 Freq Shift Shift Menu Reset/ Local NOTE The instrument does not switch to EXTernal unless a suitable reference signal is available at the External Reference connector.

45 When you select the Menu, the indicator between the arrow keys flashes to indicate that the arrow keys are now active. Since the Reference Oscillator setting is the first one displayed when you invoke the Menu (unless you’ve used the Menu to change another setting since you turned the instrument on), you don’t have to use the (up-arrow) key or the (down-arrow) key to get to it. Ch 2 Freq Shift Shift Menu Reset/ Local Enter Ch 2 Ext Ref

When you press the (right-arrow) key, the flashing annunciator ( ) changes direction, and the current setting for the Reference Oscillator (INT [internal] or EXT [external]) flashes. This indicates that you can now change this setting. Use either the up-arrow key or the down-arrow key to change the setting. If there are more than two settings available for the currently selected function, you can cycle through the available settings by repeatedly pressing either the up-arrow key or the down-arrow key. For example, to change the setting for the Baud rate for the serial port, use the sequence on the next page. Press either the Enter key or the left arrow key to accept the currently displayed setting. The Enter key accepts the setting and exits the Menu; the left arrow key accepts the setting but does not exit the Menu. Use the left arrow key to accept a setting if you want to change additional menu settings. The Clear key reverses an unaccepted setting change. You navigate to and adjust the remaining settings available in the Menu in the manner described above. The Menu also contains some items that provide information only (no settings are required [or possible] for these), such as Battery Voltage, Operation Hours, and information that identifies the instrument (Keysight model number, firmware version number, serial number, and installed option codes). These menu options and the ones described below are shown in “The Front Panel Menus at a Glance” on page 35. There is also a menu item called Preset and one called Do Self Test. If you press the Enter key while PRESET is displayed, all of the instrument’s settings are returned to the factory-default settings. If you press Enter while DO SELF TEST is displayed, the instrument repeats the tests that are normally performed when the instrument is first turned on. NOTE Remember to terminate each value you change in any of the menu options by pressing the Enter key or the left arrow key. You can abort a change to any menu option while the Menu is displayed by pressing the Reset/Local key or the Clear key. Both keys nullify any changes you made to the current menu option, but they do not affect any changes to other menu options. The Clear key terminates the current menu session, but the Reset/Local key does not. all-guides.co m

47 Setting the Serial Port Baud Rate (Menu Example) Menu Reset/ Local Enter Ch 2 Freq Shift Shift Ch 2 Freq

Selecting the Counter Input Channel You can toggle between Counter Channels 1 and 2 by pressing the Chan Select key. Chan Select Ch 1 Freq Ch 2 Freq Chan Select

49 Measuring Frequency The following diagram shows the basic sequence to use to make a frequency measurement using Channel 1. This example assumes that the instrument is on and has completed the Self Test. For the purposes of this example, use the 10 MHz reference output on the instrument’s rear panel as a signal source for input to Counter Channel 1. The same procedure applies to making a basic frequency measurement on Channel 2. However, since Channel 2 is automatically selected when you turn on the instrument, the channel-selection step is unnecessary (unless you previously selected Channel 1). Ch 2 Freq Ch 1 Freq Chan Select Ch 1 Freq COUNTER DAMAGE +30 dBm 10 Hz to 125 MHz Ch 2 Freq CHANNEL 1 1M CAUTION The Channel 2 input path circuits contain sensitive GaAs semiconductors. To prevent damage to these components, always adhere to standard ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) prevention procedures, and ensure that the maximum power specification for this channel (+27 dBm) is not exceeded.

NOTE – The Counter displays CH2 NO SIGNAL or CH1 NO SIGNAL and shuts down all unnecessary circuits when a signal of insufficient amplitude (or no signal) is applied to the corresponding input. This lowers the power consumption, and if the Battery option is installed, it extends the length of time the instrument can operate from the batteries. – When the frequency of a signal applied to the Channel 2 input exceeds the maximum rated frequency for the Counter, it displays CH2 TOO HIGH. – The DVM uses the same portion of the display to display voltage measurements that the instrument uses to display frequency measurements. Therefore, the DVM and the Counter cannot display measurements simultaneously. Pressing the Display DVM key toggles the upper portion of the display between the DVM and the Counter. CAUTION The 2.9 mm Planar Crown[a] connector used for the Channel 2 input on the Keysight 53149A must be handled with care to prevent damage and/or contamination, especially since it acts as a wave guide as well as an electrical connection. Observe the following precautions when handling this connector: 1 If you remove the outer portion of the connector, do not touch the exposed surfaces of either part of the connector with your bare skin or any material that is not intended for cleaning this type of connector. 2 Avoid dropping or striking either portion of the connector. If the connector becomes contaminated, it can be cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and a lint-free cloth or other suitable cleaning implement. [a] Planar Crown® is a registered trademark of Weinschel Corp.

51 Measuring Relative Frequency You can measure the difference in frequency from one measurement to another (drift) using the Relative Frequency function. You do this by pressing the Shift and Rel Freq (Offset On/Off) keys as shown in the diagram below (this example assumes that a signal is currently applied to Channel 1). The Counter stores the current frequency reading when you press the Rel Freq key. It then subtracts this value from all subsequent readings and displays the difference until you press the Rel Freq key again. Ch 1 Freq Shift Ch 1 Freq Shift Rel Freq Ch 1 Rel Freq NOTE If the input signal fluctuates, the value displayed varies as the Counter continues to take measurements. You can vary the speed at which measurements are taken by varying the settings for Rate and Resolution (see “Setting the Measurement Rate” and “Setting the Resolution for Frequency Measurements” on pages 61 and 63). all-guides.co m

Offsetting a Frequency Measurement You can use the Frequency Offset (Freq Offset) function to add or subtract a constant value to/from a frequency measurement. For example, you can use an offset to compensate for a systematic error or to display the difference in frequency between two signals. To display an offset frequency measurement, you need to set the value and sign (+/–) of the offset and to turn the Frequency Offset function on. In the diagram on the next page, the Frequency Offset function is enabled first, and the offset value is then entered. However, the order doesn’t matter, so you can also enter the offset value first, and then turn the offset function on. NOTE The Frequency Offset and Relative Frequency functions can be used simultaneously. NOTE When you are entering a value for Frequency Offset (or Power Offset), you can use the Reset key to restore all of the displayed digits to zero. These are the only two functions in which the Reset key has this effect.

