Texas Instruments TI-Nspire Manual Book

and Analysis Guidebook This guidebook applies to TI-Nspire™ software version 3.1. To obtain the latest version of the documentation, go to education.ti.com/guides.

program, Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the amount set forth in the license for the program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. FCC Statement Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment under FCC rules. © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated Mac® and DataQuest™ are trademarks of their respective owners.

Getting Started .......................................................................1 About Vernier DataQuest™........................................................... 1 Exploring the Screens..................................................................... 2 Learning about Collection Devices................................................ 5 Performing an Experiment.....................................................9 Starting a Document...................................................................... 9 Connecting Sensors ...................................................................... 10 Modifying Sensor Settings ........................................................... 10 Setting the Collection Mode........................................................ 12 Collecting Data ............................................................................. 16 Storing a Data Set ........................................................................ 21 Saving an Experiment .................................................................. 21 Working in the Graph View..................................................23 Displaying Graphs......................................................................... 23 Customizing the Graph................................................................ 28 Analyzing the Data in Table View ........................................41 Defining Column Options ............................................................ 41 Creating a New Data Set.............................................................. 42 Changing a Data Set Name.......................................................... 42 Adding a New Column................................................................. 43 Adding a New Calculated Column .............................................. 45 Striking and Restoring Data ........................................................ 47 Analyzing Data in Graph View .............................................51 Viewing Data for Analysis............................................................ 51 Interpolating the Value Between Two Data Points.................... 53 Finding the Slope ......................................................................... 53 Finding the Area Under a Data Plot............................................ 54 Removing Analysis Options ......................................................... 60 Using Advanced Data Collection Options ...........................63 Setting Up Offline Sensors........................................................... 63 Setting Up a Remote Collection Unit .......................................... 64 Setting Up the Sensor for Triggering .......................................... 65 Using the Manual Trigger to Start the Collection ...................... 67 Using a Delay to Start the Collection.......................................... 68

Working with Advanced Analysis Features ........................ 71 Replaying the Data Collection .....................................................71 Adjusting Derivative Settings.......................................................73 Drawing and Clearing a Predictive Plot ......................................74 Using Motion Match.....................................................................75 Printing Data ........................................................................ 77 Selecting Print All Options ...........................................................77 Printing Data Views......................................................................77 Using the Sensors and Data with Other Applications........ 79 Collecting Data in Other Applications.........................................79 Opening the Sensor Console Application Menus .......................80 Viewing Existing Data ..................................................................81 Analyzing Data in the Data & Statistics Application ..................83 Compatible Sensors ............................................................. 85 TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle .......................................................... 89 Exploring the Lab Cradle..............................................................90 Setting up the Lab Cradle for Data Collection............................91 Using the Lab Cradle ....................................................................91 Learning About the Lab Cradle ...................................................92 Viewing Data Collection Status ...................................................94 Managing Power ..........................................................................95 Charging the Lab Cradle ..............................................................97 Upgrading the Operating System................................................98 Appendix: Service and Support......................................... 103 Texas Instruments Support and Service .....................................103 Service and Warranty Information ............................................103 Precautions for Rechargeable Batteries ....................................104 Index ................................................................................... 105

and the operating system (OS) for handhelds. Use the Vernier DataQuest™ application to collect, view, and analyze data. To use the Vernier DataQuest™ application, the TI-Nspire™ handheld OS must be 3.0 or higher. To update the OS, go to education.ti.com. About Vernier DataQuest™ • Run the application on either a TI-Nspire™ handheld or a Windows™ or Mac™ computer. • Choose from multiple sensor interfaces and sensors, such as the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle, to collect data. • Collect data with up to five connected sensors (three analog and two digital) using the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle. For a complete list of compatible sensors, see Compatible Sensors. Important: The TI-Nspire™ CM-C Handheld is not compatible with the Lab Cradle and only supports the use of a single sensor at a time. • Collect data either in the classroom or at remote locations using collection modes such as time-based or event-based. • Select and focus on a subset of collected data. • Collect several data runs for comparison. • Create a graphical hypothesis using the Draw Prediction feature. • Play back the data set to compare the outcome to the hypothesis. • Analyze data using functions such as interpolation, tangential rate, or modeling. • Display results in a graph or a table. • Customize the way results are displayed. • Link the data to other TI-Nspire™ applications. Using Vernier DataQuest™ Data in Other TI-Nspire™ Applications Data obtained during a data collection run is written to the graph and table views in the Vernier DataQuest™ application and can be used in these TI-Nspire™ applications: • Calculator • Graph

This graphic shows how data can be shared among the applications. Exploring the Screens The Vernier DataQuest™ application screen is identical in the handheld and the TI-Nspire™ software. The following graphic shows the application screen. Lists & Spreadsheet Data & Statistics Vernier DataQuest™ Sensor Data in Calculator Graphs Geometry Notes Insert a Notes page to add notes about a data set, experiment, and so on. À Á Â Ã Ä

Like other TI-Nspire™ applications, the Vernier DataQuest™ application has its own application and context menus. When you first open a document or problem, insert the Vernier DataQuest™ application to open the application menu. Click Insert > Vernier DataQuest. The Vernier DataQuest™ application opens with the Meter view active and the application menu open. Important! If you connect a sensor before starting the Vernier DataQuest™ application, the connected sensor automatically launches the Vernier DataQuest™ application screen. À Vernier DataQuest™ application view tabs. The application provides three views: • Meter. Displays the list of sensors connected or set up to use offline. • Graph. Displays collected data in a graphical representation, or displays the prediction before a data collection run. • Table. Displays collected data in columns and rows. Á Data Set selection tool. This tool is displayed in the Graph view only and lets you choose which data set to graph. Â View Details area. This area contains information about the data appropriate for the current view. Ã Data work area. The primary display of the data. The type of data displayed depends on the view. Ä Data collection controls. Use these buttons to start and stop collections, store data sets, and capture data points.

click these tabs to switch from the Content Workspace to the Documents Workspace. These tabs are not shown in the student software. Á Toolbar. Contains shortcuts to tools used to create folders, save files, create lesson bundles, send files to handhelds, and copy/paste. Options available from the toolbar change depending on which workspace is open. Â Application menu. Contains commands specific to the Vernier DataQuest™ application. Use these commands to collect and analyze data, set up sensors, view data in a graph or table, and so on. Ã Context menu. Provides access to the tools most commonly used with the selected objects. Different options can appear on the context menu depending on the active object or the task you are performing. Open the context menu by right-clicking an object or a work area. Handheld: Move the cursor to the desired object, and then press / b. À Á Â Ã Ä

Learning about Collection Devices You can select from a variety of sensors and interfaces to collect data while running the Vernier DataQuest™ application with TI-Nspire™ software. Ä Status bar. Provides information about the active document and allows you to switch between the handheld view and the computer view. À Problem and page number. Displays the current page number and problem number in an active document. Á Settings. Displays the current settings. Click here to change General or Graphs & Geometry settings. Â Handheld: Lets you view documents as they appear on a handheld screen. The screen size is limited as it would be on the handheld. Click to activate the handheld view. Ã Computer: Lets you view documents as they appear in the software. Computer is the default view in the software. Click to activate the computer view. Ä Scale. A slider that lets you manage contrast (computer) or the size of the document (handheld). • Used in the computer view to make the lines lighter or darker. Slide left to decrease the boldness. Slide right to increase the boldness. • Used in the handheld view to change the size of the document and work area. Slide left to make the document smaller. Slide right to make the document larger. À Á Â Ã Ä

Multi-channel sensor interfaces let you connect more than one sensor at a time. Single-Channel Sensor Interfaces Single-channel sensor interfaces can only connect to one sensor at a time. These sensors have either a mini-USB connector for use with a handheld or a standard USB connector for use with a computer. For a complete list of compatible sensors, see Compatible Sensors. Sensor Interface Description Texas Instruments TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle This sensor is used with handhelds, computers, or as a stand-alone sensor. This sensor interface allows you to connect and use one to five sensors at the same time. It can be used in the lab or at a remote collection location. The Lab Cradle supports two digital sensors and three analog sensors. The Lab Cradle also supports high-sample data collection sensors, such as a hand-grip heart rate monitor or a blood pressure monitor. When used as a remote sensor, you can download data to either a handheld or a computer. For more information, see the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle Guidebook. Sensor Interface Description Vernier EasyLink® This sensor interface is used with handhelds. It has a mini-USB connector so it can be plugged directly into the handheld. Connect sensors to Vernier EasyLink® to: • Measure barometric pressure. • Measure the salinity of a solution. • Investigate the relationship between pressure and volume (Boyles’ Law).

