Kintech Engineering ORBIT 360 Operation & User’s Manual

1 Index Index ......................................................................................................... 1 List of figures ............................................................................................. 8 List of acronyms ........................................................................................ 13 1 General user information ....................................................................... 14 1.1 Contact information .......................................................................................... 14 1.2 Warranty and liability ........................................................................................ 15 1.3 About this user manual ..................................................................................... 16 1.4 Product disposal ............................................................................................... 16 1.5 Getting help ....................................................................................................... 16 2 Introduction .......................................................................................... 18 2.1 About Orbit 360 ................................................................................................. 19 2.1.1 Orbit 360 Basic Plus ............................................................................... 20 2.1.2 Orbit 360 Premium ................................................................................ 20 2.2 Order options and accessories ......................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Data loggers ........................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Kintech SIM cards .................................................................................. 22 3 Quick start ............................................................................................ 24 3.1 How to get an Atlas license / Atlas software .................................................... 24 3.2 System requirements ........................................................................................ 24 3.3 How to setup your Orbit data logger ................................................................ 24

2 3.3.1 Main dashboard ..................................................................................... 25 3.3.2 General settings ..................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Channels settings .................................................................................. 25 3.3.4 Communication settings ....................................................................... 25 3.3.5 Scheduled download settings .............................................................. 25 3.4 Upload settings ................................................................................................. 26 3.4.1 SD memory card inserted into the PC .................................................. 26 3.4.2 SD card inserted into the data logger ................................................... 26 3.5 How to operate Orbit data logger in field ........................................................ 27 3.6 How to download data from an Orbit data logger .......................................... 28 4 System overview ................................................................................... 29 4.1 Orbit 360 data logger ........................................................................................ 29 4.2 General aspects ................................................................................................. 29 4.2.1 Sampling rate ........................................................................................ 30 4.2.2 Averaging period and timestamp ......................................................... 30 4.2.3 Basics about data management for Kintech loggers ........................... 30 4.2.4 Configuration changes becoming effective ......................................... 31 4.2.5 Logger reset ........................................................................................... 31 4.2.6 Internal tilt sensor ................................................................................. 32 4.3 Component map ............................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Display ................................................................................................... 33 4.3.2 Keypad ................................................................................................... 33

3 4.3.3 LED indicators........................................................................................ 33 4.3.3.1 Modem (red LED) ..................................................................... 33 4.3.3.2 CPU (green LED) ...................................................................... 33 4.3.3.3 GPS (blue LED) ......................................................................... 34 4.3.4 External battery ..................................................................................... 34 4.3.5 Grounding terminal ............................................................................... 35 4.3.6 Modem ................................................................................................... 35 4.3.7 GPS ......................................................................................................... 35 4.3.8 RTC ......................................................................................................... 36 4.3.9 TCP connector ....................................................................................... 36 4.3.10 MMC card slot ........................................................................................ 36 4.3.11 SIM card slot .......................................................................................... 37 4.4 Logger terminals ............................................................................................... 37 4.5 Alarms and actuators ........................................................................................ 44 4.6 Atlas desktop software ..................................................................................... 45 4.6.1 Atlas Free ............................................................................................... 45 4.6.2 Atlas Professional .................................................................................. 45 4.6.3 Atlas Enterprise ..................................................................................... 46 5 Technical specifications ......................................................................... 46 5.1 Operation conditions ........................................................................................ 46 5.2 Absolute maximum ratings ............................................................................... 46 5.3 Technical specifications: outputs ..................................................................... 48

4 5.4 Technical specifications: input channels ......................................................... 50 5.4.1 Frequency / Counters channels ............................................................ 50 5.4.2 Analog channels .................................................................................... 53 5.5 Communication / Protocols ............................................................................. 55 5.6 Data collection and storage .............................................................................. 57 5.7 Other specifications .......................................................................................... 58 5.7.1 Emergency power saving mode ........................................................... 58 5.7.2 Internal backup batteries ..................................................................... 58 5.7.3 Physical characteristics ......................................................................... 59 6 Installation ........................................................................................... 60 6.1 Preparation........................................................................................................ 62 6.2 Configuration .................................................................................................... 62 6.3 Grounding .......................................................................................................... 62 6.4 Antennas ............................................................................................................ 64 6.5 Sensor connection ............................................................................................ 65 6.6 Powering on the logger ..................................................................................... 66 7 On-site operations ................................................................................. 67 7.1 Using the keypad ............................................................................................... 67 7.2 Turning off the logger ....................................................................................... 68 7.3 Using the display ............................................................................................... 69 7.3.1 Upper information bar .......................................................................... 69 7.3.2 Lower information bar .......................................................................... 71

5 7.4 Parameter edit mode ........................................................................................ 73 7.5 Navigation menus on logger display ................................................................ 74 7.5.1 QUICK VIEW ............................................................................................ 75 7.5.2 FREQUENCY 1-16 ................................................................................... 75 7.5.3 ANALOG 1-8 ............................................................................................ 76 7.5.4 ANALOG 9-23 .......................................................................................... 77 7.5.5 STATUS .................................................................................................. 77 7.5.5.1 Logger status ........................................................................... 77 7.5.5.2 Modem ..................................................................................... 80 7.5.5.3 Serial channels ........................................................................ 81 7.5.5.4 Modbus .................................................................................... 82 7.5.5.5 GPS location ............................................................................ 83 7.5.5.6 Power supply ........................................................................... 84 7.5.5.7 System info .............................................................................. 85 7.5.6 CONFIGURATION ................................................................................... 86 7.5.6.1 Modem type ............................................................................. 87 7.5.6.2 Modbus RTU ............................................................................ 88 7.5.6.3 Area number ............................................................................ 89 7.5.6.4 Location number ..................................................................... 90 7.5.6.5 Tower number ......................................................................... 90 7.5.6.6 Num 1 2 .................................................................................... 90 7.5.6.7 Num 3 4 .................................................................................... 91

6 7.5.6.8 Language ................................................................................. 92 7.5.6.9 Flags configuration ................................................................. 92 7.5.6.10 Mode ........................................................................................ 92 7.5.7 SENSOR MODEL ..................................................................................... 93 7.5.8 TIME & DATE........................................................................................... 98 7.6 On-site logger configuration via SD card ......................................................... 99 7.6.1 Changing the SIM card (PIN code) ...................................................... 100 7.6.2 Sensor replacement ............................................................................ 101 7.6.3 Downloading from SD card ................................................................. 102 8 Data security ....................................................................................... 104 8.1 Orbit passwords .............................................................................................. 105 8.2 Atlas passwords............................................................................................... 105 9 Communication options ....................................................................... 106 9.1 GSM/GPRS ....................................................................................................... 106 9.1.1 Internet ................................................................................................ 106 9.1.1.1 Logger Server Name (LNS) .................................................... 107 9.1.1.2 Kintech Global Internet SIM cards ........................................ 108 9.1.2 Modem call (CSD) ................................................................................ 109 9.1.3 SMS ...................................................................................................... 110 9.1.4 Email .................................................................................................... 111 9.2 Satellite ............................................................................................................ 113 9.2.1 Iridium.................................................................................................. 114

7 9.2.1.1 Characteristics ....................................................................... 115 9.2.1.2 Installation (logger side) ....................................................... 116 9.2.1.3 Installation (office side) ........................................................ 118 9.2.2 BGAN .................................................................................................... 118 9.2.2.1 Characteristics: ...................................................................... 119 9.2.2.2 Installation (logger side) ....................................................... 120 9.2.2.3 Installation (office side) ........................................................ 121 9.3 Direct COM ....................................................................................................... 121 9.4 Troubleshooting .............................................................................................. 122 9.5 Internet troubleshooting ................................................................................ 122 9.6 Satellite troubleshooting ................................................................................ 125 10 SCADA ................................................................................................. 126 10.1 Modbus configuration ..................................................................................... 126 10.2 Modbus RTU troubleshooting ........................................................................ 132 10.3 Modbus types .................................................................................................. 133 10.4 Modbus TCP ..................................................................................................... 135 11 EC Declaration of Conformity ................................................................ 137

8 List of figures Fig. 1. Included items along with the Orbit 360 data logger ............................ 21 Fig. 2. Global Internet SIM Card ......................................................................... 23 Fig. 3. Where to find Orbit 360 serial number ................................................... 29 Fig. 4. Understanding the data management system ...................................... 31 Fig. 5. Orbit 360 component map ...................................................................... 32 Fig. 6. External battery connector ..................................................................... 34 Fig. 7. GPS and GSM antenna connectors ......................................................... 35 Fig. 8. Ethernet port of the Orbit 360 data logger ............................................. 36 Fig. 9. Orbit 360 removable terminals ............................................................... 37 Fig. 10. Orbit 360 terminal map drawing............................................................. 39 Fig. 11. Adjusting the logger hanging brackets ................................................... 60 Fig. 12. Hanging brackets dimensions (horizontal position) ............................. 61 Fig. 13. Hanging brackets dimensions (vertical position) .................................. 61 Fig. 14. How to ground the logger ....................................................................... 64 Fig. 15. GSM antenna............................................................................................ 65 Fig. 16. GPS antenna ............................................................................................ 65 Fig. 17. Antenna connectors in Orbit 360 ............................................................ 65 Fig. 18. Orbit 360 keypad ..................................................................................... 67 Fig. 19. Orbit 360 display ...................................................................................... 69 Fig. 20. Memory being accessed icon .................................................................. 70

9 Fig. 21. Logger site ID number ............................................................................. 71 Fig. 22. Logger data and time .............................................................................. 72 Fig. 23. GPS status ................................................................................................ 72 Fig. 24. RS485 communication status indicator ................................................. 72 Fig. 25. Modbus status indicator ......................................................................... 72 Fig. 26. Edit mode (sensor model) ....................................................................... 73 Fig. 27. Orbit 360 main menu view (1) ................................................................. 74 Fig. 28. Orbit 360 main menu view (2) ................................................................. 74 Fig. 29. Orbit 360 main menu view (3) ................................................................. 75 Fig. 30. QUICK VIEW screen .................................................................................. 75 Fig. 31. FREQUENCY 1-10 screen ......................................................................... 76 Fig. 32. ANALOG 1-8 screen .................................................................................. 76 Fig. 33. STATUS screen: Logger Status ................................................................ 78 Fig. 34. STATUS screen: modem .......................................................................... 80 Fig. 35. STATUS screen: Serial Channels ............................................................. 82 Fig. 36. STATUS screen: Modbus ......................................................................... 82 Fig. 37. STATUS screen: Site Coordinates ........................................................... 83 Fig. 38. STATUS screen: Power supply ................................................................ 84 Fig. 39. STATUS screen: System info ................................................................... 85 Fig. 40. Configuration menu ................................................................................ 86 Fig. 41. Configuration: Modem types .................................................................. 88 Fig. 42. Configuration: Modbus RTU .................................................................... 89