53 Ch 2 Freq Offset On/Off Freq Ch 2 Offset Resol Freq Offset Rate Freq Offset Freq Offset Enter Freq Offset Ch 2 Shift Ch 2 Shift Freq Offset +/- Freq Offset

Measuring Power The Keysight 53147A/148A/149A can measure signal power (the power and frequency ranges for power measurement are dependent on the power-sensor model used). To measure power, you must first set the Power Meter for the power-meter sensor (head) that you intend to use. Selecting a Power Meter Head (Sensor) Model The example procedure in the following diagram shows how to select the model number of the power-meter head (sensor). This procedure assumes that the Power Meter is currently set to use a model 8481A power sensor and that you intend to use a model 8482A power sensor. NOTE When you select a power head (sensor), you are implementing a preconfigured calibration table for that head. There are five preconfigured tables (for head models 8481A, 8481D, 8482A, 8485A, and 8487A) and three custom calibration tables (CUST 1, CUST 2, and CUST 3). You can modify the frequency/ calibration-factor values in any of the data points for any power head, add data points to any configuration table (up to a maximum of 100 data points per table), and input data to build new calibration tables by selecting CUST 1, CUST 2, and/ or CUST 3. Complete instructions for modifying and adding calibration tables are provided in “Modifying and Adding Calibration Factor Tables” on page 97.

55 Menu Reset/ Local Enter Ch 2 Freq Shift Shift Ch 2 Freq

Measuring Power The procedure for measuring power that is illustrated in the following diagram assumes that the power-sensor head being used has been selected in the instrument’s menu and that the signal to be measured is connected to the head. NOTE When the power of a signal applied to the Power Meter Input connector exceeds the maximum rated power for the Power Meter head, the Power Meter displays HI. Ch 2 Freq Display Power Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm all-guides.co m

57 Selecting the Unit of Measurement for Power The instrument’s power meter can display values in either of two sets of units of measurement—dB and dBm or Watts, mW, μW, and nW (the power meter automatically selects the most appropriate unit of measurement when Watts is selected). Use the procedure in the following diagram to select the unit of measurement for power (this procedure assumes that a signal is currently applied to the power meter and that power is being displayed): Display Power dBm/W Shift Ch 2 Freq Pwr mW Shift Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm NOTE If a signal having an amplitude that exceeds the Power Meter specifications is applied, and power measurement is enabled, the annunciators for the power reading display “HI” to indicate that the signal’s amplitude exceeds the specification. If a signal having an amplitude below the minimum specification is applied, the power annunciators display “LO” to indicate that the signal level is too low to be measured by this Power Meter.

Measuring Relative Power You can measure the difference in power from one measurement to another (drift) using the Relative Power function. You do this by pressing the Shift and Rel Pwr (Offset On/Off) keys, as shown in the diagram below (this example assumes that a signal is currently applied to the Power Meter input connector). The Power Meter stores the current power reading when you press the Rel Pwr key. It then subtracts this value from all subsequent readings and displays the difference until you press the Rel Pwr key again. Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm Shift Shift Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm Offset On/Off Rel Pwr Ch 2 Freq Rel Pwr dB

59 Offsetting a Power Measurement You can use the Power Offset (Pwr Offset) function to add or subtract a constant value to/from a power measurement. For example, you can use an offset to compensate for a systematic error or to display the difference in power between two signals. To display an offset power measurement, you need to set the value and sign (+/–) of the offset and to turn the Power Offset function on. In the following diagram, the Power Offset function is enabled first, and the offset value is then entered. However, the order doesn’t matter, so you can also enter the offset value first, and then turn the offset function on. NOTE The Power Offset and Relative Power functions can be used simultaneously.

Offset On/Off Shift Rel Pwr Avg Pwr Offset Pwr Offset dB +/- dB Pwr Offset Enter Pwr Offset dB Ch 2 Freq Pwr Offset dB Ch 2 Freq Pwr dBm Ch 2 Freq Pwr Offset dB Shift Ch 2 Freq Pwr Offset dB

61 Setting the Measurement Rate The measurement rate determines how frequently the instrument takes measurements (frequency, power, and/or voltage). You can set the measurement rate to FAST, MED (medium), SLOW, or HOLD (single measurement taken each time you press the Reset/Local key). Ch 2 Freq Enter Ch 2 Freq Hold Rate +/- Shift Ch 2 Freq all-guides.co m

Setting the Number of Averages You can set the number of frequency, power, and/or voltage measurements the instrument takes and averages before displaying the result. The default setting is one (no averages are performed), and the maximum setting is 99. Note that the tens position (10 through 90) and the units position (0 through 9) are adjusted separately, and that you cannot set the number of averages to zero. Ch 1 Freq Avg Enter Ch 1 Freq Avg On Enter Ch 1 Freq Avg On Pwr Offset

63 Setting the Resolution for Frequency Measurements Since less time is required to complete each measurement as the resolution of the measurements is reduced, the resolution setting affects the rate at which measurements are taken and displayed, as well as the number of digits displayed for the measurements. As a result, the rate at which the Gate indicator flashes changes when you change the resolution. As shown in the procedure in the diagram on the next page, the available resolution settings are 1 Hz (the default setting), 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz. NOTE For most of the instrument’s settings, when you continue to press either the up-arrow or the down-arrow key when you reach the end of the available settings, the value for the setting “rolls over” to the value at the opposite end of the range. For example, if the GPIB address is set to 31, and you press the up-arrow key, the value changes to one. However, when you adjust the value in the units position for the number of measurements to be averaged, rollover does not occur. If you press the up-arrow when the value in the tens position is zero and the value in the units position is nine, or if you press the down-arrow when the value in the tens position is zero and the value in the units position is one, there is no change. If the value in the units position could roll over (in either direction), it would allow you to set a value of zero for the number of averages. Since at least one measurement must be taken, zero is an illegal value. NOTE When the resolution setting is high (e.g., 1 Hz), and a large number of averages is selected, it takes a considerable amount of time for the instrument to take the measurements, compute the averages, and display a reading. As a result, the rate at which the display is updated is considerably slower than at small numbers of averages and lower resolution settings. For example, when the resolution is set to 1 Hz, and the number of averages is set to 60, a new reading is displayed every 60 seconds (approximately).