• Analog sensors. Temperature, light, pH, and voltage sensors are analog sensors and require a sensor interface. • Digital sensors. Photogates, radiation monitors, and drop counters are digital sensors. These sensors can only be used with the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle. • Direct-connect USB sensors. These sensors connect directly to a handheld or computer and do not require a sensor interface. For a complete list of compatible sensors, see Compatible Sensors. Sensors for Handhelds The following lists some sensors you can use with a handheld. Vernier Go!Link® This sensor interface is used with computers. It has a standard connector so it can be plugged into a Windows® or Mac® computer. Connect sensors to Vernier GoLink® to: • Measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. • Monitor greenhouse gases. • Measure sound level in decibels. Sensor Description Texas Instruments CBR 2™ This analog sensor connects directly to TI-Nspire™ handhelds through the mini-USB port. It is used to explore and graph motion. This sensor automatically launches the Vernier DataQuest™ application when you connect it to a handheld. Data collection begins when you select the Motion Match function. This sensor collects up to 200 samples per second. Use this sensor to: • Measure position and speed of a person or object. • Measure the acceleration of an object. Sensor Interface Description

The following table lists some sensors you can use with a computer. Vernier EasyTemp® temperature sensor This analog sensor connects directly to TI-Nspire™ handhelds through the mini-USB port and is used to collect temperature ranges. You can design experiments to: • Collect weather data. • Record temperature changes due to chemical reactions. • Perform heat fusion studies. Sensor Description Vernier Go!Temp® temperature sensor This analog sensor connects to the computer’s USB port and is used to collect temperature ranges. You can use this sensor to: • Collect weather data. • Record temperature changes due to chemical reactions. • Perform heat fusion studies. Vernier Go!Motion® motion detector This analog sensor connects to the computer’s USB port and is used to measure acceleration, speed, and velocity. Use this sensor to: • Measure position and speed of a person or object. • Measure the acceleration of an object. Sensor Description

9 Performing an Experiment When performing an experiment, these basic steps are the same no matter which type of experiment you perform. 1. Start a new document or problem. Important! If you connect a sensor before starting the Vernier DataQuest™ application, the software automatically opens the Vernier DataQuest™ application. 2. Connect a sensor. 3. Modify sensor settings. (Optional, if using default settings) 4. Set the collection mode. (Optional, if using default settings) 5. Collect data. 6. Stop collecting data. 7. To save the data for future use, store the data set. 8. Save the experiment. 9. Analyze data. 10. Print data. (Optional, if you do not need a paper copy.) Starting a Document TI recommends starting a new document for each new experiment. Starting a new document ensures that the Vernier DataQuest™ application is set to its default values. Important: The handheld can only have one document open. You are prompted to save it before creating a new document. TI also recommends that you have only one document open so the system assigns the sensor to the correct document. Starting a New Document To start a new document: 1. Click File > New TI-Nspire Document. Handheld: Press c, and then select New Document. A new document opens. 2. Click Add Vernier DataQuest. The Vernier DataQuest™ opens.

Adding a Problem to a Document You can add a new problem to an existing document. TI recommends adding a new problem to the document, which ensures that the Vernier DataQuest™ application is set to its default values. 1. Click Insert > Problem. Handheld: Press ~, and then select Insert > Problem. 2. Click Add Vernier DataQuest. A new problem is added to the document. Connecting Sensors Some sensors require a sensor interface. For sensors that require an interface, you must connect the sensor to the interface first. To connect a sensor and sensor interface: 1. Attach the sensor to the sensor interface using either the mini-USB, USB, or BT connector and the appropriate cable. 2. Attach the interface to a computer or handheld using the appropriate connector and cable. Note: To attach a handheld to a TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle, slide the handheld into the connector at the bottom of the Lab Cradle. Direct-connect USB sensors such as the Vernier Go!Temp® temperature sensor (for computers) or the Vernier EasyLink® temperature sensor (for handhelds) connect directly to the computer or handheld and do not need a sensor interface. Modifying Sensor Settings You can modify how the sensor values are displayed and stored. For example, when using a temperature sensor, you can change the unit of measure from Centigrade to Fahrenheit. Changing Sensor Measurement Units The unit options that can be changed vary depending on the selected sensor. For example, options for the Vernier Go!Temp® Temperature sensor are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Options for the Vernier Hand Dynamometer (a specialized force sensor) are Newton, Pound, and Kilogram. To change a unit of measure: 1. Click Experiment > Set Up Sensors.

11 2. Click Change Units, and then select the sensor you want to change. Note: The sensors displayed are those you attached or selected to use offline. 3. Click the unit type from the unit menu. The measurement unit is changed. Note: You can change the units before or after you collect data. The collected data reflects the new measurement unit. Calibrating a Sensor When the software or handheld detects a sensor, the calibration for that sensor automatically loads. You can calibrate some sensors manually. Other sensors, such as the Colorimeter and the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, must be calibrated to provide useful data. There are three options for calibrating a sensor: • Manual Entry • Two Point • Single Point For more information, see the sensor’s documentation for calibration values and procedures. Setting a Sensor to Zero Not all sensors can be set to zero. You cannot set sensors in which relative measurements such as force, motion, and pressure are common to zero. Sensors designed to measure specific environmental conditions, such as Temperature, pH, and CO2 also cannot be set to zero.

To set the standing value to zero: 1. Click Experiment > Set Up Sensor. 2. Click the sensor, and then click Zero. Note: The sensors displayed in the sensor list are those attached or selected to use offline. The sensor value is now at zero. Reversing a Sensor Reading Display Use this feature to change the display of the reading. By default, pulling with a force sensor produces a positive force and pushing produces a negative force. Reversing the sensor allows you to display pushing as a positive force. If more than one sensor can be reversed, choose the one to reverse from the list. To reverse the display of the sensor reading: 1. Click Experiment > Set Up Sensor. 2. Click the sensor, and then click Reverse. The sensor display is now reversed. If you are in Meter View, the reverse indicator appears “ ” after the sensor name. Setting the Collection Mode Use Collection Mode to select the appropriate mode for the experiment. The default Collection Mode is Time Based for new experiments. If you have unsaved data when you change the mode, a warning message states that changing modes clears unsaved data. You can only use the Photogate timing mode with the Vernier Photogate sensor. You can only use the Drop Counting mode with the Vernier Drop Count sensor. Reverse indicator

13 Setting a Time Based Collection Mode The Time Based collection mode captures data using timing as a guide. Set this mode to collect either samples per second (Rate) or seconds per sample (Interval) to determine how often data points are collected. Rate and Interval are simply reciprocals of each other. To set the Collection Mode to Time Based: 1. Click Experiment > Collection Mode > Time Based. The Configure Time Based Data Collection window opens with either Interval or Rate selected. (It uses previous settings as the opening value.) 2. Select Rate or Interval from the list. • Rate (samples/second): Type the number of samples per second. The interval is calculated. • Interval (seconds per sample): Type the number of seconds per sample. The rate is calculated. 3. Type the number of seconds the data collection should last in the Duration field. 4. Review the value in the Number of points field to ensure the rate and duration are reasonable. Note: The Number of points field is a calculated field. This value is determined by the formula, Rate * Duration + 1. Important: Collecting too many data points impacts system performance. 5. Select one of the following, if needed. or Rate (samples/second) Interval (seconds/sample)

• Strip Chart (Optional): Strip Chart continuously collects samples but only retains the last x data points collected. (“x” represents the number of points defined in the Number of Points field.) • Data Marker (Optional): Selecting this option places the Add Data Marker in the Data collection controls area. Click the Add Data Marker icon to emphasize specific points, such as when you observe a change or when you change a condition. Some examples of change are: – Ice begins to form. – You stir the solution. – You add a chemical to the solution. 6. Click OK. The settings are saved for the next run. Setting the Events with Entry Collection Mode Use the Events with Entry collection to capture samples manually by defining the independent value for each point you collect. To set the collection mode as Events with Entry: 1. Click Experiment > Collection Mode > Events with Entry. The Events with Entry Setup dialog box opens. Data Markers

15 2. (Optional) Type a name for the label. 3. (Optional) Type the units for the independent variable. 4. (Optional) Select the Average over 10 s (seconds) option. Use this option when sensor values fluctuate. The system collects ten seconds of data and retains the average reading. 5. Click OK. The settings are saved for the next run. The Keep current reading icon now appears (inactive) in Data collection controls. Setting the Selected Events Collection Mode Use the Selected Event collection mode to capture samples manually by defining the independent value for each point you collect. To set the collection mode as Selected Events: 1. Select Experiment > Collection Mode > Selected Events. The Selected Events Setup dialog box opens. 2. (Optional) Type a name for the label. Use any meaningful value. 3. (Optional) Type the units for the independent variable.