10 Fig. 43. Configuration: Area number ................................................................... 89 Fig. 44. Configuration: Location number ............................................................ 90 Fig. 45. Configuration: Tower number ................................................................ 90 Fig. 46. Configuration: Num 1 2 ........................................................................... 91 Fig. 47. Configuration: Num 3 4 ........................................................................... 91 Fig. 48. Configuration: Language......................................................................... 92 Fig. 49. Sensor model ........................................................................................... 93 Fig. 50. Time & Date configuration screen .......................................................... 99 Fig. 51. Uploading settings to a SD memory card connected to your PC ........ 100 Fig. 52. How to take out the SD card ................................................................. 102 Fig. 53. Display: checking memory card ............................................................ 103 Fig. 54. Display: storage cycle instructions ....................................................... 103 Fig. 55. Display: new storage cycle screen ........................................................ 103 Fig. 56. Display: old storage cycle continues .................................................... 104 Fig. 57. Logger Server Name .............................................................................. 107 Fig. 58. Kintech global SIM card......................................................................... 109 Fig. 59. Iridium modem ...................................................................................... 115 Fig. 60. Satellite: Iridium .................................................................................... 116 Fig. 61. Iridium antenna for satellite connection.............................................. 117 Fig. 62. Iridium satellite connection diagram (logger side) .............................. 117 Fig. 63. Iridium satellite connection diagram (office side) ............................... 118 Fig. 64. BGAN satellite modem (logger side) ..................................................... 119

11 Fig. 65. Satellite: BGAN....................................................................................... 120 Fig. 66. Direct COM terminals: 44 and 43 ........................................................... 120 Fig. 67. Iridium satellite connection diagram (logger side) .............................. 121 Fig. 68. Direct COM terminals: 44 and 43 ........................................................... 121 Fig. 69. Logger display: logger showing “GSM” ................................................ 123 Fig. 70. Logger display: status > modem > e04 (logger online) ........................ 123 Fig. 71. Modem status codes list ........................................................................ 124 Fig. 72. Selection of Modbus variables to be transmitted ................................ 127 Fig. 73. Example of Modbus variables addresses ............................................. 128 Fig. 74. Several loggers using a shared communication line ........................... 129 Fig. 75. ModScan configuration (Office test for Mobdus RTU) ......................... 132 Fig. 76. Example configuration for Modbus TCP ............................................... 135

12 List of tables Table 1. Orbit 360 terminals grouping .................................................................. 38 Table 2. Orbit 360 terminal description ................................................................ 44 Table 3. Electrical specifications: inputs .............................................................. 47 Table 4. Operating temperature range ................................................................. 47 Table 5. Keypad key functions .............................................................................. 68 Table 6. Display: battery status ............................................................................ 70 Table 7. Display: communication status .............................................................. 71 Table 8. Logger status: Error code number .......................................................... 79 Table 9. Configuration: Modem types .................................................................. 87 Table 10. Configuration: Modbus RTU .................................................................... 89 Table 11. Modbus RTU types and baudrates3941 ................................................ 129 Table 12. Typical Modbus configuration .............................................................. 131

13 List of acronyms APN: Access Point Name BGAN: Broadband Global Area Network CPU: Central Processing Unit CSD: Circuit Switch Data ESD: Electrostatic Discharge FW: Firmware FSM: Finite State Machine HW: Hardware GPRS: General Packet Radio Service GSM: Global System Mobile IP: Internet Protocol IRDM: Iridium LED: Light-Emitting Diode LNS: Logger Name Server PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network SMS: Short Message System USB: Universal Serial Bus UTC: Coordinated Universal Time V: Volts WGS 84: World Geodetic System 1984 WRA: Wind Resource Assessment

14 1 General user information Thank you for purchasing the Orbit 360. Our toughest and smartest data logger as of today. Designed for industry professionals in wind & solar resource assessment. Kintech Engineering products are in continuous development. Specifications may be subject to change and design improvements. We invite you to sign up to our newsletter and get the latest news and important updates about the Orbit 360 data loggers and other Kintech products. 1.1 Contact information If you have any questions about the use of the Orbit 360 data logger please have a look at this user manual. If you cannot find answer to your question in this user manual please feel free to contact either our main office or your contact person in Kintech Engineering for assistance. To find the contact information for your contact person in Kintech Engineering you can go to: https://www.kintech-engineering.com/about/ You may also contact us for technical support through our online chat from our website www.kintech-engineering.com MAIN OFFICE SPAIN Phone number: +34 976 221 789 Our office hours: Monday-Friday: 8:30 to 18:00 h (GMT+1). Technical support email: [email protected] Spain C/Anselmo Clavé, 37-45 50004 Zaragoza, Spain [email protected] Tel: +34 976 221 789 Chile El Tepual, 7974 Comuna de cerrillos Santiago de Chile, Chile [email protected] Tel: +56 2 2886 1810 Romania Stefan Octavian Iosif nr 28 ap.9 Timisoara, Romania [email protected] Tel: +40 741999922

15 India Office no. 516/517, Rama Equator, Morwadi Road, Near City International School, Pimpri – 411018, Maharashtra, India. [email protected] +91 8421049890 Mexico Paseo de la Reforma 107 desp 801 Colonia tabacalera D.f c.p 06030, Cuauhtemoc, Mexico [email protected] China Gongtinanlu A1-B, Cervantes Institute Building, 5th FL. Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 北京市朝阳区工人体育场南路甲1-2号 塞万提斯学院大厦5层 [email protected] Tel: +86 185 0070 9109 Brazil Rua Loureiro Batista, 35 CEP 04019-120 Vila Mariana – São Paulo – SP [email protected] Tel: + 55 11 2639.7598 Turkey Ankara cd, 81 Bayrakli Tower k: 16 d: 102 35535 Bayrakli, izmir, Turkey [email protected] Tel: +90 232 388 3000 Korea 28, Digital-ro 30-gil, Mario Tower #1214 Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, Republic of Korea [email protected] Tel: +82 70 4417 4001 1.2 Warranty and liability All Kintech data loggers pass through a strict quality control to ensure their correct functioning. Every input and output is tested with an automatic quality control system that emulates the same signals generated by real sensors. The results of the quality control are delivered in paper together with the logger. Kintech Engineering guarantees that the product delivered has been verified and tested to ensure that it meets the published specifications. In case of any manufacturing defect, the product will be repaired or replaced within the first 24 months after the delivery date. The warranty will not apply if the equipment has been modified or altered without authorization from Kintech Engineering or if the damage is caused by improper installation, intentional damages or external influences e.g. lightning exposure, heavy icing condition or mechanical stress due to inadequate handling. It also excludes, and Kintech Engineering shall not be liable for, any incidental or consequential damages caused by or related to the use of, inability to use or malfunction of this product. Kintech Engineering does not reimburse expenses incurred for the repair or the reinstallation of the equipment and does not accept any responsibility for any damage caused by the above mentioned points.

16 Remark: For the transport of device, please use the original packing. 1.3 About this user manual Copyrights reserved by Kintech Engineering. Making copies of whole or parts of this document without permission from Kintech is prohibited. Should you have any comments on the product or this manual we will be pleased to receive them at: [email protected]. 1.4 Product disposal In accordance with European directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), these product components must be recycled. This should be done by returning the product to Kintech Engineering or by using an appropriate waste disposal company. This product should not be disposed of in general waste of landfill. 1.5 Getting help If you have any questions about your Orbit 360 data logger or any other Kintech products we encourage you to first have a look at the product documentation available in kintech-engineering.com. If you cannot find the answer, contact your closest Kintech office from the listed in section 1.1. When possible, the most effective way to provide technical support is via email. When asking for technical support, please provide in advance the following information and files:  Customer name.

17  Serial number of the product.  Detailed description of the problem, including the events that took place leading up to the issue.  The settings exported file (.sit file).  When sending us downloaded data you would like us to analyze, please provide the .log file (raw data), the .txt file (metadata about the logger events and the download), together with the .sit file. Please be aware that any failure to comply with the above list will hamper troubleshooting.

18 2 Introduction At Kintech Engineering we develop and manufacture segment leading data acquisition systems and sensors for wind & solar resource assessment. Our systems are used globally by industry professionals to acquire high accuracy data for optimal project development. The Orbit 360 data logger is an evolution on our already proven logger technology (used since the year 2000). Beside it being easier than ever to configure and install, it brings several new significant features for more flexibility and for even further enhanced reliability. The Orbit 360 data logger is designed for industry professionals who is looking for a “top of the class” data logger specifically intended for wind & solar resource assessment. The Orbit 360 includes a new Ethernet port and is now fully compatible with RS485 smart sensors. Reliability and usability are key elements for a successful measurement campaign. Which is why Orbit 360 includes expanded redundant memory, fail-safe power plug and a new powerful internal lithium backup battery that, in combination with the new “smart power management”, ensure “emergency” autonomy for up to 100 days when the external power supply is interrupted. The technology in use combined with our expertise in advanced technical support, as well as our comprehensive understanding of anemometry makes for a compelling product offering and a segment leading solution for our international customers. The Orbit 360 data logger is tested by a strict quality control system throughout the production process, including all its modules, inputs and outputs. The SD memory card is delivered by default and is industrial grade, very robust and appropriate for harsh environments. The SD card has been tested and is blank (except otherwise specified by the client) and contains no saved information or any initial set up. We thank you for trusting Kintech Engineering products.