Ch 2 Freq Resol Ch 2 Freq Enter Freq Offset

65 Measuring Voltage To measure voltage, press the Display DVM key, connect the red DVM test lead to the red + DVM connector, connect the black DVM test lead to the black – DVM connector, and touch the red and black test prods to the source of the voltage you want to measure. If the positive test lead is applied to a positive voltage source, and the negative lead is applied to a return for that source, the meter indicates the positive value (+) of the voltage. If the positive test lead is applied to a negative voltage source, and the negative lead is applied to a return for that source, the meter indicates the negative value (–) of the voltage. Ch 2 Freq Display DVM Ch 2 Freq DVM + – DAMAGE ±60 VDC NOTE The DVM automatically selects the appropriate voltage range to display the measurement with maximum accuracy, and it automatically determines and displays the polarity of the voltage measured. CAUTION The 53147A/148A/149A DVM can measure voltages up to ± 50VDC. Applying voltages outside of the ± 60VDC range to the DVM inputs can damage the DVM.

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Power Meter/DVM Operating and Programming Guide 67 2 Operating Your Instrument Introduction 68 How this Instrument Works for You 69 Summary of the Measurement Sequence 70 Using the Selection Keys 71 Using the Clear and Reset/Local Keys 75 Other Function Selection Keys 76 Measuring Frequency 80 Setting the Resolution and Measurement Rate 82 Setting the Number of Averages 86 Measuring Relative Frequency 89 Offsetting a Frequency Measurement 90 Measuring Power 93 Measuring Relative Power 109 Offsetting a Power Measurement 110 Measuring Voltage 112 Using the Menu 113

68 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Introduction This chapter contains information and usage procedures for the front- panel keys, operating functions, and menus of the Keysight 53147A, 53148A, and 53149A. Chapter Summary – “How this Instrument Works for You” pg. 69 – “Summary of the Measurement Sequence” pg. 70 – “Using the Selection Keys” pg. 71 – “Numeric Entry” pg. 72 – “Changing States” pg. 73 – “Acknowledging Messages” pg. 75 – “Using the Clear and Reset/Local Keys” pg. 75 – “Other Function Selection Keys” pg. 76 – “Measuring Frequency” pg. 80 – “Setting the Resolution and Measurement Rate” pg. 82 – “Setting the Number of Averages” pg. 86 – “Measuring Relative Frequency” pg. 89 – “Offsetting a Frequency Measurement” pg. 90 – “Measuring Power” pg. 93 – “Measuring Relative Power” pg. 109 – “Offsetting a Power Measurement” pg. 110 – “Measuring Voltage” pg. 112 – “Using the Menu” pg. 113

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 69 How this Instrument Works for You The following is a list of some of the key things the instrument does for you. – Presets the menus to default states and values at power-up. – The instrument’s Menu key and other front-panel keys allow you to select such things as the timebase source, the GPIB address, and the RS-232 serial-port baud rate. The instrument also allows you to store your selections in non-volatile memory; thus, these settings are not lost when power has been off or after a remote-interface reset. – Automatically displays measurement(s) when you have selected a measurement function. – Accepts your entry for a menu item when you press the Enter key. You must press the Enter key to complete each setting and/or selection. – Saves user configuration settings.

70 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Summary of the Measurement Sequence 1 Connect the power cord to the instrument and to an appropriate power source (or, if the instrument has the Battery option, turn on the Battery Power switch), and then press and release the POWER button on the front panel. 2 Connect the input signal to the appropriate input connector (Counter Channel 1, Counter Channel 2, Power Meter input, or DVM input). 3 Connect an external reference signal to the External Reference connector on the back panel (if desired). 4 Press the Chan Select key, the Display Power key, and/or the Display DVM key to select the measurement function (if necessary). 5 Press the Freq Offset key and/or the Power Meter Offset On/Off key(s) to enable offset measurements (if desired), and then use the Freq Offset (Shift + Resol) and/or Pwr Offset (Shift + Avg) keys to enter the offset values. 6 Use the Resol, Rate (Shift + +/–), and Avg keys to configure the display. 7 Use the Menu (Shift + Reset/Local) key to set the reference-oscillator source, to select the Channel 1 low-pass filter, to configure the Counter’s response to frequency modulation, to select a Power Meter head, and/or to select a previously saved set of user settings. 8 If you intend to operate the instrument remotely using the GPIB, use the Menu (Shift + Reset/Local) key to set the GPIB address. 9 If you intend to operate the instrument remotely using the serial interface, use the Menu (Shift + Reset/Local) key to adjust the serial port Baud rate. NOTE The internal Reference Oscillator receives power whenever the power cord is connected to a power source. Therefore, if the instrument has just been connected to a power source, the frequency of the reference signal may drift until the oscillator stabilizes. Specifications for the stability of the standard internal timebase and the optional Oven Timebase are provided in Chapter 3.