4. (Optional) Select the Average over 10 s (seconds) option. Use this option when sensor values fluctuate. The system collects ten seconds of data and retains the average reading. 5. Click OK. The settings are saved for the next run. Keep current reading now appears (inactive) in Data collection controls. Setting the Photogate Timing Collection Mode Select the Photogate Timing collection mode only when using the Vernier Photogate sensor. The Photogate is for motion timing. It can time objects that pass through the gates or as a laser gate outside of the gates. It can also be used to time motion in any of these states: • Pulse • Pendulum • Gate and pulse • Gate state only Setting the Drop Counting Collection Mode Select the Drop Counting collection mode only when using the Vernier Drop Counter optical sensor. Collecting Data After you set up the sensor and select the collection mode, start collecting the data for the experiment. The collection mode determines the steps required for collecting data. If you are in Meter View when you start data collection, the Vernier DataQuest™ application changes to Graph View and begins recording sensor data. The graph updates to show the data as it is collected. Important: When you use either Events with Entry mode or the Selected Events mode, data points are not recorded until you click Experiment > Keep or click .

17 Stopping the Data Collection In most data collection modes, the collection ends automatically. If using the Events with Entry collection mode, you must stop data collection manually. You can also end data collection for any other mode manually at any time. To stop a collection: Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The current run stops. Collecting Data in the Time Based Mode To collect data using the Time Based mode: 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign Time Based as the collection mode. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection. 5. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete. Collecting Data in the Events with Entry Mode Use this procedure only after you assign Events with Entry as the collection mode. To collect data using the Events with Entry mode only: 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign Events with Entry Mode as the collection mode. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection.

The Keep current reading icon becomes active. The sensor shows the data point in the center of the screen. 5. Click Experiment > Keep for each data point you want to keep. The Events with Entry dialog box opens. 6. Type the value of the data point. 7. Click OK. The data point is saved in the appropriate location on the graph. The next point appears in the center of the graph. 8. Repeat steps four, five, and six until you collect all of the desired data points. 9. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete. Collecting Data in the Events with Entry Mode Average over 10 Option Use this procedure only after you assign Events with Entry as the collection mode and select the option Average over 10 option. To collect data using the Events with Entry mode Average over 10 s option: 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign the Events with Entry mode Average over 10 s option. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection.

19 The Keep current reading icon becomes active. The sensor shows the data point in the center of the screen. 5. When you are ready, click . The Averaging dialog box opens, counting down to zero seconds. When the counter reaches zero, the system records the data point in the appropriate location on the graph. 6. Repeat steps four and five until you collect all of the data points. 7. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete. Collecting Data in the Selected Events Mode To use the Selected Events collection mode: 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign Selected Events mode as the collection mode. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection. Keep current reading becomes active. The sensor shows the data point in the center of the screen when in Graph View. 5. Click Experiment > Keep for each data point to keep. The data point is saved in the appropriate location on the graph. The next point appears in the center of the graph. 6. Repeat step five until you collect all of the data points.

7. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete. Collecting Data in the Photogate Timing Mode Use this procedure only after you assign Photogate Timing as the collection mode. 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign Photogate Timing mode as the collection mode. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection. 5. Collect your data set. 6. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete. Collecting Data in the Drop Counting Mode Use this procedure only after you assign Drop Counting as the collection mode. 1. Click Experiment > New Experiment to reset the sensor to its default values. This step removes any existing data and ensures the connected sensor is set to its default values. 2. Connect a sensor. Note: When you connect a sensor, the sensor name is added to the sensor list. 3. Assign Drop Counting mode as the collection mode. 4. Click Experiment > Start Collection. 5. Collect your data set. 6. Click Experiment > Stop Collection. The data set run is complete.

21 Storing a Data Set For most experiments data is collected for multiple trials (runs). You can store the data set from the latest run before performing a new run. Storing the data prevents it from being overwritten and retains the data by creating a new data set for the next run. The data set is not saved outside the application until you save the data set as a TI-Nspire™ or PublishView™ document. Important: You must save the document if you want to keep the data after the application has been closed. Note: The PublishView™ application is only available in the computer software. If you do not need to retain the data from the previous run, overwrite the data set by starting another collection without storing the current data run. To store a data set: Click Experiment > Store Data Set. The first data set is stored as “Run 1" by default and “Run 2" opens for collecting additional data. You can change the data set names. Saving an Experiment After you complete the experiment, save it as a TI-Nspire™ document (.tns file) or as a TI-Nspire™ PublishView™ document (.tnsp). Important: The PublishView™ application is only available in the computer software. 1. Select the document you want to save. 2. Select File > Save Document. Handheld: Press ~, and then click File > Save. The document is saved.

23 Working in the Graph View When you collect data, it is written in both the Graph and Table views. Use the Graph view to analyze data. Important: The Graph menu and Analyze menu items are only active when working in Graph View. To display the Graph view: Click View > Graph. The Graph View screen opens. . Displaying Graphs Use the Show Graph menu to show separate graphs when using: • A sensor that plots more than one column of data. • Multiple sensors with different defined units at the same time. You can display the top graph (Graph1), bottom graph (Graph 2), or both. In this example, two sensors (the Gas Pressure sensor and the Hand Dynamometer) were used in the same run. The following image shows the columns Time, Force, and Pressure in the Table view to illustrate why two graphs are shown. Select View > Graph.

Displaying One Graph When two graphs are displayed, the top graph is Graph 1 and the bottom graph is Graph 2. To display only Graph 1: Select Graph > Show Graph > Graph 1. Only Graph1 is displayed. To display only Graph 2: Select Graph > Show Graph > Graph 2. Only Graph 2 is displayed.

25 Displaying Multiple Graphs To display both Graph 1 and Graph 2 together: Select Graph > Show Graph > Both. Graph1 and Graph 2 are displayed. Displaying Graphs in the Page Layout View Use the Page layout view when Show Graph is not the appropriate solution for showing more than one graph. The Show Graph option is not applicable when: • You have multiple runs using a single sensor. • You use two or more of the same sensors. • You use multiple sensors that use the same column(s) of data. To use Page Layout:

1. Open the original data set you want to see in two graph windows. 2. Click Edit > Page Layout > Selected Layout. Handheld: Press ~, and then select Page Layout > Select Layout. 3. Select the type of page layout you want to use. In this example, the top and bottom page symbol was selected. 4. Select “Click here to add an application.” Handheld: Press b. 5. Select Add Vernier DataQuest. The Vernier DataQuest™ application is added to the second view. This example shows two Vernier DataQuest™ applications running at the same time.

27 6. To see separate views, click the view you want to change, and then select View > Table. The new view is displayed. 7. To show the same view, click the view to change. 8. Click View > Graph. The new view is displayed. Note: Selection in one view is reflected in the other.

Customizing the Graph You may customize the graph by adding a title, changing colors, and setting ranges for the axis. Adding a Title When you add a title to a graph, the title is displayed in the View Details area. When you print the graph, the title prints on the graph. 1. Click Graph > Graph Title. The Graph Title dialog box opens. If there are two graphs in the work area, the dialog box has two title options.

29 2. Type the name of the title in the Title field. —or— a) Type the name of the first graph in the Graph 1 field. b) Type the name of the second graph in the Graph 2 field. 3. Select Enable to show the title. Note: Use the Enable option to hide or show the graph title as needed. 4. Click OK. The title is shown. Setting Axis Ranges for One Graph To modify the minimum and maximum range for the x and y axis: 1. Click Graph > Window Setting. The Window Setting dialog box opens.

2. Type the new values in one or more of these fields: – X Min – X Max – Y Min – Y Max 3. Click OK. The application uses the new values for the graph visual range until you modify the range or change data sets. Setting Axis Ranges for Two Graphs When working with two graphs, enter two y axis minimum and maximum values, but only one set of minimum and maximum values for the x axis. 1. Click Graph > Window Setting. The Window Setting dialog box opens. 2. Type the new values in one or more of these fields: – X Min

31 – X Max – Graph 1: Y Min – Y Max – Graph 2: Y Min – Y Max 3. Click OK. The application uses the new values for the graph visual range until you modify the range or change data sets. Setting the Axis Range on the Graph You can modify the minimum and maximum range for the x and y axis on the graph. 1. Select the text you want to change. 2. Type a new value for the text. Handheld: a) Place the cursor over the value until the cursor changes to an I-beam . b) Highlight the text you want to change. c) Type a new value for the text. d) Press ·. The text is changed, and the graph redrawn to reflect the change in value.

Selecting a Data Set to Plot To save data sets or run multiple trials, select the data set to plot. 1. Click Graph > Select Data Set. The list of available data sets opens. 2. Select one of the following: • Data Set name. Plot one specific data set. • All. Plot all data sets. • More. Choose a combination of data sets to plot. When you use the More option and select more than one data set but not all data sets, the Data Set selection tool states Custom. 3. Click OK. The data set you selected is displayed.