19 2.1 About Orbit 360 The Orbit 360 data logger currently include three models: each with different capabilities. The below table summarizes what features every model has. Basic Plus Premium Frequency channels (pulse counters) 10 10 Analog channels (voltage) 15 15 RS485 connectivity (for digital instruments) N/A 6 + 8 Total channels 25 39 Virtual channels (for digital instruments) N/A 14 Alarms and actuators N/A ☺ Ethernet port N/A ☺ Integrated Modbus RTU (RS485) N/A ☺ Integrated Modbus TCP (Ethernet) N/A ☺ Atlas Mobile App N/A ☺ Averaging time 1, 5, 10 1, 5, 10 Internal backup memory (>100 days) ☺ ☺ High capacity internal backup batteries ☺ ☺

20 Global Internet SIM card available ☺ ☺ 2G/3G built-in modem ☺ ☺ GPS ☺ ☺ 2.1.1 Orbit 360 Basic Plus The Orbit 360 Basic Plus is our “mid-range” data logger model and can be used for some projects where there is no requirement for digital sensors or new features such as the alarms and actuators, connection to SCADA via Modbus RTU or Modbus TCP, Atlas Mobile App, which are not available in this model. Frequency channels available on the Orbit 360 Basic Plus: Channels 1 to 10. Analog channels available on the Orbit 360 Basic Plus: Channels 1 to 15. 2.1.2 Orbit 360 Premium This is our Premium data logger with all the latest features from valuable feedback from our customers including RS485 connectivity, virtual channels to connect up to 14 digital instruments, alarms and actuators, connection to SCADA via Modbus RTU or Modbus TCP, Atlas Mobile etc. are only available on this Orbit 360 Premium model. Frequency channels available on the Orbit 360 Premium: Channels 1 to 10. Analog channels available on the Orbit 360 Premium: Channels 1 to 15. 2.2 Order options and accessories The following section describe the order options currently available for the Orbit 360 data logger. There are currently two (2) different models of the Orbit 360 data logger: Basic Plus and Premium. The Basic Plus model can be upgraded remotely to Premium by our team.

21 To upgrade a data logger please contact our technical support team. Included in the box with every Orbit 360 data logger:  Orbit 360 data logger (Basic Plus or Premium).  GSM antenna (2.6 meter cable).  GPS antenna (1.5 meter cable).  SD memory card (can be pre-configured on request).  One screwdriver.  A complete set of removable terminal plugs (13 in total).  Internal backup battery (can be removed on request).  4 removable support brackets (already installed on logger). Fig. 1. Included items along with the Orbit 360 data logger

22 Optional items:  Global Internet SIM card.  Extra backup batteries. 2.2.1 Data loggers Item description Order code Orbit 360 Basic Plus (25 channels). See section 2.1.1. LOORBITBSCP Orbit 360 Premium (39 channels). See section 2.1.2. LOORBIT Upgrade from Orbit 360 Basic Plus to Premium LOUPBSP 2.2.2 Kintech SIM cards Having trouble getting local SIM cards that offer internet connection to your data loggers? Do you have unpredictable budgets for communication costs? Problems getting contracts with local GSM operators? Projects in several different countries? Because of the extensive number of our customers with wind & solar measurement campaigns in several different countries, we know the difficulties to acquire local SIM cards with the optimal settings and local GPRS / 3G coverage. The need for a more effective way to handle this has motivated our engineers to come up with a solution for a single SIM card that offers internet connection to your data loggers and works in practically all countries worldwide. A single SIM card that checks for all the available local GPRS / 3G signals and automatically connects to the operator with the best coverage. This has in many cases demonstrated to improve and simplify communications compared to conventional SIM cards that just work with a single operator.

23 Benefits with our new Global Internet SIM card:  Internet connection to all your data loggers.  One solution for all your sites.  Automatically checks for best local GSM operator.  No more talking to your local GSM provider.  Cost effective. No monthly data plans. Fixed yearly costs. Note: When placing your PO (purchase order) with us please mention that you would like have this SIM card included with your order. Sales conditions may vary. Fig. 2. Global Internet SIM Card The Kintech Engineering Global Internet SIM card is only and exclusively for use with data loggers manufactured by Kintech Engineering including EOL Zenith and Orbit 360. CONFIGURATION When configuring your Orbit 360 data logger in Atlas, use the following parameters for this SIM card: APN name: m2mkt.movistar.es APN Username: kintech APN Password: kintech

24 If you are using our discontinued SIM card - purchased before Dec. 2016, please contact us directly on: [email protected] 3 Quick start The following section describe the essential steps in order to configure an Orbit data logger. 3.1 How to get an Atlas license / Atlas software Please contact us on [email protected] to get the Atlas software and valid license. 3.2 System requirements Operating System: Atlas is supported on Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows XP with .NET Framework version 4.6.2 or later version installed. MMC card reader: You need an MMC card reader for accessing the data on the MMC card from your PC and for configuring your data loggers with their settings. Telephone connection or Internet access: If you are planning to connect to the data logger via a telephone MODEM or Internet*. * We recommend connecting to the data logger via an internet connection. However, you can connect via a modem as well. 3.3 How to setup your Orbit data logger All the settings for Orbit data logger are stored in a file with .sit extension. This configuration file is created by using Atlas. When the configuration is done, upload the configuration file to the data logger.

25 3.3.1 Main dashboard Go to the left side Menu > New site. This opens up a window. Select the data logger model and type its serial number. Then the Site window will be open. Configure all the settings for the first Orbit data logger. There is an option to import an already prepared configuration file (.sit). Go to the left side Menu > Import sites and select the file to import. 3.3.2 General settings Set the identification name and number for this site in order to make it easier to organize all the future wind measurement sites. Choose the language to display in the data logger, fulfill the general and tower info, type notes, etc. 3.3.3 Channels settings Setup all the sensors that are going to be connected to Orbit data logger as well as the data (Max., Min., Std. dev.) to be collected from each sensor. For now, choose the standard slope and offset, and later, adjust these values to the real values given on the individual calibration certificates. 3.3.4 Communication settings Select the connection type and password of the data logger. 1. Internet: Fulfill the fields in case of using a different SIM M2M from Kintech. Otherwise leave the default configuration. 2. Select the passwords for accessing the data logger. 3.3.5 Scheduled download settings Atlas can download data automatically. Select “Atlas should automatically connect to the logger and download data” and set the date and time for the next download. In the timetable below the upcoming events for auto download are shown.

26 3.4 Upload settings The configuration of the first Orbit data logger now has been done. A .sit file has been created on Atlas and this file must be stored in the SD memory card (this SD card is later inserted in the data logger). There are two ways to upload the configuration file to the SD memory card: 3.4.1 SD memory card inserted into the PC 1. Insert the SD memory card in the computer’s MMC card reader. Go to Site window > Connections > Upload Settings or in the Atlas dashboard, right click on the data logger and select “Upload Settings”. 2. Choose the option “SD Card” and click the “Start” button. A new window comes up and choose the MMC card unit. Remarks: 1. MMC SD operations will work only if Atlas is launched with administrative privileges. 2. The logger must be OFF at the moment the SD cards is inserted, otherwise, the logger will ignore the new configuration and it will actually overwrite the MMC configuration with the one the logger is currently working with. 3. Configuring the SD card in this way overwrites existing data on the memory SD card. 3.4.2 SD card inserted into the data logger If the data logger is turned ON and already communicating, please upload settings remotely via internet.

27 1. Go to Site window > Connections > Upload Settings or in the Atlas dashboard, right click on a logger and select “Upload Settings”. Make sure the SD card is correctly inserted into the data logger. 2. Choose the option Internet and click the “Start” button. 3. Atlas will now upload the .sit file to the data logger volatile memory. 4. Orbit will store these settings on the next 1/5/10 minute recording. If the data logger is powered off before the next recording the uploaded settings will be lost. 3.5 How to operate Orbit data logger in field Before installing the Orbit data logger in field, make sure that all settings are correct and that the e.g. internet connection has been thoroughly tested. 1. Install the data logger inside a weatherproof cabinet. Connect all the sensor cables to the data logger terminals. Keep a maximum clearance between the GSM antenna cable and sensor cables. Do not connect the battery to the 12V terminal yet. 2. Make sure that all the grounding shields from the sensors are thoroughly connected to ground. 3. Make sure the SD memory card is correctly inserted. The card is inserted gently with the metal connectors facing towards the right. Press the bezel down until you hear a “click”. The memory only has one possible position when inserted. Forcing the card may damage the internal connector of the logger or the card itself. 4. Check that all sensors are connected correctly. 5. Power on the data logger by connecting the orange battery plug into the data logger. 6. The data logger will now load the settings in the SD memory card and immediately start logging data. The display turns off automatically after a short while.

28 3.6 How to download data from an Orbit data logger If Atlas is configured to automatically download data from the data logger, go directly to Site window > Others > Data management and check the data. If it is not possible to wait for the automatically programmed download, there is an option to download data directly at any time “Download Now”. 1. Go to Site window > Connections > Download now or in the Atlas dashboard, right click on a logger and select “Download now”. 2. Assuming the data logger status is “ONLINE” mark the “Internet”. 3. Click the “Start Button.” 4. The PC now connects to the data logger and downloads data directly. How to do a Real Time connection to an Orbit data logger If it is need to check the well-functioning of the Orbit data logger installed in field, there is an option to do a real time connection, “Real time”. 1. Go to Site window > Connections > Real time or in the Atlas dashboard, right click on a logger and select “Real time”. 2. Assuming the data logger status is “ONLINE” mark the “Internet”. 3. Click the “Start Button.” 4. The PC now connects to the data logger and a new window will be opened. 5. Do not forget to Stop the connection when finish checking real time data.

29 4 System overview The following section describe the essential of the Orbit 360 data logger. 4.1 Orbit 360 data logger The Orbit 360 data logger has the capacity to connect up to 10 frequency/pulses sensors, 15 voltage/potentiometer sensors and 24 RS485 sensors. The sampling rate is 1 Hz, complying with IEC 61400-12. Using the one-second data samples, the logger calculates the mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of the averaging interval (user-configurable to 1, 5 and 10 minutes). Once calculated, the data is stored in its non-volatile memory (SD card). Fig. 3. Where to find Orbit 360 serial number 4.2 General aspects This section describes general aspects of the Orbit 360 data logger.

30 4.2.1 Sampling rate The Orbit 360 data logger has the capacity to connect up to 10 anemometers or pulse- type sensors and 15 general-purpose analog channels. Every channel is sampled at a rate of 1Hz, complying with IEC 61400-12. Using these records, the logger calculates the mean value, the standard deviation, as well as the minimum and maximum of the period. 4.2.2 Averaging period and timestamp Averaging period can be configured to 1, 5 or 10 minutes, the recordings are timestamped at the end of the period. For instance, provided that the logger is configured to 10-min averaging intervals, it will calculate the average and all the other statistical data every minutes 00, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 of every hour. Let’s say the time is 00:20:00, at that moment the logger will calculate the average of the 600 readings between 00:10:00 and 00:20:00. 4.2.3 Basics about data management for Kintech loggers Before configuring the first Kintech data logger it is need to know how the overall data management works: 1. The .sit file (configuration file) needs to be uploaded to the data logger through Atlas and not by copying the file to the SD card. 2. Atlas downloads the encrypted .log file from the data logger. The .log file contains all the raw data (volts and hertzs stored from all the sensors connected to the data logger). 3. Atlas then automatically converts the .log file into .wnd file and .txt file using the active logger configuration file (also stored in Atlas).