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 71 Using the Selection Keys There are six Selection keys—four “arrow” keys, the Enter key, and the sign (+/–) key. The functions of the arrow keys depend on the instrument’s operating mode (i.e., sequencing through choices in the Menu, numeric entry, state change, etc.). This section describes how the Selection keys function in these different operating modes. Sequencing Through the Menu To access the Menu, press the Shift key, and then press the Menu (Reset/Local) key. – Press the up- or down-arrow key to go forward to the next menu function or back to the previous menu function. Pressing either of these keys repeatedly cycles through the list of menu functions. – Press the right-arrow key to select a function. When you do this, the flashing annunciator ( ) changes direction and the current setting flashes to indicate that you can now use the up- and down-arrow keys to cycle through the available settings. – Press the up- or down-arrow key to move through the list of available settings for a function. Pressing either of these keys repeatedly cycles through the list of settings. – Press the Sign (+/–) key to change the sign of numeric values. – Press the Enter key to accept the currently displayed setting and exit the Menu. Reset/ Local Menu Shift Enter all-guides.co m

72 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Numeric Entry Several menu functions, and several functions that have dedicated keys on the front panel, require you to enter numeric values. – Press the (left-arrow) and (right-arrow) keys to move left and right to select adjustable digits (the selected digit flashes). – Press the (up-arrow) and/or (down-arrow) key to increment and decrement the selected (flashing) digit of the displayed value (see note on previous page). – Press the Sign (+/–) key to change the sign of the numeric value. – Press the Enter key to complete a numeric entry. (If you change the value of a numeric entry, but you forget to press the Enter key, the value of the entry is not changed.) NOTE In most cases, when you reach the top or bottom of a list of settings, or the left or right end of a numerical field, the focus rolls over to the opposite end of the list of settings, or wraps around to the opposite end of the numeric field. In some situations, however, this does not occur, because if it did, you could choose an illegal setting. For these settings, you have to use the opposite button to cycle back through the values or settings. Enter

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 73 Changing States Several menu functions, and several functions that have dedicated keys on the front panel, require you to choose from a list of available states. These functions and the states you can choose for each of them are: – Reference Oscillator (REF OSC) – Internal (INT) – External (EXT) – Serial Port Baud Rate (BAUD) – 1200 – 2400 – 4800 – 9600 – 14400 – 19200 – Frequency Modulation (FM) – Automatic (AUTO) – Off (OFF) – Channel 1 Low-Pass Filter (CH1 LPF) – On (ON) – Off (OFF) – Measurement Rate (Rate key) – Fast (FAST) – Medium (MED) – Slow (SLOW) – Hold (HOLD) – Resolution (Resol key) – 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz

74 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Use the Selection keys as described below to change the state of these functions: – When the annunciator ( ) in the display flashes, press the right-arrow key to move the focus from the displayed menu function (or front-panel-key function) to the setting for that function. – Press the up- or down-arrow key to cycle through the available choices. Press the Enter key to complete the setting. (If you change the setting of a function, but you forget to press the Enter key, the setting of the function is not changed.) NOTE The Sign key has no function and is ignored in menu selections and front-panel functions that have state-change selections only.

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 75 Using the Clear and Reset/Local Keys The Clear and Reset/Local keys have similar functions in the Menu and in other front-panel-key function settings, but their effects vary with the instrument’s state and condition. In general, the Reset/Local key restores the setting that was in effect when you entered the Menu or front- panel-key function, but it does not close the Menu or the function-setting display. The Clear key also restores the previous setting, but it closes the Menu or the front-panel-key function-setting display at the same time. If you press the Reset/Local key while the instrument is taking measurements, it resets the current operation and forces the instrument to reacquire and re-measure the signal. Pressing the Reset/Local key while the instrument is in Remote Mode forces the instrument into Local Mode and enables all of the front-panel controls. Acknowledging Messages When a message is displayed, press the Reset/Local key, the Clear key, or the Enter key (after reading the message) to acknowledge it and erase it from the display. Reset/ Local Freq Offset On/Off Clear Resol Shift Menu

76 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Other Function Selection Keys There are several functions that you access directly from front-panel keys (not from within the Menu). These functions, which are all in the MODIFY section of the front panel, are: – Display Resolution (Resol key) – Frequency Offset (Freq Offset — Shift + Resol key) – Frequency (Freq key) – Calibration Factor (Cal Factor — Shift + Freq key) – Measurement Rate (Rate — Shift + +/– key) – Number of Averages (Avg key) – Power Offset (Pwr Offset — Shift + Avg key) Use the Selection keys in the manner described earlier in this chapter (see “Numeric Entry” and “Changing States”) to adjust the settings for these functions. Detailed procedures for using the Resol, Freq Offset, Freq, Cal Factor, Rate, and Avg keys are provided later in this chapter. MODIFY Cal Factor Freq Offset On/Off Rate Freq Pwr Offset Avg +/- Clear Resol Enter all-guides.co m

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 77 There are also a number of functions that are toggled between states (no selections or numerical-entry fields are displayed) using named front-panel keys. These are: – Display backlight on or off (MODIFY: On/Off). Press Shift, and then press On/Off (the Clear key in the MODIFY section of the front panel). – Frequency channel selection (COUNTER: Chan Select). Press the Chan Select key in the COUNTER section of the front panel to toggle between the two Counter input channels. – Frequency offset measurement (COUNTER: Offset On/Off). Press the Offset On/Off key in the COUNTER section of the front panel to turn the frequency offset function on or off. – Relative frequency measurement (COUNTER: Rel Freq). Press the Rel Freq key in the COUNTER section of the front panel to measure the difference in frequency between the current measurement and the measurement taken at the time you pressed the Rel Freq key (drift). MO Cal Factor Freq Offset On/Off Rate Freq +/- Clear Resol C Gate Chan Select COUNTER Offset On/Off Rel Freq