33 Autoscaling a Graph Use the autoscale option to show all the points plotted. Autoscale Now is useful after you change the x and y axis range or zoom in or out of a graph. You can also define the automatic autoscale setting to use during and after a collection. Autoscale Now Using the Application Menu Click Graph > Autoscale Now. The graph now displays all the points plotted. Autoscale Now Using the Context Menu 1. Open the context menu in the graph area. 2. Click Window/Zoom > Autoscale Now. The graph now displays all the points plotted. Defining Autoscale During a Collection There are two options for using the automatic autoscaling that occurs during a collection. To choose an option: 1. Click Options > Autoscale Settings. The Autoscale Settings dialog box opens. 2. Click ¢ to open the During Collection drop-down list. 3. Select one of these options: • Autoscale Larger - Expands the graph as needed to show all points as you collect them. • Do Not Autoscale - The graph is not changed during a collection. 4. Click OK to save the setting. Defining Autoscale After a Collection You have three options for setting the automatic autoscaling that occurs after a collection. To set your choice:

1. Click Options > Autoscale Settings. The Autoscale Settings dialog box opens. 2. Click ¢ to open the After Collection drop-down list. 3. Select one of these options: • Autoscale to Data. Expands the graph to show all data points. This option is the default mode. • Autoscale From Zero. Modifies the graph so all data points including the origin point are displayed. • Do Not Autoscale. The graph settings are not changed. 4. Click OK to save the setting. Selecting a Range of Data Selecting a range of data on the graph is useful in several situations, such as when zooming in or out, striking and unstriking data, and examining settings. To select a range: 1. Place the cursor at the start of the area. 2. Drag the cursor across the graph to the end of the selected region. The selected area is indicated by gray shading. Handheld: a) Place the cursor at the starting point, and then press / x. The cursor changes to (double-headed arrow). b) Move the cursor to the end of the selection. c) Press d. The cursor changes to å (single-headed arrow).

35 3. Perform one of these actions. – Zoom in or out – Strike or unstrike data – Examine settings Zooming In on a Graph You can zoom in on a subset of the collected points. You can also zoom out from a previous zoom or to expand the graph window beyond the data points collected. To zoom in on a graph: 1. Select the area you want to zoom into or use the current view. 2. Click Graph > Zoom In. The graph adjusts to display only the area you selected. The x range selected is used as the new x range. The y range autoscales to show all graphed data points in the selected range. These images show an original view and zoom in performed multiple times (or as a selected region). Zooming Out of a Graph To zoom out of a graph: Select Graph > Zoom Out. The graph is now expanded. If a zoom in preceded a zoom out, the graph displays the settings prior to the zoom in. For example, if you zoomed in twice, the first zoom out would display the window to the first zoom in. To display the full graph with all data points from multiple zoom ins, use Autoscale Now.

Changing the Point Display You can adjust the way points are displayed on graphs, change the point colors, and change the symbols for point markers. Setting Point Options To indicate how often marks show on the graph and whether to use a connecting line: 1. Click Options > Point Options. The Point Options dialog box opens. 2. Select a Mark option from the drop-down list. • None. No point protectors. • Regional. Periodic point protectors. • All. Every data point as a point protector. 3. Select Connect Data Points to display a line between points. —or— Clear Connect Data Points to remove the line between points. The following graphics show examples of some of the point Mark options. Regional Connect Data Points - Selected All Connect Data Points - not selected None Connect Data Points - Selected

37 Changing Point Colors To change the color of the marks from the default settings. Note: On a TI-Nspire™ handheld, color is represented by different shades of gray. 1. Right-click the graph to open the menu. 2. Click Color. Note: The data option is often preceded by the data set name and column name. 3. Click the column variable to change. 4. Click the color. The line representing the data changes to the color selected. In this example, Force was selected and green was the color chosen.

Selecting Point Markers 1. Right-click in the graph to open the menu. 2. Click Point Marker. Note: If there is only one dependent variable column, the Point Marker option is preceded by the data set name and column name. Otherwise, the Point Marker option has a menu. 3. Select the column variable to change. 4. Select the point marker to set. The Point Marker changes to the option selected. In this example, Pressure was selected and the inverted fill triangle was the point chosen.

39 Selecting an Independent Variable Column Use the option Select X-axis Column to select the column used as the independent variable when graphing the data. This column is used for all graphs. 1. Click Graph > Select X-axis Column. 2. Select the variable you want to change. The x-axis label on the graph changes and the graph is reordered using the new independent variable for graphing the data. Selecting a Dependent Variable Column Use the option Select Y-axis Column to select which dependent variable columns to plot on the displayed graph(s). 1. Click Graph > Select Y-axis Column. 2. Select one of the following: • A variable from the list. The list is a combination of dependent variables and the number of data sets. • More. Selecting More opens the Select dialog box. Use this when you want to select a combination of data set variables to graph. Showing and Hiding Details You can hide parts of the screen to provide a larger view of the screen. The following example shows screens with the details shown.

To hide details: Click Options > Hide Details. The menu changes from Hide Details to Show Details. The following parts of the screen are hidden: • Vernier DataQuest™ application view tabs • View Details area • Data collection controls The following example shows screens with the details hidden. To show details: Click Options > Show Details.

41 Analyzing the Data in Table View Table view provides another way to sort and view collected data. Defining Column Options You can name columns and define the decimal points and the precision you want to use. To define the columns: 1. Click View > Table. The Table view is displayed. In this example, no data sets have been run and the Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor is attached. 2. Click Data > Column Options. The Column Options menu opens. Note: You can be in the Meter, Graph, or Table view and still click these menu options. The results will still be visible. 3. Click the name of the column you want to define. Note: Some of the fields may be populated but can be edited. The Column Options dialog box opens.

4. Type the long name for the column in the Name field. 5. Type the abbreviated name in the Short Name field. Note: This name is displayed if the column cannot expand to display the full name. 6. Type the number of units in the Units field. 7. From the Displayed Precision drop-down list, select the precision value. Note: The default precision is related to the precision of the sensor. 8. Select Link to list to link to the symbol table and make this information available to other TI-Nspire™ applications. Note: Linking is the default for most sensors. Important: Heart rate and blood pressure sensors require a tremendous amount of data to be useful, and the default for these sensors is to be unlinked to improve system performance. 9. Select Apply changes to all Data Sets to apply these settings to all data sets. 10. Click OK. The column settings are now defined with the new values. Creating a New Data Set You can create a new data set that has the same columns as the existing data set(s). Column definitions from the latest data set are applied to the new data set. Select Data > New Data Set. An empty data set is created with the same column definitions as the existing data set. Changing a Data Set Name You can change the Data Set name above the column headings. This change is also displayed in the Data Set selection tool and the Details View area. 1. Click View > Table. 2. Right-click the Table pane. The context menu is displayed for the table data set name, for example, Run1.

43 3. Click Options (preceded by the data set name). The Data Set Options dialog box opens. 4. Type the new name in the Name field. Note: The maximum character limit is 30 and the name cannot contain commas. 5. (Optional) Type information about the data set in the Notes field. 6. Click OK. The data set name is now changed. Adding a New Column To enter data manually, add a new column. Sensor columns cannot be modified, but data entered manually can be edited. 1. Click Data > New Manual Column. The Column Options dialog box opens. Table View Graph View

Note: Some of the fields may be populated but can be edited. 2. Type the long name for the column in the Name field. 3. Type the abbreviated name in the Short Name field. Note: This name is displayed if the column cannot expand to display the full name. 4. Type the units to be used. 5. From the Displayed Precision drop-down list, select the precision value. Note: The default precision is related to the precision of the sensor. 6. (Optional) Select Apply changes to all Data Sets to apply these settings to all data sets. 7. (Optional) Select Generate Values to automatically populate the rows. If you select this option, complete these steps: a) Type a starting value in the Start field. b) Type an ending value in the End field. c) Type the increase in value in the Increment field. The number of points is calculated and shown in the Number of Points field. 8. Select Link from list to link to data in another TI-Nspire™ application.

45 Note: This list only populates when data exists in the other application and includes a column label. 9. Select Link to list to link to the symbol table and make this information available to other TI-Nspire™ applications. Note: Linking is the default for most sensors. Important: Heart rate and blood pressure sensors require a tremendous amount of data to be useful, and the default for these sensors is to be unlinked to improve system performance. 10. Click OK. A new column is added to the table. This column can be edited. Adding a New Calculated Column You can add an additional column to the data set in which the values are calculated from an expression using at least one of the existing columns. Use a calculated column when finding the derivative for pH data. For more information, see Adjusting Derivative Settings. 1. Click Data > New Calculated Column. The Column Options dialog box opens.