31 Fig. 4. Understanding the data management system How does Atlas convert the .log file? When a data logger is set up in Atlas, the slope and offset are typed for the sensors that were going to be connected to that data logger. Atlas uses those slopes and offsets to convert the .log file. It’s that simple. Atlas also keeps a history of all the modifications in logger configurations. Why is that important? Well, say for example an anemometer has been replaced on one of the met masts two weeks ago. It is possible then to modify the configuration file in Atlas and manually convert/decode the last two weeks’ raw data (the .log file) into new .wnd files. 4.2.4 Configuration changes becoming effective Just when the logger receives the configuration from Atlas, it’s stored in RAM (temporal volatile memory) and applied immediately. However, the configuration will not be stored in the SD card (permanent, non-volatile memory) until the next 10 minutes period. If the logger is switched off before that 10 minutes period, the configuration will be lost and will have to be uploaded again from Atlas. 4.2.5 Logger reset The Orbit 360 data logger has no reset button. To reset, just disconnect the battery power (the system keeps configuration and data in the internal memory).

32 If the data logger has internal emergency battery, this should also be disconnected or the keys combination pressed as shown in the data logger display when the battery power gets disconnected. Just after the logger is turned on, the time and date of the recordings will be the one maintained by the internal RTC. Eventually that time and date will be updated as soon as the Orbit’s GPS syncs once again. 4.2.6 Internal tilt sensor The .txt report shows the tilt of the data logger, allowing for detecting met mast collapses. Provided the usual logger installation inside the cabinet, a 90º value means that the met mast is still standing. 4.3 Component map Fig. 5. Orbit 360 component map

33 4.3.1 Display Thanks to the 128x44 LCD display of the Orbit 360 data logger, the user can access the information of the connected sensors, the time and date of the logger, the communication status, the coverage or signal intensity, or the system status (for example, the supply voltage). Sometimes, the logger itself displays warning messages with important information about an event or process. In order to save energy, the display will automatically switch off after three minutes since the latest access to the keypad. To switch it on again, press any key of the keypad. 4.3.2 Keypad The keypad is used to access the logger menus and to select or validate new configuration parameters. There are also some key combinations that do specific tasks and are described in their correspondent chapters. 4.3.3 LED indicators The Orbit 360 features three LED indicators, located at the right of the SIM card slot. 4.3.3.1 Modem (red LED)  LED indicator is off: the modem has no power.  LED indicator is steady: the modem is on but is not able to register on the network due to wrong PIN, no signal or incorrect configuration.  LED indicator is blinking: the modem is correctly registered in the network and waiting for communication. 4.3.3.2 CPU (green LED)  LED blinks once per second to indicate the CPU is running.  LED indicator is steady when the display is ON.

34 4.3.3.3 GPS (blue LED)  LED indicator is blinking: the logger has already obtained GPS fix and updated its, coordinates, date and time accordingly. 4.3.4 External battery The Orbit 360 data logger works with an external battery. We recommend using a flotation (back-up) sealed lead-acid battery (12 VDC). This kind of battery has no maintenance and can be transported in any orientation. Fig. 6. External battery connector There are different consumption requirements according to the station configuration, so there is no universal power supply system solution that fits every station. There are several factors affecting the station consumption: hardware, communication mode, sensors… For instance, satellite modem consumption is two times higher than GSM, also, sites with low signal need more transmission power during telemetry sessions. The number of telemetry sessions a week or the number and type of sensors may influence as well. Other factors affecting electrical generation are latitude, solar radiation of the site and panel orientation. We recommend using batteries of at least 24Ah, having that way up to 2 months autonomy without be recharged. Solar regulator and battery should be inside the same weather proof enclosure that protects the logger. The solar regulator must be installed just next to the battery because its charge control function depends on the battery temperature: this means that the temperature of the regulators should be as close to the battery temperature as possible.

35 4.3.5 Grounding terminal The GND terminal is designed to be connected to a grounding cable. You must use a different grounding cable ended in a different grounding rod than the grounding connected to the Franklin spike for lightning protection. Failure to comply with this will expose the logger to lightening damage. The wire must be made of copper and with an appropriate section. The grounding rod should have the minimal resistance to the earth. Depending on the soil resistance a special grounding installation (net) should be considered. 4.3.6 Modem The Orbit 360 data logger has an internal quad-band GSM-GPRS modem that works worldwide. For CDMA or satellite communications an external modem is used, the modem is connected to the loggers’ External COM port. The GSM antenna must be connected to the antenna connector shown below: Fig. 7. GPS and GSM antenna connectors 4.3.7 GPS The Orbit 360 data logger has an internal GPS. The GPS antenna must be connected to the antenna connector shown in Fig. 7. The logger updates its time and date using standard UTC time provided by the GPS. Every date, time and coordinates update is included in the download reports (.txt files generated at every download).

36 4.3.8 RTC The logger features an internal “Real Time Clock/Calendar” that keeps the date and time updated when the data logger is disconnected from power supply. 4.3.9 TCP connector This port is used to connect the data logger to a Modbus TCP SCADA. Fig. 8. Ethernet port of the Orbit 360 data logger 4.3.10 MMC card slot The logger works with an external SD/MMC memory. The MMC memory should be inserted in the “Memory” slot. Card should be inserted softly with metal contacts facing the logger display (facing right) and the trimmed corner first (facing downwards) till a “click” sound is produced (then the card moves slightly backwards). There is just one way to insert the MMC card; do not force it or damage can be produced. The memory is supplied together with the logger. Even though the logger is compatible with most SD/MMC memory cards up to 4 GB memory capacity, we strongly recommend using the supplied memory. HC memories are not supported. Take into account that 1GB of capacity can store more than 20 years of wind data.

37 4.3.11 SIM card slot The SIM card should be inserted in the “Sim Card” slot. The card should be inserted softly with metal contacts facing right (opposite to “Sim Card” text) and the trimmed corner first (facing downwards) until a “click” sound is produced (then the card moves slightly backwards). There is just one way to insert the SIM card; do not force it or damages can be produced. 4.4 Logger terminals The Orbit 360 data logger features 92 removable terminals for convenient interfacing with the rest of elements present on the met mast. In addition, the logger includes a fail- safe 3-terminal orange plug to connect the external power supply. Every single terminal block is labeled in the bottom part with a letter ranging from A to L, in alphabetical order, to further facilitate the work on the field. Fig. 9. Orbit 360 removable terminals Fig. 9 shows the 92 logger terminals:  External COM Port (RS232) used for:  CDMA or satellite modem.  Radio-modem.  Direct PC to logger connection.  3 RS485 buses (logger is Master).  RS485 Modbus (logger is Slave).

38  10 Frequency channels.  15 Analog channels.  6 Output channels used for:  “External battery” V discontinuous power.  Alarm outputs.  1 terminal with 2.5V continuous supply.  4 terminals with 5V discontinuous power (white circles).  13 terminals with “External battery” voltage continuous power, labeled with ‘+’ symbol (red circles).  23 terminals for reference connection, labeled with ‘-‘ symbol  10 terminals with 5V continuous power, labeled with ‘5V’ symbol (blue circles). The terminals are grouped according to Table 1. Terminal group Terminal range Description Frequency Channels 1 to 30 Frequency sensor connection area Modbus 31 to 32 Modbus RTU over RS485 RS485 33 to 42 RS485 sensor connection area Ext. Com 43 to 46 External modem connection area Analog Channels 47 to 92 Analog sensor connection area Table 1. Orbit 360 terminals grouping

39 Fig. 10. Orbit 360 terminal map drawing The complete terminal description can be consulted on Table 2. Terminal # Label Function Details 1 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 2 1 Sensor signal Input channel 1 (freq. / pulses) 3 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply limited to 40mA for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 4 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 5 2 Sensor signal Input channel 2 (freq. / pulses) 6 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 7 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 8 3 Sensor signal Input channel 3 (freq. / pulses) 9 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 10 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 11 4 Sensor signal Input channel 4 (freq. / pulses) 12 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 13 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference

40 14 5 Sensor signal Input channel 5 (freq. / pulses) 15 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 16 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 17 6 Sensor signal Input channel 6 (freq. / pulses) 18 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 19 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 20 7 Sensor signal Input channel 7 (freq. / pulses) 21 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 22 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 23 8 Sensor signal Input channel 8 (freq. / pulses) 24 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 25 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 26 9 Sensor signal Input channel 9 (freq. / pulses) 27 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 28 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 29 10 Sensor signal Input channel 10 (freq. / pulses) 30 5V 5V DC supply Continuous power supply for Thies FC, K611P, K620A… 31 A Modbus RTU RS485 data + 32 B Modbus RTU RS485 data - 33 A1 RS485 Bus 1 Data +

41 34 B1 RS485 Bus 1 Data - 35 - Supply(-) Power supply GND 36 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (200 mA) 37 A2 RS485 Bus 2 Data + 38 B2 RS485 Bus 2 Data - 39 - Supply(-) Power supply GND 40 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (200 mA) 41 A3 RS485 Bus 3 Data + 42 B3 RS485 Bus 3 Data - 43 RX Received serial data RS-232 to interface with external modem 44 TX Transmitted serial data RS-232 to interface with external modem 45 - Supply(-) Power supply GND 46 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12 mA) 47 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 48 1 Sensor signal Input channel 1 (voltage) 49 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12 mA) 50 5 5V discontinuous supply Discontinuous power supply for potentiometric wind vanes, K307T… 51 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 52 2 Sensor signal Input channel 2 (voltage) 53 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 54 5 5V discontinuous supply Discontinuous power supply for potentiometric wind vanes, K307T…

42 55 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 56 3 Sensor signal Input channel 3 (voltage) 57 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 58 5 5V discontinuous supply Discontinuous power supply for potentiometric wind vanes, K307T… 59 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 60 4 Sensor signal Input channel 4 (voltage) 61 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 62 5 5V discontinuous supply Discontinuous power supply for potentiometric wind vanes, K307T… 63 2V5 2.5V DC Continuous power supply for Davis pyranometer, propeller anemometer… 64 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 65 5 Sensor signal Input channel 5 (voltage) 66 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 67 o1 Alarm output #1 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer 68 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 69 6 Sensor signal Input channel 6 (voltage) 70 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 71 o2 Alarm output #2 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer

43 72 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 73 7 Sensor signal Input channel 7 (voltage) 74 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 75 o3 Alarm output #3 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer 76 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 77 8 Sensor signal Input channel 8 (voltage) 78 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 79 o4 Alarm output #4 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer 80 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 81 9 Sensor signal Input channel 9 (voltage) 82 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA) 83 o5 Alarm output #5 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer 84 10 Sensor signal Input channel 10 (voltage) 85 11 Sensor signal Input channel 11 (voltage) 86 12 Sensor signal Input channel 12 (voltage) 87 - Sensor GND Sensor supply(-) / signal reference 88 + Supply(+) Battery(+) with current limitation (12mA)

44 89 o6 Alarm output #6 Battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) Discontinuous supply(+) Discontinuous battery(+) with current limitation (2000 mA) for Setra barometer 90 13 Sensor signal Input channel 13 (voltage) 91 14 Sensor signal Input channel 14 (voltage) 92 15 Sensor signal Input channel 15 (voltage) Table 2. Orbit 360 terminal description 4.5 Alarms and actuators The Orbit 360 data logger features 18 x 8 = 144 user-configurable alarms: 16 x 8 = 128 alarms based on single channel measurements of the data logger and 2 x 8 = 16 alarms based upon the difference between the measurements of two channels. These alarms can actuate any of the six outputs of the logger or automatically make the logger send an email or make an alarm call. The outputs of the Orbit 360 can be utilized to, for instance, deactivate the ventilation unit of a pyranometer upon high wind, activate the heating of an anemometer upon a specific temperature range, etc. Average values on frequency channels 1 to 8 and analog channels 1 to 8 can be configured to trigger any of the 8 possible alarm actuations. For each channel, there are two levels that the user must define: a lower limit and an upper limit. Once the Orbit 360 has calculated the average value (refer to section 4.2.2), it will compare the calculated average value with the configured limits for each channel to perform the programmed action. The following comparison options are currently available:  “Minimum”  if the measured value of the logger channel goes below the lower limit level, the alarm/actuator is activated.  “Maximum”  if the measured value of the logger channel exceeds the upper limit, the alarm/actuator is activated.

45  “Minimum with hysteresis”  if the measured value of the logger goes below the lower limit, the alarm/actuator is activated. The alarm/actuator will not be deactivated until the measured value exceeds the upper limit.  “Maximum with hysteresis”  if the measured value of the logger channel exceeds the upper limit, the alarm/actuator is activated. The alarm/actuator will not be deactivated until the measured value goes below the lower limit.  “Out of range”  if the measured value of the logger channel is out of the range defined by the levels, the alarm/actuator is activated.  “Within the range”  if the measured value of the logger channel is within the range defined by the levels, the alarm/actuator is activated. In addition to the above described, any of the six outputs can be activated at certain hours, individually selectable by the user in Atlas. 4.6 Atlas desktop software Atlas is our latest desktop software to manage and connect with the data loggers from Kintech Engineering. The updated workspace in Atlas lets track the entire fleet of data loggers and automate all the “daunting” tasks so it can be focused on key factors that directly influence the overall data quality of the measurement campaign. 4.6.1 Atlas Free Atlas Free has the same functionalities that EOL Manager has plus the availability of managing Orbit 360 data loggers too and some new features such as the optimized connectivity for sites with unreliable GSM connection (smart connection), enhanced sensor status flags with built-in logic, improved real-time connection windows and a new calendar showing daily data availability. 4.6.2 Atlas Professional Atlas Professional includes more advanced new features such as a new 3rd level password for 3rd party decoding, a complete timeline of the site history displaying all

46 the instrument changes, site events and changes to the logger configuration, as well as a world map that shows all the sites are also among the new features in Atlas. For further information, please contact our technical support: support@kintech- engineering.com 4.6.3 Atlas Enterprise The new Atlas framework and the true “game-changer” is that it can be now worked as a team (Enterprise version). Authorized role-based users can now simultaneously access you central Atlas server to supervise individual data loggers with ease and in a coordinated manner. Changes carried out on the Atlas server are instantaneously reflected on all Atlas clients (all your team members). For further information, please contact our technical support: support@kintech- engineering.com 5 Technical specifications 5.1 Operation conditions Description Value Units Comments Operating voltage 12 V (DC) Recommended 6 V (DC) Minimum 5.2 Absolute maximum ratings Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

47 Terminal(s) Parameter Value Units Power Input Vi max. Maximum input voltage 36 V Vi min. Minimum input voltage -40 V Frequency 1-10 Vi max. Maximum input voltage 5 V Vi min. Minimum input voltage -0.3 V Analog 1-15 Vi max. Maximum input voltage 5 V Vi min. Minimum input voltage -0.3 V RS485 Vi max. Maximum input voltage 10.5 V Vi min. Minimum input voltage -10.5 V Ext. Com Vi max. Maximum input voltage 13.2 V Vi min. Minimum input voltage -13.2 V Table 3. Electrical specifications: inputs Parameter Value Units Max. operating temperature 70 ºC Min. operating temperature -40 ºC Table 4. Operating temperature range

48 5.3 Technical specifications: outputs Terminal(s) Parameter Value Units 5V Desc. 5V DC power supply for Thies FC, K611P… - - Vo Nominal output voltage 5 V Ilim Output current limiting 40 mA Io Maximum operative output current 10 mA 5V Desc. 5V discontinuous power supply for potentiometer wind vanes, K307TH… - - Vo Nominal output voltage 5 V Ilim Output current limiting 40 mA Io Maximum operative output current 10 mA f Pulse frequency 1 Hz ton Time ON 60 ms 2V5 Desc. 2.5V discontinuous power supply for Gill Propeller anemometer, pyranometers… - - Vo Nominal output voltage 2.5 V Ilim Output current limiting 27 mA

49 Io Maximum operative output current 10 mA f Pulse frequency 1 Hz ton Time ON 60 ms +(Analog) Desc. Bat+ voltage DC for Galltec, Thies TMR… - - Vo Nominal output voltage * V Ilim Output current limiting 12.5 mA Io Maximum operative output current 10 mA o1 to o6 Desc. Actuators (alarm-based/hourly configurable) - - Vo Nominal output voltage * V Ilim Output current limiting 2 A Io Maximum operative output current 2 A +(RS485) Desc. Bat+ voltage DC for Geovanes, Thies 3D… - - Vo Nominal output voltage * V Ilim Output current limiting 200 mA Io Maximum operative output current 120 mA +(Ext. COM) Desc. Bat+ voltage DC for Iridium or BGAN modems - -

50 Vo Nominal output voltage * V Ilim Output current limiting 2.5 A Io Maximum operative output current 2.5 A *The output voltage will be equal to the voltage on the power supply terminals. 5.4 Technical specifications: input channels 5.4.1 Frequency / Counters channels The Orbit 360 data logger frequency inputs channels capture and count every single pulse present on its terminals. As the capture is attended through an interrupt service routine, all pulses are captured and processed at any moment, regardless the task the data logger is performing when the pulse arrives. The number of physical channels available on each logger depends on the commercial model chosen. Every time the voltage on the frequency input channel, passes from below to above a specific voltage level the data logger will capture the event as a pulse. Therefore, the compatible signals can be a voltage square wave, sinusoidal or any other waveform that has a high and low level above and below the threshold voltage. The threshold voltage level for each channel is preprogrammed in the data logger according to the type of sensor configured for that frequency channel on the data logger settings. The frequency input channels are provided with varistor and diode overvoltage protection, for short duration electrostatic discharges typically arriving from lightning strikes. The effectiveness of the protection is extremely sensitive to the grounding conditions (refer to sections 4.3.5 and 6.3). Following the protections, there is a second- order low-pass filter with 3KHz cut-off frequency. The filters should attenuate noise interference like those coming from electrical lines, RF antennas or other instruments. It is critical to use shielded cables with the shield properly connected at one end.

51 Once per second, the Orbit 360 data logger performs the following tasks: 1. Update the storage interval counter by adding the last second pulse count. 2. Associate the number of pulses that arrived during the last second to that ‘one second sample’. 3. Calculate the ‘One second reading’ by applying standard slope and offset for display, real time and Modbus. 4. Calculate the sliding average over the last seconds interval set up in the ‘gust interval’ parameter, typically 3 seconds for wind assessment. Compare it with the currently highest and lowest over the present recording interval. Refresh the highest and lowest if it goes beyond them. At the end of the storage interval, the standard deviation is calculated from the one second samples. Depending on the type of sensor configured for the frequency input channel on logger settings, a pre-scaling factor of 16 is applied to the total number of pulses that arrived along the recording interval stored on data logger’s memory. The 16 pre-scaling factor applied increases the range of pulse count along the recording interval. Considering that the pulse count is stored in a 16-bit register, the average frequency in a ten minutes interval ranges from 0 to 1747.6Hz (16 ∙(65535 600 ⁄ )). In general, frequency sensor types above 20 have this prescaling factor applied. The prescaling only affects to the total counter but not to maximum, minimum or standard deviation. The pre-scaled count, maximum, minimum and standard deviation are stored in the SD card memory. Remark: Instrument specific calibration, typically used for anemometers after a wind tunnel test, is not used for stored raw data. The software will apply slope and offset from software site settings at decoding time to obtain the output data files.

52 When the software is decoding the raw data stored from the logger, depending on the type of instrument set up in the software site settings, it will convert from the total number of pulses to hertz by dividing it by the storage interval duration. For types of instruments like precipitation sensors or water counters, the software will use the total number of pulses rather than frequency. When the sensor type configured on the logger settings is an associated digital serial input data, the origin of the data is not the pulse count from its associated input channel terminal but the corresponding field from its associated digital serial input instrument telegram. The number of physical channels available on each logger depends on the commercial model chosen. The following table is a summary of the frequency channel characteristics.

53 Property / Description Value Comments Number of physical channels 10 Basic Plus 10 Premium Number of virtual channels (RS485 sensors) 0 Basic Plus 6 Premium Resolution 16 Bits <0.01 m/s wind speed (avg.) 0.05 m/s Gust 0.01 m/s Std. deviation Voltage Threshold 1.5V Default (Hertz’s) *auto 80mV to 2.5V Input Resistance 220 kΩ Frequency range 0 to 2 kHz *The voltage threshold is automatically set according to the signal characteristics of the configured sensor. 5.4.2 Analog channels The Orbit 360 data logger reads the analog input channels through its 12-bit analog to digital converters. In turn, this provides a 0.025% resolution throughout its 0 to 5V range.