78 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide – Display power measurement (POWER METER: Display Power). Press the Display Power key in the POWER METER section of the front panel to turn the power measurement function on and off. – Power offset (POWER METER: Offset On/Off). To turn the power offset function on or off, press the Offset On/Off key in the POWER METER section of the front panel (Display Power must be selected). – Relative power measurement (POWER METER: Rel Pwr — Shift + Offset On/ Off). Press Shift, and then press the Rel Pwr key (the Offset On/Off key in the POWER METER section of the front panel) to measure the difference in power between the current measurement and the measurement taken at the time you pressed the Rel Pwr key. – Unit of measurement for power (POWER METER: dBm/W — Shift + Display Power). To toggle between measuring power in dBm and in Watts, press the Shift key, and then press the dBm/W key (the Display Power key in the POWER METER section of the front panel). – Display voltage measurement (DVM: Display DVM). Press the Display DVM key in the DVM section of the front panel to turn the voltage measurement function on and off. POWER METER Display Power dBm/W Store Cal Zero Offset On/Off Rel Pwr – DAMAGE ±60 VDC Display DVM

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 79 NOTE The Counter is active by default, so the Display DVM key toggles the upper portion of the display between voltage measurement and frequency measurement. Frequency and power measurements can be displayed simultaneously, as can voltage and power measurements. Frequency measurements and voltage measurements can be displayed alone, but power measurements are always accompanied by either the frequency display or the voltage display.

80 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Measuring Frequency 1 Connect the instrument to a power source. When the instrument is connected to an AC power source, the Standby indicator on the front panel lights. The Standby indicator also lights if the instrument is connected to an external DC power source or is operated from internal batteries and the battery power switch is on (with the Battery option only). 2 Press the POWER button on the front panel. The Standby indicator goes off, and all segments of the front-panel display are temporarily activated. TESTING is displayed while the instrument performs its power-on self-test. If the instrument passes all of the tests, SELF TEST OK is displayed, and the instrument then displays its model number, firmware version number, GPIB address, and CH2 NO SIGNAL. The Counter is now ready to measure the frequency of a signal applied to the Channel 2 input. Note that the Ch 2 and Freq annunciators are activated. 3 Connect an input signal to Channel 2. Battery Battery Charging EXT DC + 11 to 18 VDC POWER Standby

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 81 The Counter automatically displays the measured frequency of the input signal. To set the resolution, measurement rate, and/or the number of averages, see the appropriate procedure in the section titled “Operating Your Instrument”, or refer to “Setting the Resolution”, “Setting the Measurement Rate”, and “Setting the Number of Averages” later in this chapter. 4 To measure the frequency of a signal applied to the Channel 1 input, press the Chan Select key. CHANNEL 1 is displayed momentarily, and the Ch 1 and Freq annunciators are activated. If a signal is presently applied to the Channel 1 input, the measured frequency is then displayed. If no signal is applied, CH1 NO SIGNAL is displayed until an input signal is connected to the Channel 1 input connector. CAUTION The Channel 2 input path circuits contain sensitive GaAs semiconductors. To prevent damage to these components, always adhere to standard ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) prevention procedures, and ensure that the maximum power specification for this channel (+27 dBm) is not exceeded. COUNTER CHANNEL 2 50MHz to 26.5 GHz 50Ω DAMAGE +27 dBm NOTE When the frequency of a signal applied to the Channel 2 input exceeds the maximum rated frequency for the Counter, the Counter displays CH2 TOO HIGH. C Gate Chan Select all-guides.co m

82 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Setting the Resolution and Measurement Rate The number of measurements the Counter makes in a given amount of time is affected by the Rate setting, the Resolution setting, and the quality of the input signal (signal quality affects the amount of time the Counter requires to determine an accurate measurement). By adjusting the Resolution and Rate settings, you can affect how often the Counter takes measurements. Setting the Resolution The Counter’s resolution setting determines the number of digits displayed for measurements and the precision of the measurements. Since less time is required to compute each measurement as the resolution of the measurements is reduced, the resolution setting also affects the rate at which measurements are taken and displayed. As a result, the flash rate of the Gate indicator changes when you change the resolution. The numerals shown for the value of the measurement are displayed in four groups of three digits, as shown below (the leading zero is suppressed): GHz MHz kHz Hz Ch 2 Freq

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 83 Resolution Setting Example For the following example, use the 10 MHz output from the reference timebase as the input to Channel 1. 1 Press the Resol key to enter the resolution-setting mode. The current resolution setting is displayed (the current value and the indicator between the arrow keys are flashing to indicate that you can use the up- and down-arrow keys to change the setting). 2 Press the up-arrow or down-arrow key to decrease or increase the resolution. You can press these keys as many times as necessary to locate the setting you want to use. The available resolution settings are 1 Hz (the default), 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz. 3 Press the Enter key to activate your setting and exit the resolution-setting mode. The setting you chose is now in effect. The number of digits displayed for the measurement is adjusted accordingly; you can observe the affect on measurement speed by monitoring the flash rate of the Gate indicator. Reset/ Local Freq Offset Menu On/Off Clear Resol Shift Enter

84 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Setting the Measurement Rate The measurement Rate setting determines how frequently the instrument initiates measurements (frequency, power, and/or voltage). Since the actual measurement rate is also affected by the Counter’s resolution setting and the signal quality, as mentioned earlier, the available rate settings (FAST, MED, and SLOW) do not equate to a fixed number of measurements in a given amount of time. The HOLD setting turns off automatic measurements, so that a single measurement is made each time you press the Reset/Local key. Rate Setting Example 1 Press the Rate key to enter the rate-setting mode. The current rate setting is displayed (the current value and the indicator between the arrow keys are flashing to indicate that you can use the up- and down-arrow keys to change the setting). NOTE The measurement resolution has a direct effect on the amount of time the Counter requires to complete a measurement. Measurements made at the Counter’s maximum resolution setting (1 Hz) are noticeably slower than at lower resolutions. This is especially noticeable when the Counter is set to average a number of measurements. MODIFY Cal Factor Enter Avg + / - Freq Rate Pwr Offset