2. Type the long name for the column in the Name field. 3. Type the abbreviated name in the Short Name field. Note: This name is displayed if the column cannot expand to display the full name. 4. Type the units to be used. 5. From the Displayed Precision drop-down list, select the precision value. Note: The default precision is related to the precision of the sensor. 6. Type a calculation including one of the column names in the Expression field. Note: The system-provided column names are dependent on the sensor(s) selected and any changes made to the name field in Column Options. Important: The Expression field is case-sensitive. (Example: “Pressure” is not the same as “pressure.”) 7. Select Link to list to link to the symbol table and make this information available to other TI-Nspire™ applications. Note: Linking is the default for most sensors. Important: Heart rate and blood pressure sensors require a tremendous amount of data to be useful, and the default for these sensors is to be unlinked to improve system performance.

47 8. Click OK. The new calculated column is created. Striking and Restoring Data To strike data: 1. Open the data run that contains the data to be struck. 2. Select View > Table. 3. Select the starting row and scroll to the ending point. To select the region: Drag the cursor to the bottom or top of the screen (depending on the direction of the selection) to select the area out of the immediate view. It also scrolls the screen so you can see the selection.

Handheld: Select the first cell by pressing the Touchpad and holding until the cell is filled. Release and move the cursor across cells until the row is selected. Move the cursor to the bottom or top of the screen to select the rest of the region. Click the Touchpad to complete the selection. In this example, row 21 is selected as the beginning area and row 147 as the end. 4. Click Data > Strike Data. Handheld: Press b, and then click Data > Strike Data. 5. Select one of the following: • In Selected Region: Strike the data from the area you selected. • Outside Selected Region: Strike all data except the area you selected. The selected data is removed from the table. Restoring Struck Data You can restore previously struck data in any view. 1. Select the range of data to restore or if restoring all struck data, start at step two. 2. Click Data > Restore Data. 3. Select one of the following: • In Selected Region - Restore data in the selected area. • Outside Selected Region - Restore data outside the selected area. Beginning of selection End of selection.

49 • All Data - Restore all data. No data selection necessary. The data is restored.

51 Analyzing Data in Graph View In the Vernier DataQuest™ application, use Graph View to analyze data. Start by setting up graphs, and then using analysis tools such as integral, statistics, and curve fit to investigate the mathematical nature of the data. Important: The Graph menu and Analyze menu items are only available when working in Graph View. Viewing Data for Analysis When analyzing data, you can view information in the View Details area, the View All Details dialog box, or on the graph. Examining the View Details Area Data When you perform analysis options, open the All Details for Graph dialog box to examine the details for the data. You can open and close this dialog box as often as you need. Important: Some information is only shown in the View Details dialog box. The detail information is shown in the View Details area even when the dialog box is closed. You can expand the View Details area to have more space to display information. To view details for collected data: 1. Right-click in the View Detail area to open the menu. Handheld: Press /b . 2. Click Details > All Details. The All Details for Graph dialog box opens.

Use the scroll bar to view the rest of the data. 3. Click OK. Other options under the Details context menu may be available. These options are subsets you can select if you only want to view some of the details. Expanding the View Details Area Use this procedure to expand the View Detail area. Increasing its size reduces the size of the graph. Use this same procedure to reduce the View Details area. In this example, tangent line and statistics are displayed. 1. Place the cursor at the edge of the View Details area and hover until the cursor changes to . 2. Click and hold until the cursor changes to .

53 3. Drag the area to the right to increase the size, and then click to set the size. Drag the area to the left to decrease the size, and then click to set the size. Interpolating the Value Between Two Data Points Use Interpolate to estimate the value between two data points and to determine the value of a Curve Fit between and beyond these data points. You can find the area under all of the data or a selected region of the data. The examine line moves from data point to data point. When Interpolate is on, the examine line moves between and beyond data points. To use Interpolate: 1. Click Analyze > Interpolate. A check mark appears in the menu next to the option. 2. Click the graph. The examine indicator is drawn to the nearest data point. The values of the plotted data are shown in the View details area and the All Details for Graph dialog box. You can shift the examine line by moving the cursor with the arrow keys or by clicking on another data point. For information on clearing the Integral analysis, see Removing Analysis Options. Finding the Slope Tangent displays a measure of the rate at which the data is changing at the point you are examining. The value is labeled “Slope.”

To find the slope: 1. Click Analyze > Tangent. A check mark appears in the menu next to the option. 2. Click the graph. The examine indicator is drawn to the nearest data point. The values of the plotted data are shown in the View details area and the All Details for Graph dialog box. You can move the examine line by moving the cursor with the arrow keys or clicking on another data point. For information on clearing the Integral analysis, see Removing Analysis Options. Finding the Area Under a Data Plot Use Integral to determine the area under a data plot. You can find the area under all of the data or a selected region of the data. To find the area under a data plot: 1. Leave the graph unselected to examine all the data, or select a range to examine a specific area. 2. Click Analyze > Integral. 3. Select the plotted column name if you have more than a single column. The data plot area is displayed in the View Details area.

55 For information on clearing the Integral analysis, see Removing Analysis Options. Generating Statistics Use this option to determine the statistics associated with the plotted data. Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, and number of samples are calculated. You can find the statistics for all the data or a selected region of data. The values are displayed in the View details area and in the All Details for Graph dialog box. To generate statistics: 1. Leave the graph unselected to examine all the data, or select a range to examine a specific area. 2. Click Analyze > Statistics. 3. Select the plotted column name if you have more than a single column. For example, run1.Pressure. The Stats dialog box opens. 4. Review the data.

5. Click OK. For information on clearing the Statistics analysis, see Removing Analysis Options. Generating a Curve Fit Use Curve Fit to find the best curve fit to match the data. Select all of the data or a selected region of data. The curve is drawn on the graph. To generate curve fit: 1. Leave the graph unselected to examine all the data, or select a range to examine a specific area. 2. Click Analyze > Curve Fit. The Model dialog box is displayed. 3. Select the curve fit option from the drop-down list. Curve Fit option Calculated in the form: Linear y = m*x + b Quadratic y = a*x^2 + b*x + c Cubic y = a*x^3 + b*x^2 + c*x + d Quartic y = a*x^4 + b*x^3 + c*x^2 + d*x + e Power (ax^b) y = a*x^b Exponential (ab^x) y = a*b^x Logarithmic y = a + b*ln(x) Sinusoidal y = a*sin(b*x + c) + d Logistic (d 0) y = c/(1 + a*e^(-bx)) + d Natural Exponential y = a*e^(-c*x) Proportional y = a*x

57 The Fit Linear dialog box opens. 4. Click OK. The following image is an example of a Quadratic curve fit. 5. Review the data. For information on clearing the Curve Fit analysis, see Removing Analysis Options.

Plotting a Model This option provides a manual method for plotting a function to fit data. Use one of the predefined models or enter your own. You can also set the spin increment to use in the View Details dialog box. Spin increment is the value by which the coefficient changes when you click the spin buttons in the View Details dialog box. For example, if you set m1=1 as the spin increment, when you click the up spin button the value changes to 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and so on. If you click the down spin button, the value changes to 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and so on. To plot the model: 1. Click Analyze > Model. The Model dialog box opens. 2. Type your own function. —or— Click to select a value from the drop-down list. 3. Click OK. The Set Coefficient Values dialog box opens.

59 4. Type the value for the variables. 5. Type the change in value in the Spin Increment fields. 6. Click OK. Note: These values are the initial values. You can also adjust these values in the View Details area. The model is shown on the graph with adjustment options in the View Details area and in the All Details for Graph dialog box. Notice that the minimum and maximum axis are too large for this particular example. 7. (Optional) Adjust the window setting for minimum and maximum axis values. For more information, see Setting the Axis for One Graph. Spin buttons

For information on clearing the Model analysis, see Removing Analysis Options. 8. Click to make any desired adjustments to the coefficients. —or— Click the value in the View Details area. This graphic is an example of a model with adjusted values. Removing Analysis Options When clearing previously analyzed data from the graph and the View Details area, you can choose to clear all data, a specific data display, or remove any generated models. Use the View Detail menu to remove the following items: • Integral

61 • Statistics • Curve Fit • Model 1. Click Analyze > Remove. 2. Select the data display you want to remove. The display you selected is removed from the graph and the View Details area.