54 The analog input channels are equipped with varistor and diode overvoltage protection for short duration electrostatic discharges typically arriving from lightning strikes. The effectiveness of the protection is extremely sensitive to the grounding conditions (refer to sections 4.3.5 and 6.3). Following the protections, a low pass filter attenuates noise interference like those typically coming from electrical lines, RF antennas or other instruments. It is critical to use shielded cables with the shield properly connected at one end. In order to reduce the data logger power consumption, the power supply of internal electronics and power supply terminals is switched off immediately after the readings. Consequently, the input impedance on the analog input terminals is low while the electronics are powered off. User should employ available standard sensors with wiring guidelines to assure appropriate impedance coupling, wiring and power supply of data logger and sensor. Power supply is applied around 30ms before starting the readings of analog input channels. Remark: Due to the data logger discontinuous power supply of the internal electronics and supply terminals, external voltmeter readings could show wrong readings. Set mode 2 temporarily to activate continuous supply and be able to check voltage on logger terminal with a voltmeter. The number of physical channels available on each logger depends on the commercial model chosen. The following table is a summary of the analog channel characteristics: Property / Description Specification Comments Number of physical channels 15 Basic Plus 15 Premium

55 Number of virtual channels (RS485 sensors) 0 Basic Plus 8 Premium Internal resolution 12* Bits 1.2 mV Wind vane resolution 10 Bits 0.35 ° Input resistance >1 GΩ Voltage range 0 to 5V DC signals *16-bit version available upon request. 5.5 Communication / Protocols The Orbit 360 data logger is provided with an internal internet modem with global connectivity, i.e. compatible with GSM operators worldwide. In addition to the internal modem, the Orbit 360 is provided with an external communication port, compatible with Iridium, Inmarsat and direct communications. If the site where you plan to perform wind or solar resource assessment is without a GSM signal, satellite communication is most likely the best option. Kintech Engineering offers two alternative satellite solutions, Iridium and BGAN. For both the Iridium and the BGAN Satellite Module we include all the hardware, firmware and software components to communicate to the loggers. Depending on the logger modem type settings, the data logger will switch the power supply and communication to internal modem or external port.

56 The following table is a summary of Orbit 360 capabilities regarding communications: Property / Description Specification Comments Number of RS485 buses (logger master) 0 Basic Plus 3 Premium Ethernet for BGAN / Modbus TCP (logger slave) N/A Basic Plus 1 Premium Modbus RTU over RS485 (logger slave) N/A Basic Plus 1 Premium Data retrieval Remote (24h access) GSM/GPRS, BGAN satellite (Internet), IRDM satellite, CSD call local Removable SD card, RS-232 email Daily email from logger Real time (24h access) Internet / Satellite / CSD call Atlas Desktop Android APP (Internet) Atlas Mobile

57 5.6 Data collection and storage Property / Description Specification Comments Sampling Rate 1 Hz Recording interval 1, 5, 10 Minutes Timestamp GPS (UTC) Synchronization and geolocation Statistical values Average, Std. Dev., Min., Max. All channels 30 sec. turbulence intensity FRQ1 and FRQ2 Gust 1, 2, 3, 4… 15 Seconds Main data storage Removable SD card >20 years of data Backup data storage Internal memory Approx. 100 days of data Security Data encryption and digital signature with GPS coordinates Always Password protection User-configurable Access control Remote connections, keypad access, etc.

58 5.7 Other specifications 5.7.1 Emergency power saving mode The Orbit 360 data logger features an emergency power saving mode that allows it to extend the time it is capable of logging data in the scenario of encountering power supply issues. When enabled by the user (enabled by default), the logger will enter into this power saving mode whenever the supply voltage from the external power supply drops below 6V. In this power saving mode many features of the logger such as the modem, display, Ethernet, GPS, etc. are switched off. As soon as the external power supply is reestablished and the supply voltage surpass 7V, the logger returns to its normal operation mode. Besides this, for Orbits 360 equipped with internal backup batteries, the logger will automatically switch between external power supply and internal battery, provided that the emergency power saving mode is enabled. 5.7.2 Internal backup batteries The Orbit 360 data logger can be ordered along with internal batteries, whose technical characteristics are described in the table below. Property / Description Specification System Lithium Thionyl Cloride Size C Nominal voltage 7.2V (2x 3.6V with a Schottky diode in series) Capacity 8500mAh

59 The internal batteries are only intended for backup and emergency mode operation in case the external power supply stops working or it is stolen. An external power supply is always required for normal operation. Remark: The only way to turn on the logger once it has been powered off is by means of an external power supply. It cannot be switched on through the internal backup batteries. To turn off Orbit 360 data loggers featuring internal batteries the user must: 1st) Unplug the 3-terminal orange power plug to disconnect the external power supply. 2nd) Follow the instructions on the display and press UP + SET + DOWN to also disconnect the internal power supply. 5.7.3 Physical characteristics Property / Description Specification Comments Dimensions 263x180x88 mm Weight 1.8 kg Display 128x64 pixel resolution LCD Keypad 5 buttons LEDs 3 Modem, GPS, CPU

60 6 Installation The Orbit 360 data logger should be installed inside an electric enclosure or shelter box rated for outdoor use (IP66). Customers can buy the shelter box from any provider or directly to Kintech Engineering. The enclosure will protect against weather and intrusion the data logger, solar charger, battery as well as any other item inside of it. The Orbit 360 data logger has four metallic hanging brackets in the back for simple attachment to the metallic plate of the enclosure. Their orientation with respect to the logger case can be adjusted by means of a screwdriver. Fig. 11. Adjusting the logger hanging brackets The hanging brackets can be placed horizontally, as described in Fig. 12 or vertically, as shown in Fig. 13).

61 Fig. 12. Hanging brackets dimensions (horizontal position) Fig. 13. Hanging brackets dimensions (vertical position)

62 6.1 Preparation All Orbit 360 data-loggers units manufactured by Kintech Engineering pass through strict quality controls to ensure correct functioning. Every input and output is tested with an automatic quality control system that emulates the same signals produced by real sensors. Results are recorded in a quality control data sheet personalized for every unit. All loggers’ telemetry communication modes are also tested before shipping. Before going to the site for installation check everything, settings, inputs and communications, at the office. It is better to find the problems at the office than on field. We recommend carrying an unlocked mobile phone to the site so you can test SIM card settings and signal on site. 6.2 Configuration Before going to the site to install the data logger, it is necessary to configure it according to the sensors, calculation and communication parameters, as described in section 3.4. Failing to do this can lead to problems in the settings as certain settings cannot be modified via keypad. The Orbit 360 settings are stored in the data logger’s external SD card, together with the input channel data. The Orbit 360 data logger reads the settings from the SD card when it is powered on. Changing the SD card while the data logger is powered on, will not make the data logger read the settings from the new SD card but copy the data logger’ settings to the SD card. 6.3 Grounding Metallic tower structures are lightning spikes by its own so it is essential to provide the best ESD and grounding protection to minimize damages. To attract and handle lightning strikes all towers must have a complete lightning protection system including a copper-clad lightning spike, copper ground wire and one or more copper-clad ground rods depending the soil resistivity.

63 It’s recommended to determine the soil type of the installation site and classify its resistivity. The lower the resistivity, the better the earth grounding must be. Soil resistivity depends to soil moisture and temperature (low temperatures mean higher resistivity). The industry standards for grounding are often out of the budget and scope of the met mast for WRA as the cost of adding salt soils, measuring resistivity, etc., would significantly increase the cost for a temporary installation. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the basics of grounding and lightning protection, without going into the subject in depth. The first element of a met mast grounding system is the lightning rod: a copper-clad lightning spike (sometimes a metal spike covered with wolfram to resist the heat of the strike). The spike is to be installed on top of the structure, above sensors installed there. The lightning rod gives effective protection to all elements located inside a 45º degrees cone underneath it. To join the lightning rod to the grounding rod we recommend using at least a 35mm2 copper ground wire. Grounding rods are usually 1,5m long. To ground the Orbit 360 data logger, connect one end of the copper ground wire (usually yellow-green color) to the data logger GND terminal (orange plug) and the other end to an independent grounding spike. If the enclosure is metallic you must also connect the enclosure to the ground wire of the data logger, to do so, all metallic enclosures have a connection screw terminal with the ground symbol on it. Shielded wires must be used for all sensors, the shield helps to minimize electromagnetic interference and provides additional mechanical resistance. If you are installing a considerable amount of sensors it is recommended to connect all shields in an external patch panel and then use a single wire to connect the patch panel to the logger GND terminal.

64 Remark: The data logger GND terminal (to which all the sensors shields must have been previously connected) should always be connected to a separate ground rod and NOT to the lightning rods (Fig. 14). Copper ground wire should be as short as possible and should be installed as straight as possible avoiding loops or angles. Fig. 14. How to ground the logger 6.4 Antennas There are two antennas that come with the Orbit 360 data logger: a GSM antenna (see Fig. 15) and a GPS antenna (Fig. 16). Both of them are strongly magnetized at theis base for ease of installation.