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 85 2 Press the up-arrow or down-arrow key to decrease or increase the measurement rate. You can press these keys as many times as necessary to locate the setting you want to use. The available resolution settings are FAST, MED, SLOW, and HOLD. 3 Press the Enter key to activate your setting and exit the rate-setting mode. The setting you chose is now in effect. The measurement rate is adjusted accordingly; you can observe the effect on measurement speed by monitoring the flash rate of the Gate indicator. The rate annunciator is activated when either SLOW or MEDIUM is selected for the rate. When you select HOLD, the HOLD annunciator is activated. 4 If you set the rate to HOLD, press the Reset/Local key to initiate a measurement. The instrument computes the measurement and then displays the result (if averaging is enabled, the instrument displays the AVERAGING message while it computes the measurement). Press the Reset/Local key again each time you want to take an additional measurement. Hold

86 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Setting the Number of Averages You can set the instrument to take a variable number of frequency, power, or voltage measurements and average them mathematically before displaying the result. You can use this feature to determine the effective measurement of a signal that is fluctuating. When measuring the frequency of a fluctuating signal, you can also use averaging to retain some of the precision of a maximum-resolution measurement. The default number of averages is 1, which means that no averages are performed, and the maximum setting is 99. Note that the tens position (10 through 90) and the units position (0 through 9) are adjusted separately, and that it is not possible to set the number of averages to 0. Averages Setting Example 1 Press the Avg key to enter the averages-setting mode. The current averages setting is displayed (the current value and the indicator between the arrow keys are flashing to indicate that you can use the up- and down-arrow keys to change the setting). NOTE When a large number of averages is selected for a frequency measurement in combination with a high resolution setting (e.g., 1 Hz), it takes a considerable amount of time for the instrument to take the measurements, compute the averages, and display an initial reading. For example, when the number of averages is set to 60, and the resolution is set to 1 Hz, the first reading is displayed after 60 seconds (approximately). Subsequent computations do not require as much time, since the averaging function computes a running average. However, the rate at which the display is updated after the initial average computation is also slower than at lower resolution settings. Pwr Offset +/– Avg all-guides.co m

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 87 2 Press the up-arrow or down-arrow key to decrease or increase the value for the units position of the number of averages. 3 Press the left-arrow key once to move the focus to the tens position, and then use the up- and/or down-arrow key to set the value for the tens position (if desired). Note that the tens and units values are set separately. 4 Press the Enter key to activate your setting and exit the averages-setting mode. The Avg On annunciator is activated, and the instrument displays AVERAGING while it takes the first set of measurements. The length of time that the AVERAGING message is displayed varies primarily with setting for the number of averages, since this determines the number of measurements that must be made and averaged before displaying a result. When the first set of averages is complete and the result is displayed, the instrument immediately takes another measurement, discards the oldest measurement included in the current average computation, recomputes the average and displays the new NOTE For most of the instrument’s settings, when you continue to press either the up-arrow or the down-arrow key when you reach the end of the available settings, the value for the setting “rolls over” to the value at the opposite end of the range. For example, if the GPIB address is set to 31, and you press the up-arrow key, the value changes to 1. However, when you adjust the value in the units position for the number of measurements to be averaged, rollover does not occur. If you press the up-arrow when the value in the tens position is 0 and the value in the units position is 9, or if you press the down-arrow when the value in the tens position is 0 and the value in the units position is 1, there is no change. If the value in the units position could roll over (in either direction), it would allow you to set a value of 0 for the number of averages. Since at least one measurement must be taken, 0 is an illegal value. Ch 12 Rel Freq Avg On

88 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide result. This continues until you change the setting for the number of averages or disable averaging (by setting the number of averages to 0). In certain situations, the length of time that the AVERAGING message is displayed can be affected by additional factors. When you are measuring frequency, the current resolution setting, the rate setting, and the quality of the signal all affect the length of time required to make the measurements and complete the average computation. NOTE If the measurement rate is set to HOLD, and a value larger than 1 is set for averages, the first set of measurements is not initiated until you press the Reset/Local key. When you do, the instrument displays the AVERAGING message while it takes the first set of measurements. When the first set of measurements is complete, and the averaging result is displayed, the instrument remains in this state until you press the Reset/Local key to initiate another set of measurements, change the value for averages back to one, or change the setting for the measurement rate to SLOW, MED, or HIGH. When the measurement rate is set to HOLD, the instrument performs a block-average computation instead of a running-average computation.

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 89 Measuring Relative Frequency You can measure the difference in frequency from one measurement to another (frequency drift) or between two separate input signals using the Relative Frequency function. Relative Frequency Example Press the Rel Freq key. The Shift annunciator activates when you press the Shift key. When you press the Rel Freq key, the Rel Freq annunciator in the upper-left corner of the display activates. At the same time, the Counter saves the frequency measurement it was displaying at the time you pressed the Rel Freq key, and it computes and displays the difference between the stored measurement and all subsequent measurements until the relative frequency function is deactivated. You can also use the Relative Frequency function to measure the difference between two different signals. To do this, activate the Relative Frequency function, as described in the previous paragraph, disconnect the cable supplying the signal to the input connector, and then connect the second signal to the same input connector. The value displayed when the Counter acquires the second signal is the frequency difference between the two signals.

90 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Offsetting a Frequency Measurement You can use the Frequency Offset (Freq Offset) function to add or subtract a constant value to/from a frequency measurement. For example, you can use an offset to compensate for a systematic error or to display the difference in frequency between two signals. To display an offset frequency measurement, you need to set the value and sign (+/–) of the offset and to turn the Frequency Offset function on. Frequency Offset Example 1 Connect a cable from the 10 MHz reference output on the back panel to the Channel 1 input connector, and press the Chan Select key (if necessary) to activate Channel 1. The display should look like this: 2 Press the Shift key, and then press the Freq Offset (Resol) key in the MODIFY section of the front panel. The Shift annunciator activates when you press the Shift key. When you press the Freq Offset key, the Shift annunciator disappears, and the Freq Offset annunciator at the left side of the display activates. 3 Use the left- and right-arrow keys to move the focus to the digit(s) in the frequency-offset display that you need to adjust to enter the offset value, and then use the up- and down-arrow keys to adjust the value for each digit. Enter a value of 500 Hz. The flashing digit is the digit that currently has the focus. This means that you can change the value of the flashing digit using the up- and down-arrow keys. GHz MHz kHz Hz Ch 1 Rel Freq

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 91 4 Press the sign (+/–) key (if desired) to change the sign of the offset value. The display should look like this: 5 Press the Enter key to confirm the offset value and exit the offset-entry display. The Freq Offset annunciator is deactivated, and the measurement display returns. 6 Press the Offset On/Off key in the COUNTER section of the front panel. The Freq Offset annunciator is activated, and the value of the display is adjusted to reflect the value and sign of the offset entered in Steps 2 and 3. The display should look like this: Since the offset function can be used to add or subtract a fixed value to/from the measurement result, you can use this feature to tune or align the odd frequencies of a local oscillator (LO). If you enter the target frequency as a negative offset, the Counter displays the difference between the LO’s frequency and the target frequency. You can then adjust the LO until the Counter displays a value of zero. GHz MHz kHz Hz Ch 1 Rel Freq Offset NOTE When you are entering a value for Frequency Offset (or Power Offset), you can use the Reset key to restore all of the displayed digits to zero. These are the only two functions in which the Reset key has this effect. GHz MHz kHz Hz Ch 1 Rel Freq Offset all-guides.co m

92 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide NOTE The maximum value that can be entered for Frequency Offset is ±49,999,999,999 Hz.

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 93 Measuring Power The Keysight 53147A/148A/149A can measure signal power in the power and frequency ranges listed in the specifications in Chapter 4. The power measurement, which is shown in a dedicated area of the display, includes a digital readout and an analog representation. The display, which can be configured to show power in units of dBm or Watts, is auto-ranging when set to measure in Watts. Selecting a Power Head (Sensor) There are a number of Keysight power heads that can be used with the Power Meter in this instrument. Choosing the appropriate power head is a matter of matching the head’s characteristics to the signal to be measured. Before you can make any power measurement, you must determine which power head (sensor) to use for the measurement, select the power head in the instrument’s menu (see “Using the Menu” on page 113), and configure the Power Meter to use the appropriate calibration factor for the frequency of the signal. The five power head models that have pre-recorded calibration-factor tables in the instrument’s non-volatile memory are listed under “Power Head Selection (HEAD)” on page 121. You can also modify the data points (frequency/calibration-factor data pairs) in the preconfigured calibration-factor tables, add data points to these tables, and add up to three custom tables for power heads that are not included in the instrument’s menu. Instructions for modifying and adding data points in calibration-factor tables are provided in “Modifying and Adding Calibration Factor Tables” on page 97. Making a Power Measurement When you turn the Power Meter on, you must always zero and calibrate it with the power head connected before making any measurements. If you are using a different model power head than the one used the last time the Power Meter was used, you must also set the power head model in the instrument’s menu. As part of the measurement sequence, you must input either the frequency of the signal you intend to measure or the power factor for that frequency (from the table provided with the power head).

94 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Power Measurement Example 1 Connect the output cable from the power-meter head to the Power Meter Input connector. This example assumes that you have a power head available that is appropriate for the measurement to be taken. 2 Press the Display Power key to enable power measurement. The Pwr annunciator at the left side of the display is activated, and the Power Meter’s digital and analog power displays show the power measurement in dB or dBm (the default units of power measurement). The display should look like this: NOTE You must re-zero and recalibrate the Power Meter if you change the power head, if the instrument is shut off for any period of time, if the ambient temperature changes by 5° C (9° F) or more, and if the GPIB “INIT” command is sent to the instrument. In any case, you should calibrate the Power Meter at least once a day. CAUTION Always follow the directions provided with the power head in addition to the instructions provided in this manual. NOTE The instrument must be powered on and must remain at the same ambient temperature for 15 minutes before beginning this procedure. If the temperature changes by 5° C (9° F) or more, wait another 15 minutes. dB dBm Watts mW uW % Pwr Ch 2 Freq NOTE When there is no signal applied to the power head, the Power Meter reads the noise level, as shown in the illustration above. This reading is generally below –25 dBm prior to zeroing and will vary.

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 95 3 Press the Shift key, and then press the Menu (Reset/Local) key. One of the items in the instrument’s menu is displayed (if the menu has not been used since the instrument was turned on, the initial menu display is “REF OSC > INT”). 4 Use the up and/or down arrow keys to cycle through the menu until “HEAD > OFF” is shown. Note that a power head model number may appear instead of “OFF” if a power head was previously chosen. 5 Press the right arrow key. The flashing indicator after HEAD changes from to , and “OFF” (or the currently selected power head model number) begins to flash. 6 Select the model number of the power head you intend to use by pressing the up- and/or down-arrow key repeatedly until the correct model number is displayed, and then press Enter. NOTE The upper portion of the display may show a frequency measurement or a voltage measurement if a signal is applied to the Counter or DVM input and the Counter or DVM is enabled. In this example, the Counter is enabled, but no signal is applied, so the upper portion of the display shows CH2 NO SIGNAL. If the DVM is enabled with no signal applied, the upper portion of the display will show VDC 0.000. NOTE You can change the values of the frequency/power-factor data points that are stored in the instrument’s memory (or add data points) by pressing the right-arrow key while a power-head model number is displayed and pressing the right-arrow key again when “LIST” is displayed. For instructions on entering or changing data, see “Numeric Entry” on page 72. The instrument is shipped with calibration tables in nonvolatile memory for five of the supported power heads. The data points in these tables are almost always sufficient to provide accurate readings, so it is usually unnecessary to add or modify the values in the tables.