63 Using Advanced Data Collection Options To collect information at a remote location, you will set up and use a remote sensor. Use one of the two following methods to collect data using a remote sensor: • The manual trigger on the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle or a sensor with a trigger to start the collection. • A time delay to start the collection. Setting Up Offline Sensors Use the Add Offline Sensor option to set collection parameters and change units for a sensor that is not currently attached to a computer or handheld. You cannot use a sensor offline, but you can prepare it for use before it is attached. This option makes it faster to share the sensor during a lesson or lab when there are not enough sensors for everyone. 1. Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Configure Sensor > Add Offline Sensor. The Select Sensor dialog box opens. 2. Select a sensor from the drop-down list. The sensor is displayed in the view you have open. 3. Click View > Meter. The Meter view shows the list of available sensors. The following example shows an offline motion detector sensor in Meter view.

Setting Up a Remote Collection Unit Only the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle, TI CBR 2™, and Vernier Go!Motion® support remote data collection. Sensors use values currently defined in the Vernier DataQuest™ application. You must edit these collection mode values before you set up the remote unit. For more information, see Modifying Sensor Settings. To select the collection unit: 1. Connect a sensor. 2. Set up the experiment by opening a new document and setting the collection mode. For more information, see Setting the Collection Mode. 3. Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Remote Collection. 4. Select a data collection device from the drop-down list. The Remote Setup Details dialog box opens. 5. (Optional) Type the delay value.

65 Setting the delay at zero allows you to use the manual trigger button on the Lab Cradle to start the collection. See Using the Manual Trigger to Start the Collection. 6. Click OK. The Remote Setup dialog box opens. A message is displayed telling you how to start the collection and that it is safe to disconnect the data collection device. 7. Disconnect the sensor. 8. View the LED lights to determine if the sensor is ready to collect data. • Red. Indicates that the system is not ready. • Amber. Indicates the system is ready, but is not collecting data. • Green. Indicates the system is collecting data. 9. Press the trigger to collect data. Setting Up the Sensor for Triggering To start data collection based on a specific sensor reading, the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle and sensor must be connected. You must set the sensor and the threshold type for the system to use when collecting data. When the trigger is reached, the sensor starts collecting data. To set up the trigger: 1. Connect the sensor. 2. Click Experiment > Advanced Set up > Triggering > Set Up. The Configure Trigger dialog box opens.

3. Select the sensor from the Select the sensor to use as trigger drop- down list. Note: The menu displays the sensors connected to the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle. 4. Select one of the following from the Select the type of trigger to use drop-down list. • Increasing through threshold. Use to trigger on increasing values. • Decreasing through threshold. Use to trigger on decreasing values. 5. Type the appropriate value in the Enter the trigger threshold in units of the selected sensor field. When entering the trigger value, enter a value within the range of the sensor. If you change the unit type after setting the threshold, the value automatically updates. For example, if you use the Vernier Gas Pressure sensor with the units set as atm and you later change the units to kPa, the settings are updated. 6. Type the number of data points to keep before the trigger value occurs. 7. Click OK. The trigger is now set and enabled if values were entered.

67 8. (Optional) Select Experiment > Advanced Set up > Triggering to verify the active indicator is set to Enabled. Important: When the trigger is enabled, it stays active until it is disabled or you start a new experiment. Enabling a Disabled Trigger If you set the trigger values in the current experiment, and then disable them, you can enable the triggers again. To enable a trigger: Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Triggering > Enable. The trigger is now active. Disabling an Enabled Trigger To disable the active trigger. Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Triggering > Disable. The trigger is no longer active. Using the Manual Trigger to Start the Collection 1. Save and close any open documents. When performing experiments, TI recommends that you have only one document open. The system cannot determine which of the documents to use with the sensor if multiple documents are open. 2. Create a new document. Creating a new document ensures that the Vernier DataQuest™ application is set to its default values. 3. Attach a sensor to the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle. 4. Attach the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle to the computer or handheld. 5. Set up an experiment. 6. Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Remote Collection > TI-Nspire Lab Cradle. The Remote Setup Details dialog box opens.

7. Review the settings. Verify the delay is at zero (no delay). Setting the delay at zero allows you to use the manual trigger button on the Lab Cradle to start data collection. 8. Click OK. The Remote Setup dialog box opens indicating the sensor is ready for remote collection. 9. Disconnect the Lab Cradle. 10. Click OK. When you disconnect the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle from the handheld or computer, verify the status. When the LED transfer is blinking amber, the Lab Cradle is ready to collect data. 11. Press the trigger button on the Lab Cradle. The data collection starts immediately. After you have collected data, see Retrieving Remote Data. Using a Delay to Start the Collection 1. Save and close any open documents. When performing experiments, TI recommends that you have only one document open. The system cannot determine which of the documents to use with the sensor if multiple documents are open.

69 2. Create a new document. Creating a new document ensures that the Vernier DataQuest™ application is set to its default values. 3. Attach a sensor to the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle. 4. Attach the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle to the computer or handheld. 5. Click Experiment > Advanced Set Up > Remote Collection > TI-Nspire Lab Cradle. The Remote Setup Details dialog box opens. 6. Review the settings. 7. Type the amount of time in seconds to delay the start of the collection. Important: When you use a delay, the manual trigger button on the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle has no impact on the start of the collection. 8. Click OK. The Delayed Remote Setup dialog box opens indicating when sampling will begin. 9. Click OK. The Remote Setup dialog box opens indicating the countdown has started.

10. Click OK. 11. Disconnect the Lab Cradle. 12. View the LED lights to determine if the sensor is ready to collect data. • Red. Indicates that the system is not ready. • Amber. Indicates the system is ready, but is not collecting data. • Green. Indicates the system is collecting data. 13. Collect the data. After you have collected the data, see Retrieving Remote Data. Retrieving Remote Data After data is collected, you must transfer the data to the computer or handheld. After the data transfers, you can analyze the data. For more information, see Analyzing Data in Graph View. To retrieve data: 1. Open the Vernier DataQuest™ application. 2. Attach the TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle to the handheld or computer. The Remote Data Detected dialog box opens. 3. Click Import. The data transfers to the Vernier DataQuest™ application.

71 Working with Advanced Analysis Features Use the Vernier DataQuest™ application advanced data analysis features to: • Replay the data collection. • Adjust derivative settings. • Draw a predictive plot. • Use Motion Match. • Examine graphs using the Page Layout view. Replaying the Data Collection Use the Replay option to playback the data collection. This option lets you: • Select the data set you want to replay. • Pause the playback. • Advance the playback by one point at a time. • Adjust the playback rate. • Repeat the playback. Selecting the Data Set to Replay You can replay one data set at a time. By default, the latest data set plays using the first column as the base column (example: time reference). If you have multiple data sets, and want a different data set or base column than the default, you can select the data set to replay and the base column. To select the data set to replay: 1. Click Experiment > Replay > Advanced Settings. The Advanced Replay Settings dialog box opens.

2. Select the data set to replay from the Data Set drop-down list. Note: Changing the run in the Data Set selection tool does not affect the playback choice. You must specify which data set in Experiment > Replay > Advanced Settings. 3. (Optional) Select a new value from the Base Column drop-down list. The selected column acts as the “Time” column for the replay. Note: The base column should be a strictly increasing list of numbers. 4. Click Start to start the playback and save the settings. Note: Data Set and Base Column options are based on the number of stored runs and the sensor type used. Starting the Playback To start the playback: Select Experiment > Replay > Start Playback. Playback of the data set run starts, and the Data Collection Control buttons change to Stop Playback, Pause, and Advance by One Point. The Advanced by One Point button (and menu item) is inactive until you pause the replay. Pausing the Playback To pause the playback: Select Experiment > Replay > Pause or click . The following events occur: • The playback pauses. • The menu option changes to "Resume." • The button changes to . • The menu option Advance by One Point becomes active. Restarting the Playback To restart the playback after pausing: Select Experiment > Replay > Resume. The playback resumes.

73 Advancing the Playback by One Point Use this option to advance the playback point by point. The playback must be selected and paused for this option to be available. To advance the paused playback: Select Experiment > Replay > Advance One. The playback advances by one point until the last point is reached. Adjusting the Playback Rate To adjust the playback rate: 1. Select Experiment > Replay > Playback Rate. The Playback Rate dialog box opens. 2. In the Playback Rate field, click ¤ to open the drop-down list. 3. Select the rate at which the playback will play. Normal speed is 1.00. A higher value is faster, and a lower value is slower. 4. Select one of the following options: • Click Start to start the playback and save the settings. • Click OK to save the settings for use on the next playback. Repeating the Playback 1. Select Experiment > Replay > Start Playback. 2. Click Start to start the playback and save the settings. Adjusting Derivative Settings Use this option to select the number of points to use in derivative calculations. This value affects the tangent tool, velocity, and acceleration values. Find pH derivative settings using a calculated column.

The Vernier DataQuest™ application can determine a numeric derivative of a list of data with respect to another list of data. The data can be collected using sensors, input manually, or linked from other applications. The numerical derivative is found using a calculated column. To determine the numerical 1st derivative of List B with respect to List A, enter the following expression in the Column Options dialog: derivative(B,A,1,0) or derivative(B,A,1,1) To determine the numerical 2nd derivative of List B with respect to List A, enter the following express: derivative(B,A,2,0) or derivative (B,A,2,1) The last parameter is either 0 or 1 depending on the method you are using. When it is 0, a weighted average is used. When it is 1, a time shifted derivative method is used. Note: The first derivative calculation (weighted average) is what the Tangent tool uses to display the slope at a data point when examining data. (Analyze > Tangent). Note: The derivative calculation is completely row based. It is recommended that your List A data be sorted in ascending order. 1. Click Options > Derivative Settings. The Settings dialog box opens. 2. Select the number of points from the drop-down list. 3. Click OK. Drawing and Clearing a Predictive Plot You can add points to the graph to draw a prediction and you can remove the prediction. Drawing a Predictive Outcome Use this option to add points to the graph to predict the outcome of an experiment. To draw the prediction:

75 1. Click Analyze > Draw Prediction > Draw. 2. Move the cursor over the graph, and then click each area in which you want to place a point. 3. Press Esc to release the drawing tool. Handheld: Press d. The following image is an example of a drawn prediction. Clearing the Prediction To clear the drawn prediction: Click Analyze > Draw Prediction > Clear. Using Motion Match Use this option to create a randomly generated plot when creating position versus time or velocity versus time graphs. This feature is only available when using a motion detector like the CBR 2™ sensor or the Go!Motion® sensor. Generating a Motion Match Plot To generate a plot: 1. Attach the motion detector. 2. Click View > Graph. 3. Click Analyze > Motion Match. 4. Select one of the following options: • New Position Match. Generates a random position plot.

• New Velocity Match. Generates a random velocity plot. The following image is an example of the Motion Match (New Velocity Match) generated plot: Note: Continue selecting a new position or a new velocity match to generate a new random plot without removing the existing plot. Removing a Motion Match Plot To remove the generated plot: Click Analyze > Motion Match > Remove Match.

active view, or with the Print All option you can print: • One data view. • All of the data views. • A combination of the data views. The Print All option has no affect in applications outside of the Vernier DataQuest™ application. Selecting Print All Options To select the Print All option: 1. Click Options > Print All Settings. The Print All Settings dialog box opens. 2. Select one of the following options: • Print Current View. The current view is sent to the printer. • Print All Views. All three views (Meter, Graph, & Table) are sent to the printer. • More. Only the views you select are sent to the printer. If you select More: – Select the views to print. – Click OK. The Print All settings are now complete and can be used when printing. Printing Data Views To print a data view: 1. Click File > Print.

The Print dialog box opens. 3. Select additional options, if needed. 4. Click Print to send the document to the printer.

79 Using the Sensors and Data with Other Applications The Sensor Console is a specialized view of the Vernier DataQuest™ application designed for using sensors with other TI-Nspire™ applications such as: • Graphs • Geometry • Data & Statistics • Lists & Spreadsheet When you perform experiments, TI recommends that you have only one document open. The system cannot determine which of the documents to use with the sensor if multiple documents are open. Collecting Data in Other Applications To use Sensor Console with a sensor: 1. Open the application you want to use to capture the data. 2. Click Insert > Sensor Console. Handheld: Press ~, and then Insert > Sensor Console. 3. Attach the sensor if it is not already attached. 4. Wait a moment for the Sensor Console area to become active. 5. Click Collect Data > Start Collections. 6. Wait for the data set run to end or stop the collection. Stopping Data Collection To stop collecting data: 1. Click Collect Data > Stop Collection. Handheld: Press b and select Collect Data > Stop Collection 2. Click Collect Data > Close Console. The data set is available for use in the current application.

Opening the Sensor Console Application Menus The Sensor Console menus are a subset of the Vernier DataQuest™ menus. Accessing the Application Menu on the Computer To access the Sensor Console menu: 1. Click anywhere on the Sensor Console bar. Handheld: Press b. 2. Click Collect Data. The Sensor Console menu opens. Note: To access options specific to the Sensor Console, right-click the Sensor Console bar. On a handheld, press / b.

81 Viewing Existing Data You can view data collected and stored from a different TI-Nspire™ application in the current application. 1. Open the document with the captured data set. For example, open the Graphs application. 2. Click Insert > [other application]. For example, insert Lists and Spreadsheet. The selected application opens. 3. Click Insert > Sensor Console. The Sensor Console area opens at the bottom of the application. In this example a sensor is attached, but it does not have any affect on this procedure.

4. Click Collect Data > View Data in Apps on Current Page. Handheld: a) Click in the Sensor Console area. b) Press b, and then Collect Data > View Data in Apps on Current Page. Wait until the data is populated. After a few moments, the data is displayed. 5. Click Collect Data > Close Console.

83 You can now work with the data in the current application. Analyzing Data in the Data & Statistics Application When you open existing data in the Data & Statistics application, the data first displays as a Dot Point graph. You must take additional steps to organize the points. The following image is an example of existing data opened as a Dot Point graph in the Data and Statistics application. 1. Open the document containing the data set in the Data & Statistics application. 2. Click the text “Click to add variable” on the y-axis. 3. Select the variable. 4. Click the text “Click to add variable” on the x-axis. 5. Select the variable. The data is replotted. y-axis x-axis

application. • 25-g Accelerometer • 3-Axis Accelerometer • Low-g Accelerometer • CBR 2™ - Connects directly to handheld USB port • Go! Motion - Connects directly to computer USB port • Extra Long Temperature Probe • Stainless Steel Temperature Probe • Surface Temperature Sensor • Ammonium Ion-Selective Electrode • Anemometer • Barometer • Blood Pressure Sensor • C02 Gas Sensor • Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode • Charge Sensor • Chloride Ion-Selective Electrode • Colorimeter • Conductivity Probe • High Current Sensor • Current Probe • Differential Voltage Probe • Digital Control Unit • Digital Radiation Monitor • Dissolved Oxygen Sensor • Dual-Range Force Sensor • EKG Sensor • Electrode Amplifier • Flow Rate Sensor

• Hand Dynamometer • Hand-Grip Heart Rate Monitor • Instrumentation Amplifier • Light Sensor • Magnetic Field Sensor • Microphone • Mini Gas Chromatograph • Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode • O2 Gas Sensor • ORP Sensor • pH Sensor • Power Amplifier • Relative Humidity Sensor • Respiration Monitor Belt (Requires Gas Pressure Sensor) • Rotary Motion Sensor • Salinity Sensor • Soil Moisture Sensor • Sound Level Meter • Spirometer • Student Radiation Monitor • Thermocouple • TI-Light - Sold only with the CBL 2™ • TI-Temp - Sold only with the CBL 2™ • TI-Voltage - Sold only with the CBL 2™ • Tris-Compatible Flat pH Sensor • Turbidity Sensor • UVA Sensor • UVB Sensor • Vernier Drop Counter

89 TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle The TI-Nspire™ Lab Cradle is a device used with TI-Nspire™ handhelds, TI-Nspire™ software for computers, or as a stand-alone tool to collect data. The Lab Cradle supports all TI sensors. It also supports more than 50 analog and digital Vernier DataQuest™ sensors, including motion detectors and photogate sensors. To see the full list of supported sensors, go to education.ti.com/education/nspire/sensors. Important: The TI-Nspire™ CM-C Handheld is not compatible with the Lab Cradle and only supports the use of a single sensor at a time. The Lab Cradle comes pre-loaded with its own operating system (OS). The TI-Nspire™ 3.0 operating system for handheld and computer software has been preset to recognize the Lab Cradle so you can start using it immediately. Note: Any TI-Nspire™ OS earlier than 3.0 will not recognize the Lab Cradle. For more information about upgrading a handheld OS, see Getting Started with the TI-Nspire™ CX Handheld or Getting Started with the TI-Nspire™ Handheld.

Exploring the Lab Cradle The following graphic shows the front and back of the Lab Cradle. 1 TI-Nspire™ logo. The TI-Nspire™ name. 2 Analog ports. The three BT analog ports used to connect analog sensors. The other side of the cradle has two digital ports for digital sensors. 3 Battery panel and compartment area. The compartment is where the rechargeable battery is located. Two cross-slotted screws are used to secure the panel to the Lab Cradle. 4 Lanyard attachment point. A metal bar for attaching a lanyard. 5 Digital ports. The two digital ports used to connect digital sensors. 6 Reset button. Press this button to reboot the operating system if the Lab Cradle does not respond to commands. Data may be lost when the Lab Cradle reboots. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

91 7 Trigger. Pressing this button is one method for capturing data from attached sensors. Use this trigger when using the Lab Cradle as a stand-alone data collection tool. 8 Label. Displays the serial number and other hardware information. 9 Handheld transfer connector. Used to connect the handheld and Lab Cradle when collecting or transferring data. 10Locking latch. Used to lock the Lab Cradle and handheld together. Setting up the Lab Cradle for Data Collection Before you can use the Lab Cradle to collect data, you must connect it to a handheld or computer to define the collection parameters. Attaching the Lab Cradle To attach a handheld to a Lab Cradle, slide the handheld into the connector at the bottom of the Lab Cradle. To lock the handheld to the Lab Cradle, push the lock up with the handheld facing up. Push the lock down to release the handheld. You can also connect to a handheld by plugging the handheld’s cable into the Lab Cradle’s mini-USB port. This connection lets you transfer data from the Lab Cradle to the handheld when you have collected data in the stand-alone mode. To connect the Lab Cradle to a computer, plug the cable’s mini-USB connector into the Lab Cradle’s mini-USB port. Then plug the cable’s standard USB connector into the computer’s standard USB port. Defining Collection Parameters You must have the TI-Nspire™ software loaded on the computer or handheld. Use the built-in Vernier DataQuest™ app to: • Modify sensor settings. • Set up data collection modes. • Define triggering. For more information, see the TI-Nspire™ Data Collection and Analysis Guidebook. Using the Lab Cradle The Lab Cradle can be used in the classroom or remotely. Collect the data with the Lab Cradle, and then retrieve the data later. Store the data on the Lab Cradle until you return to the classroom, and then transfer it to a handheld or computer for analysis.

Using the Lab Cradle with a Handheld You can connect the Lab Cradle to your handheld to collect or retrieve data. Using the Lab Cradle with a Computer The Lab Cradle works with all Windows® and Mac® operating systems currently supported by the TI-Nspire™ Teacher and Student computer software. Using the Lab Cradle as a Stand-Alone Data Collection Tool You can use the Lab Cradle in stand-alone mode to collect data either manually or automatically. Press the trigger button to manually start and stop data collection when in stand-alone mode. Note: For long-term data collections TI recommends you use an AC adapter for a handheld or a remote collection device such as the Lab Cradle. Before collecting data, set up the data collection parameters using the Vernier DataQuest™ app or use the sensor’s default settings. If you do not change the parameters and use a single sensor, the Lab Cradle collects data using the sensor’s default settings. If you use multiple sensors, the Lab Cradle collects samples beginning with the sensor that has the shortest collection time requirement. You do not have to reconnect the Lab Cradle to the same computer or handheld to download the data. You can use any computer or handheld running a compatible OS and TI-Nspire™ software to download the data. Learning About the Lab Cradle Portability The Lab Cradle fits into the palm of most high school students' hands when connected to the TI-Nspire™ handheld. The Lab Cradle features an attachment point for a lanyard. Students can attach a lanyard to wear the Lab Cradle around their neck. This feature lets students keep their hands free to steady themselves in rough terrain during remote data collection activities. When collecting data for an experiment that subjects the Lab Cradle to intense movement, TI recommends that students wear a Vernier Data Vest or zip-up jacket with the sensor secured both around the student’s neck as well as to the student’s chest. For example, if a student is measuring speed or motion on a roller coaster, the Lab Cradle may bounce around due to the movement of the roller coaster. Wearing a zip-up jacket or Vernier Data Vest limits the movement of the Lab Cradle.

93 Durability The Lab Cradle is durable enough to withstand extensive use in the classroom and in the field. It is designed to survive being dropped from a height of 36 inches, the height of a standard lab table. Storing/Operating Temperature Ranges The Lab Cradle storage temperature range is between -40°C (32° F) to 70°C (158° F). The Lab Cradle, when used as a stand-alone data collection tool, operates in temperatures from 10° C (50° F) to 45° C (113° F). Triggering Methods The Lab Cradle has two options for triggering data collection—automatic or manual. To use automatic triggering, define the criteria in the Vernier DataQuest™ application to start data collection. The Lab Cradle can trigger on either an increasing or decreasing value. Manual triggering is defined in the Vernier DataQuest™ app. By setting the trigger delay value to zero, you can start data collection by pressing the trigger button on the Lab Cradle when using it as a stand-alone data collection tool. You can define a delay in triggering the data collection when using the Lab Cradle with a computer or handheld. The Vernier DataQuest™ app starts a countdown based on the time delay you define. When the countdown reaches zero, the Lab Cradle and its connected sensors begin collecting data. Multi-Channel Data Collection You can connect up to five sensors to the Lab Cradle. It provides three analog BT connectors and two digital BT connectors. The Lab Cradle supports multi-channel data collection by allowing you to collect data through all five sensors at the same time. When using all five sensors at the same time, the time stamp is the same for all data collection streams. Sampling Rate The maximum sampling rate for a Lab Cradle using a single BT sensor is 100,000 samples per second. This sampling rate allows you to collect data for high-sample sensors, such as microphones, blood pressure monitors, and hand-grip heart rate monitors.

If using more than one sensor at the same time, the 100,000 samples per second rate is divided by the number of connected sensors. For example, when using: • One sensor, data is collected at 100,000. • Two sensors, data is collected at 50 kHz per sensor. • Three sensors, data is collected at 33.3 kHz per sensor. Some sensor’s maximum sample rates are less than the maximum sample rate of the Lab Cradle. For example, with five sensors connected to the Lab Cradle, data may be collected at 20 kHz per sensor; however, temperature sensors may only be capable of collecting data at 1 kHz so it will only collect data at that rate. Viewing Data Collection Status The Lab Cradle has an LED light located on the top to indicate data collection status. This light will be red, green, or amber and use a variety of blink patterns. Red • Red indicates that you need to wait until the system is ready. • Slow blink: The Lab Cradle is updating experiment storage space. This is automatic behavior and does not impact active collections. • Fast blink: Indicates one or more attached sensors are not warmed up. (You may still collect data during the warm-up period but you risk the data being less precise.) Amber • Amber indicates the system is ready but the collection has not yet started. • One blink per second: The sensor is configured and set up for sampling. • Slow blink: The Lab Cradle is connected to a computer or handheld running TI-Nspire™ software but not set up for sampling. • Fast blink: The Lab Cradle is ready for data collection when you press the trigger. TOP Data collection activity status

95 Green • Green indicates the system is actively collecting data. • Slow blink: Actively collecting data. Note: There may be a slight variation in the duration of the blink depending on the mode/rate of collection. • Fast blink: Pre-storing data prior to a trigger. Alternating Amber and Green • The blinking pattern indicates the system is in trigger mode but has not yet reached the trigger event. Managing Power When managing the power for the Lab Cradle, you must consider the power source being used. The Lab Cradle can be powered by its rechargeable battery or a connected power cord. Batteries The Lab Cradle runs on a rechargeable battery that supports one full day of high-use, high-consumption sensor data collection before recharging. An example of high-use data collection is an experiment requiring 150 total minutes of continuous data collection with CO2 (47 mA) and O2 sensors at one sample every 15 seconds. The battery recharges in less than 12 hours. Viewing the Battery Status There are two ways to view battery status: when attached to a handheld, or by looking at the LED light. When the Lab Cradle is attached to a TI-Nspire™ handheld, you can view the battery status for both. The first value is the handheld and the second value is the Lab Cradle.

Press c 5 (Settings) 4 (Status). When you attach the Lab Cradle directly to a computer, you do not see a power indicator. Use the LED light on the top of the Lab Cradle to determine battery status. When the Lab Cradle is connected to a USB power source (either wall charger or computer): • Red - Slow blinking LED indicates the charge is low but charging. • Amber - Slow blinking LED indicates the Lab Cradle is charging • Green - Slow blinking LED indicates the Lab Cradle is fully charged. When in the TI-Nspire™ Cradle Charging Bay: • Red - Solid LED indicates the charge is low but is still charging. • Amber - Solid LED indicates the Lab Cradle is charging. • Green - Solid LED indicates the Lab Cradle is fully charged. When running and not charging: • Red - Blinking LED indicates the battery is below six percent. • Amber - Blinking LED indicates the battery is below 30 percent. • Green - Blinking LED indicates the battery is between 30 percent and 96 percent. Two green blinks per second indicates the battery is over 96 percent. Managing Battery Power When the battery power reaches 30 percent, a yellow LED indicates the Lab Cradle needs to be charged. The LED turns red when the battery power reaches five percent. When managing battery power for the Lab Cradle, remember that some sensors need to warm up before use. You can collect data while the sensor is warming up; however, the data may not be as precise. When you start a long-term or remote data collection, the system checks current power sources to determine if the sources are adequate to support the sensors from the beginning to the end of the experiment. TOP Battery status