65 Fig. 15. GSM antenna Fig. 16. GPS antenna The antennas must be connected to their corresponding logger connectors, located in the upper right corner of the terminals side of the case (Fig. 17). Fig. 17. Antenna connectors in Orbit 360 Both antennas must be installed out of the shelter box, in vertical position and as far as possible from the tower structure to minimize signal attenuation. 6.5 Sensor connection The Orbit 360 features 92 removable terminals, arranged in such way that cluttered cable connection is avoided. Different sensors produce different types of signal outputs. For your data logger to interpret the sensor signal, the signal output from the sensor must be compatible with the data logger input terminal to which it is connected. Depending on the Orbit 360

66 model, a different number of sensors can be connected its frequency, analog or RS485 channels. All the most common sensors (anemometers, wind vanes, etc.) used in wind & solar resource assessment are compatible with the Orbit 360. Please refer to the online sensor compatibility list for an updated compatibility list. 6.6 Powering on the logger Prior to power on the logger, do all connections and check that all the cables are properly connected. Also check that the memory has been properly set up and inserted. Notice that, like the computers do, the logger performs access to memory for both reading and writing in the power on. If there is a power off during a write access, the memory could get corrupted. To avoid memory corruption, connect the battery terminals with the orange plug connector disconnected. After the battery is connected and cable connectivity is checked, you can connect the orange plug. When plugging and unplugging the orange connector, do it firmly, to avoid misconnection. There is a two seconds timing after powering on the logger to ensure that the voltage stabilizes in all logger circuits. The green light ‘CPU activity’ is on and the display is blank. Afterwards, the logger performs a system auto checking and shows ‘Orbit 360’ and the firmware version on display. After the system auto-checking, the logger accesses the external storage memory to load its configuration. In the memory access, the logger is seeking the last configuration storage and loads it as its current configuration. Then it gets the date and time from the internal RTC. If the RTC doesn’t work properly, the logger seeks the last input data recording and then it loads the date and time from there. During this process, the logger shows ‘Loading’, followed by the higher part of the memory address and the ‘Site Name’ loaded from the configuration. In the following line, it shows the estimated number of days stored on memory. In the last line, it shows the status that the logger had before being powered off. If there is no memory connected to the logger when it is powered on, it will wait for a while for the memory to be inserted, for going on with its logging tasks.

67 If for whatever reason, the logger cannot find the proper settings in the external memory, it will show the ‘Corrupt Mem’ indication and it will load the default settings. Note that in such case, if the SIM PIN request is not disabled, the logger will block it as it will enter wrongly three times the PIN code. If you get the ‘Corrupt Mem’ indication, we recommend updating settings to the memory through the memory card reader with Atlas software. If you do not have this option, you have to do it remotely or / and through logger front panel. Then we recommend downloading with ‘Remove data from logger memory’ option so you only leave data with the right settings in the memory. 7 On-site operations 7.1 Using the keypad The Orbit 360 data logger features a keypad with five function keys: SET, UP, DOWN, LEFT/BACK and RIGHT/ENTER. Fig. 18. Orbit 360 keypad

68 Key Function SET Select and modify a parameter (EDIT/SAVE key) UP Scroll up through the menu options DOWN Scroll down through the menu options LEFT Page backward to the access the previous menu (BACK key) RIGHT Page forward to access the next menu (ENTER key) Table 5. Keypad key functions The Orbit 360 keypad has alto the next two special functions:  Reset memory: press UP + SET to make the logger reset the SD memory pointer and therefore initiate a new recording cycle (new data overwrites old data).  Firmware update via SD card: this is an emergency on-site firmware upgrade from SD card memory. The procedure is as follows: 1) power off the logger by removing the orange 3-terminal power plug, 2) while simultaneously pressing UP and DOWN keys, turn on the logger. The green LED will start blinking several two times per second. 3) Press now LETF+RIGHT to initiate the firmware upgrade and make sure power is not removed during the process. 7.2 Turning off the logger The Orbit 360 data logger has neither “reset” nor “switch on/off” button. To turn it off, just disconnect the battery power. In case the data logger has internal emergency battery, this should also be disconnected or the keys combination pressed as shown in the data logger display when the battery power gets disconnected.

69 7.3 Using the display A LCD display with 128x64p resolution is built into the Orbit 360 data logger to allow for on-site operation. Fig. 19. Orbit 360 display The display is divided into three different areas:  Upper information bar: shows the battery status, memory accesses, logger site ID and communication status.  Navigation area: scroll through the logger menus, access real-time values, set parameters, etc.  Lower information bar: shows time, date and GPS, RS485 and MODBUS status. 7.3.1 Upper information bar The upper information bar displays the following data and icons:  Battery icon: shows the current power supply status. When the system is powered by a 12V battery, five level bars means that the battery is fully charged, whereas one single level bar indicates low battery. When voltage is above 12.9V a flashing arrow appears meaning that the system is being powered from an external source (e.g. solar panel).

70 Battery icon Meaning Battery is being charged (bars flashing) Fully charged battery Medium level charge Low battery voltage Very low battery voltage Discharged battery Table 6. Display: battery status Remark: For two bars or less, check the complete power system. Most lead-acid batteries are deteriorated when the voltage level drops below 8.5V and must be replaced.  Memory icon: appears in the screen whenever the logger is reading or writing in the memory. Fig. 20. Memory being accessed icon  Logger site ID number: six-figure number that, together with the logger name, identifies the site. It is configured in Atlas during the logger settings setup or it can be also done via keypad.

71 Fig. 21. Logger site ID number  Communication status: the right side of the upper information bar displays the logger communication status. Comm. status icon Meaning GSM connection OK. There is correct communication between logger and modem and the SIM card is registered in the GSM network GPRS connection OK and the logger has been given an IP address The logger is connected to the Internet The logger is ready to receive and transmit data over the Internet by means of Atlas desktop software The logger is configured to communicate by means of the Iridium satellite module Communication error. Wrong SIM PIN code, modem not detected, etc. E-mail transmission in progress (envelope after the ONLINE word) Table 7. Display: communication status 7.3.2 Lower information bar The lower information bar displays the following data and icons:  Time and date: in the absence of pop-up warnings, the data and time of the logger are shown in the left side of the lower information bar. Both date and time are synchronized with UTC* via GPS. Orbit holds the date and time even if the unit is switched off.

72 Fig. 22. Logger data and time *The data can be decoded applying any time offset to account for the local time, if wanted.  GPS status: shows the signal of the GPS receiver. In case of GPS failure, an X is shown instead of the coverage bars. Fig. 23. GPS status  RS485 communication status: a flashing dot indicates RS485 communication between the logger are the sensors connected to the digital buses. Fig. 24. RS485 communication status indicator  Modbus status: Fig. 25. Modbus status indicator

73 7.4 Parameter edit mode To edit a value in Orbit 360 via keypad, simply access the value by pushing the SET button. Once the value has been selected, press SET again to save the changes. Fig. 26. Edit mode (sensor model)

74 7.5 Navigation menus on logger display The liquid crystal display is built into the logger to facilitate site visits and is activated by pressing any key on the logger keypad. The user can view real-time wind conditions as well as data logger settings. As a power saving function, the display will always shut off after two minutes without any key inputs. The logger continues to collect data while the display is off. Use UP and DOWN keys to scroll across different menu options (an arrow located on the left shows the selected menu) and then press the RIGTH key to enter into that option. All menus and submenus are cyclic: pressing the DOWN key in the last menu option skips once again to the first option (and vice versa). Fig. 27. Orbit 360 main menu view (1) Fig. 28. Orbit 360 main menu view (2)

75 Fig. 29. Orbit 360 main menu view (3) 7.5.1 QUICK VIEW In this window the real time values from all the active sensors are displayed. The values are refreshed every second and they are expressed in the default units for that particular magnitude. The initial view shows FR1 to FR6 and ANL1 to ANL6 channels. Scroll DOWN/UP to access to the rest of channels. Fig. 30. QUICK VIEW screen 7.5.2 FREQUENCY 1-16 In this window you can access both real time and the last averaged value of every frequency channel, together with the sensor model name configured in that particular channel. Again, the values will be expressed in the default units for that particular

76 magnitude: m/s for wind speed, mbar for pressure, degrees for the True North offset, etc. Fig. 31. FREQUENCY 1-10 screen 1st line  channel ID, e.g. “Frequency 1”. 2nd line  Sensor model ID, e.g. “07 K620A / Ornytion 107”. 3rd line  Instantaneous value, e.g. “Inst: 3.1 m/s”. 4th line  Average value, e.g.”Avg: 2.6 m/s”. Note that, just after turning on the logger, there will be no average value available until a 10-min interval has been exceeded. 7.5.3 ANALOG 1-8 In this window you can access both real time and the last averaged value of every analog channel ranging from 1 to 8. The values will be expressed in the default units for that particular magnitude. Fig. 32. ANALOG 1-8 screen

77 1st line  channel ID, e.g. “Analog 4”. 2nd line  Sensor model ID, e.g. “1A GEOVANE TILT X”. 3rd line  Instantaneous value, e.g. “Inst: 0.9º”. 4th line  Average value, e.g.”Avg: 0.4º”. Note that, just after turning on the logger, there will be no average value available until a 10-min interval has been exceeded. 7.5.4 ANALOG 9-23 In this window you can access both real time and the last averaged value of every analog channel ranging from 1 to 8. The values will be expressed in the default units for that particular magnitude. 1st line  channel ID, e.g. “Analog 12”. 2nd line  Sensor model ID, e.g. “61 GEOVANE TILT X”. 3rd line  Instantaneous value, e.g. “Inst: -1.4º”. 4th line  Average value, e.g.”Avg: 1.4º”. Note that, just after turning on the logger, there will be no average value available until a 10-min interval has been exceeded. 7.5.5 STATUS This screen provides information regarding the status of the data logger, as well as other system parameters such as firmware and hardware version, the serial number, or the of the GSM/GPRS coverage and current communication status. 7.5.5.1 Logger status Go to [STATUS  Logger Status] for general information about the status of the logger.

78 Fig. 33. STATUS screen: Logger Status The following information is displayed on this screen:  Error code number: shows errors produced in the last 10 minutes recording period. The code consists of two bytes and it is given in hexadecimal format. Each of the 16 bits corresponds to one error and the complete error code number can exhibit more than one error. The logger offers a brief error summary in addition to the code. High byte (HB) Meaning HB.0 Not used HB.1 Internal memory contains data HB.2 GPS error HB.3 Not used HB.4 Not used HB.5 Reboot HB.6 Aux board error (Modbus TCP, RS485, GPS)

79 HB.7 Operating with emergency battery Low byte (LB) Meaning LB.0 The logger has been turned off (Power reset) LB.1 Low battery warning LB.2 SD card error LB.3 Corrupt data in SD card (SD card format error) LB.4 SD card not inserted LB.5 Internal memory error LB.6 A/D converter error LB.7 Not used Table 8. Logger status: Error code number In the following example the error code number is equal to E02h16h, indicating the following errors:  HB.1: Internal memory contains data.  LB.1: Low battery warning.  LB.2: SD card error.  LB.4: SD card not inserted.