96 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 7 Press the Zero key. The Power Meter displays ZEROING and then returns to the display shown in Step 2. 8 Connect the power-head input connector to the Power Meter Output connector. 9 Press the Cal key. During calibration, the Power Meter displays CALIBRATING. It then returns to the display shown in Step 2. 10 If you know the frequency of the signal you intend to measure, press the Freq key, enter the frequency value, and press Enter (for instructions on entering or changing values, see “Numeric Entry” on page 72). The Power Meter uses the frequency to set the power-factor per the values in the stored calibration tables. If you prefer, you can use the Cal Factor key to enter the calibration factor value directly. NOTE Three empty tables are provided for compatible power-sensor heads that the instrument does not have pre-recorded tables for. You can create your own table by entering a set of frequency/power-factor data points for a power head by selecting CUST 1, CUST 2, or CUST 3 from the HEAD menu. You then enter a set of frequency/power factor data points for the power head. For instructions on entering or changing data, see “Numeric Entry” on page 72. NOTE If the signal you intend to measure is already applied to one of the Counter’s input channels, you can press the Store key (Shift + Cal) to input the frequency value instead of using either the Freq or Cal Factor keys and entering a value manually. This saves time and has the same effect. all-guides.co m

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 97 11 Disconnect the power-head input connector from the Power Meter Output connector and connect it to the signal to be measured. The Power Meter measures the signal power and displays it, as shown below: 12 To measure the signal power in Watts, press the Shift key, and then press the dBm/W (Display Power) key. When you press the Shift key, the Shift annunciator is activated. When you press the dBm/W (Display Power) key, the Shift annunciator goes off, and the units of measurement annunciator group to the right of the digital power measurement changes from dB or dBm to Watts, mW, μW, or nW, as shown below: Modifying and Adding Calibration Factor Tables The HEAD menu option provides access to preconfigured, editable calibration-factor tables for five models of Keysight power-sensor heads (models 8481A, 8481D, 8482A, 8485A, and 8487A) and three custom tables. You can modify the frequency/calibration-factor values in any of the data points for any power head, and you can input data to build new calibration tables (CUST 1, CUST 2, and CUST 3). Table 2-1 shows the changes you can and cannot make to the various data points in the five factory-configured calibration-factor tables (for models 8481A, 8481D, 8482A, 8485A, and 8487A) and the three custom calibration tables (CUST 1, CUST 2, and CUST 3). dB dBm Watts mW uW % Pwr Ch 2 Freq dB dBm Watts mW uW % Rel Pwr Ch 2 Freq

98 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide Calibration Table Modification Example This example demonstrates how to view and modify the values in any of the preconfigured calibration tables or in one of the three custom calibration tables. 1 Press the Shift key, and then press the Menu (Reset/Local) key. One of the items in the instrument’s menu is displayed (if the menu has not been used since the instrument was turned on, the initial menu display is “REF OSC> INT”). 2 Use the up and/or down arrow keys to cycle through the menu until “HEAD > OFF” is shown. Note that a power head model number (or CUST 1, CUST 2, or CUST 3) may appear instead of “OFF” if a power-head model was previously selected. 3 Press the right arrow key. The flashing indicator after HEAD changes from to , and “OFF” (or the currently selected power head model number) begins to flash. 4 Select the model number of the power head you intend to modify the data point(s) for by pressing the up- and/or down-arrow key repeatedly until the correct model number is displayed, and then press Enter. You can now change the values of the frequency/power-factor data points that are stored in the instrument’s memory (or add data points) by pressing the right-arrow key while a power-head model number is displayed and pressing the right-arrow key again when “LIST” is displayed. For instructions on entering or changing data, see “Numeric Entry” on page 72. Table 2-1 Calibration Factor Data Point Modifications Calibration Table Data Points Modify Delete Reset Add Factory defined data points (for 8481A, 8481D, 8482A, 8485A, and 8487A) All None All Yes Data points added to factory-defined tables by user All All N/A N/A Custom calibration-factor tables (CUST1, CUST2, and CUST3) All All N/A Yes

2 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 99 5 Press the right arrow key. The display scrolls right-to-left and displays LIST and the frequency (on the top line) and calibration-factor (on the bottom line) values in the first data point. You can now use the up and down arrow keys to cycle through the data points in the currently displayed calibration table. 6 Press the right arrow key again. The flashing indicator after LIST changes from to , and the first digit in the frequency value begins to flash. You can now use the up and down arrow keys to change the value of the first digit of the frequency value. You can also use the right and left arrow keys to move between the digits of the frequency value and use the up and down arrow keys to change the values of these digits. dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ch 2 Freq Offset Avg On Pwr Offset dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ch 2 Freq Offset Avg On Pwr Offset

100 Keysight 53147A/148A/149A Operating and Programming Guide 7 When you move the focus to the last digit of the frequency value (the one furthest to the right), an additional flashing indicator ( ) appears at the right end of the display, and the indicator to the left of the frequency value ( ) stops flashing. This indicates that, in addition to being able to use the up and down arrow keys to adjust the value of the flashing digit in the frequency value, you can also press the right arrow key to move the focus from the last digit of the frequency value to the first digit of the calibration-factor value. NOTE In instruments that have firmware that is modified as described in Service Note 53147/8/9A-01, you can change the instrument’s setting to match the 50 MHz reference calibration factor (RCF) of your power head. When the frequency reading on the display is 00.05 GZ (50 MHz), you can change the RCF to the one for your particular power head. After doing this, always re-zero and recalibrate the instrument (see Steps 7 through 9 on page 96). All units shipped from the factory after August 2001 have the modified firmware installed. To determine whether your instrument has the modified firmware, display the menu as described in “Sequencing Through the Menu” on page 71. The instrument’s model number is listed between the Preset and Op Hours menu items. Press the right arrow key once to display the model number. If your instrument’s model number is any number lower than 2060166-99, you should obtain and install the firmware kit (Keysight part number 53147-80018). dB dBm Watts mW uW % Ch 2 Freq Offset Avg On Pwr Offset