80  Microprocessor performance: shows the % of free CPU. The lower the %, the busiest the system is.  Error messages: in case there are errors, the bottom lines of the logger status screen will describe the meaning of the errors contained in the Error Code described above. 7.5.5.2 Modem Go to [STATUS  Modem] for specific information about the status of the modem. Fig. 34. STATUS screen: modem The following information is displayed on this screen:  Second line: E02h16h E 02h 16h = High byte Low byte

81  Signal strength (Cov): a two-digit number shows the numeric value of the signal, in dBm (0 to 31 for GSM connection). Iridium satellite signal strength is displayed in a 0 to 5 scale.  Telemetry finite state machine status (e): a two-digit number that provides its current state ID of the modem FSM (refer to section 9.4 for more info).  RX buffer (b): a two-digit number that shows the latest number of bytes received by the modem.  Time-out timer (t): for technical support and troubleshooting.  Third line:  IP address: the dynamic or static Internet Protocol address when the Orbit 360 is connected to the internet, followed by the port number listening to incoming connections.  Fourth line:  Access Point Name (APN): the APN settings that the user has configured in the Orbit 360 for accessing to the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). It is provided by the mobile network operator. 7.5.5.3 Serial channels Go to [STATUS  Serial channels] for information about the number of polls that has not been answered since the last download.

82 Fig. 35. STATUS screen: Serial Channels 7.5.5.4 Modbus Go to [STATUS  Modbus] for a summary about the Modbus communication status. Refer to section 10 for detailed info about Modbus and SCADA connectivity. Fig. 36. STATUS screen: Modbus The following information is displayed on this screen:  First line:  Modbus finite state machine status (e): a two-digit number that provides its current state ID of the Modbus FSM (for technical support and troubleshooting).  Modbus RX buffer (b): a two-digit number that shows number of bytes received through the bus.  Second line:

83  Register count (Reg Count): number of registers a Modbus request should ask the Orbit for.  Third line:  Slave number (Slave #): slave ID of the Orbit 360. 7.5.5.5 GPS location Go to [STATUS  GPS location] for information about the geographical location of the met mast. The site coordinates are displayed in WGS 84 format. Fig. 37. STATUS screen: Site Coordinates The following information is displayed on this screen:  First line:  Latitude (e.g. 41º38.937’N).  GPS finite state machine status (e): a two-digit number that provides its current state ID of the GPS FSM (for technical support and troubleshooting).  Second line:  Longitude (e.g. 000º53.593’W).  GPS RX buffer (b): a two-digit number that shows the latest number of bytes received by the GPS.

84  Third line:  Altitude above sea level (e.g. 227m).  Number of satellites: a two-digit number that reflects how many satellites are accessible to the GPS (the more satellites, the better accuracy, with a maximum of 12).  Internal parameters of the GPS FSM, for technical support and troubleshooting (e.g. c02t60). 7.5.5.6 Power supply Go to [STATUS  Power supply] for detailed information regarding the battery status. Fig. 38. STATUS screen: Power supply The following information is displayed on this screen:  First line:  Instantaneous value: current voltage value, in volts. (e.g. Instant Bat = 12.4V).  Second line:  Maximum of the last 24h: the maximum voltage of the previous day (UTC time), in volts. (e.g. Max Bat 24h = 13.2V).  Third line:

85  Minimum of the last 24h: the minimum voltage of the previous day (UTC time), in volts. (e.g. Min Bat 24h = 11.9V).  Fourth line:  Minimum of the 24h previous to the last 24h: the minimum voltage of the day before the previous UTC day. (e.g. Min Bat 48h: 12.1V). The [STATUS  Power supply] screen allows for checking the proper functioning of the solar charging system by comparing the day and night values and by evaluating the evolution of the minimum values of the last two days. 7.5.5.7 System info Go to [STATUS  System] info for general information regarding the Orbit 360 unit. Fig. 39. STATUS screen: System info The following information is displayed on this screen:  First line:  Number of days of stored data (e.g. Stored = 27 Days).  Second line:  Firmware version (e.g. FW: 02.09).  Hardware version (e.g. HW: 01).  Logger model (e.g. Md: 03). See table below.

86 Logger Model Code number Basic Plus 05 Premium 03  Third line:  The three least significant bytes of the last SD card memory location with data, for technical support and troubleshooting. (e.g. MEM:03BD28).  Last four digits of the serial number of the Orbit 360 unit (e.g. s/n: 12014). 7.5.6 CONFIGURATION This screen allows the installer to configure some basic logger parameters on site, such us the modem type (external, internal…), the SIM pin code, language… Fig. 40. Configuration menu

87 Remark: All configuration changes become effective at the end of the recording period. Do not turn off the logger before this happens to avoid losing the changes. 7.5.6.1 Modem type Go to [CONFIGURATION  Modem type] to modify the modem settings. Different options are available, specified in the following table: Number Description 01 Anl/CDMA Maxon (by Maxon, for CDMA wireless networks) 02 Kintech GSM 03 GSM SIEMENS (GSM modem by Siemens) 05 CDMA MULTITECH (by Multichech, for CDMA wireless networks) 06 Iridium Sat. (external satellite modem by Iridium) 07 BGAN/direct com 12 Kintech GPRS Table 9. Configuration: Modem types

88 Fig. 41. Configuration: Modem types 7.5.6.2 Modbus RTU Go to [CONFIGURATION  Modbus RTU] to select among different Modbus options, specified in the following table: Number Description 22 MODBUS 9600 bps 23 MODBUS 19200 bps 24 MODBUS 38400 bps 25 MODBUS 57600 bps 26 MODBUS 115200 bps 27 MODBUS Suzlon 28 MODBUS Enercon 9600 bps 29 MODBUS Enercon 19200 bps 30 MODBUS Enercon 38400 bps

89 Table 10. Configuration: Modbus RTU Fig. 42. Configuration: Modbus RTU 7.5.6.3 Area number Each logger needs a unique ID number to avoid data processing errors or maintenance misunderstandings. This unique ID number is called site ID, and it is always visible in the upper central part of the display, no matter the screen (refer to section 7.3.1). The site ID parameter consists of three variables, each being a two-digit number. Go to [CONFIGURATION  Area Number 0-99] to edit the first two digits of the site ID number. Fig. 43. Configuration: Area number

90 7.5.6.4 Location number Go to [CONFIGURATION  Location Number 0-99] to edit the second two digits of the site ID number. Fig. 44. Configuration: Location number 7.5.6.5 Tower number Go to [CONFIGURATION  Tower Number 0-99] to edit the two third digits of the site ID number. Fig. 45. Configuration: Tower number 7.5.6.6 Num 1 2 Go to [CONFIGURATION  Num 1 2] to edit the two first digits of the SIM PIN code. Due to security reasons, two asterisks ** will be shown instead of the actual number.

91 Fig. 46. Configuration: Num 1 2 7.5.6.7 Num 3 4 Go to [CONFIGURATION  Num 3 4] to edit the two second digits of the SIM PIN code. Fig. 47. Configuration: Num 3 4 Remark: If the logger introduces an incorrect SIM PIN code three times, the SIM card will be blocked. To unblock the SIM card, insert it into a normal mobile phone and enter the PUK code and then the correct PIN code.

92 7.5.6.8 Language Go to [CONFIGURATION  Language] to choose among the following four languages available for the logger menus: Number Language 00 English 01 Español 02 Français 03 Português Fig. 48. Configuration: Language 7.5.6.9 Flags configuration Reserved operation. Do not edit unless assisted by Kintech Engineering. 7.5.6.10 Mode Reserved operation. Do not edit unless assisted by Kintech Engineering.

93 7.5.7 SENSOR MODEL This screen allows the installer to configure the type of sensor to be connected to a specific channel of the Orbit 360 data logger. Fig. 49. Sensor model Each of the available channels can be individually and accordingly configured as shown in the following lists. These lists include most of the sensors known in the wind and solar energy sector. However, if you are planning to connect sensors to the data logger that are not listed in our software or on the display of the logger, please contact out technical support department for validation of the sensor you are trying to connect.

94 Frequency Channels Type Sensor Model Units 00 NOT ENABLED - 01 MAXIMUM 40/40H m/s 02 Young 3102 m/s 03 Vector A100R_S m/s 04 RISO P2546 m/s 05 NRG ICEFREE m/s 06 THIES_4.3515.30 m/s 16 Rain Gauge 0.2mm mm 17 Rain Gauge 0.1mm mm 21 Young 05103 m/s 22 THIES First Class m/s 23 Vector A100LK m/s 24 Vaisala WAA252 m/s 25 Ornytion 107H Optic m/s 26 Metone m/s

95 27 THIES FC Advanced m/s 28 Hertz Hz 29 Pressure K611P-B mBar 30 Kriwan INT10 m/s 31 Vector A100LM m/s 32 Geovane True North °

96 Analog Channels Type Sensor Model Units 00 NOT ENABLED - 01 Milivolts mV 02 Temperature EOL 307 °C 03 Temperature Young 41342VC °C 04 Temperature NRG 110S °C 05 Temperature GALLTEC KPC 1/5 °C 06 Temperature Vaisala HMP45A °C 07 Temperature °C 08 Temperature C.CELL SI-V10 °C 11 Windvane Ornytion 207 ° 12 Windvane NRG/THIES 10K ° 13 Windvane Young 03001 ° 14 Windvane Vector W200P ° 15 Windvane Young 05103 ° 16 Windvane THIES 2K °

97 17 Windvane FRIEDRICHS ° 18 Windvane OUTPUT 0-5V ° 19 Windvane GENERIC VCC 2.5V ° 21 Anemometer Young Propeller 270106 m/s 22 Anemometer Young Propeller 270105 m/s 25 Anemometer THIES Ultrasonic Coordinate X m/s 26 Anemometer THIES Ultrasonic Coordinate Y m/s 27 Anemometer THIES Ultrasonic Coordinate Z m/s 31 Pressure SETRA 276 800-1100 mBar 32 Pressure Vaisala PTB100 mBar 33 Pressure NRG BP20 mBar 34 Pressure SETRA 276 600-1100 mBar 37 Humidity GALLTEC KPC 1/5 % 38 Humidity Vaisala HMP45 % 39 Humidity % 42 Radiation Thermopile W/m²

98 43 Pyranometer Kintech W/m² 44 Pyranometer Photodiode W/m² 45 Radiation C.CELL SI-V10 W/m² 48 Sound Level Cesva dBA 49 Sound Level Bruel KJAER dBA 51 Analyzer Bieler & Lang PPM 54 General A1 - 55 General A2 - 60 Geovane True North ° 61 Geovane Tilt X ° 62 Geovane Tilt Y ° Remark: Serial Inputs need to be configured in Atlas software since they cannot be setup via keypad. 7.5.8 TIME & DATE This menu allows the configuration of hour, minute, day, month and year applied to the timestamp of the data register: