Fourier MultiLogPRO Operation & User’s Manual
Text of the manual
Put the world of scientific data at the fingertips of your students
The perfect combination between
a graphic calculator and a data
logger
New & Improved!
12b resolution & timing module
New & Improved!
12b resolution & timing module
Integrating student
computing & science
MultiLogPRO System Contents ...................................................3
1.1.2.
External Connections................................................................4
1.1.3.
Battery...................................................................................5
1.1.4.
AC/DC Adaptor ........................................................................5
1.1.5.
Automatic Shut-off...................................................................5
1.2. Standalone Operation .....................................................................6
1.2.1.
Front Panel Layout ...................................................................6
1.2.2.
Input Modes............................................................................7
1. Auto ID .........................................................................7
2. 8 Inputs ........................................................................7
1.2.3.
Quick-Start .............................................................................7
1.2.4.
Working with the MultiLogPRO Menus ....................................... 10
1. Turning MultiLogPRO On and Off ..................................... 10
2. Main Menu Display ........................................................ 10
3. Menu Buttons ............................................................... 10
4. Menu Icons and Commands............................................ 11
1.2.5.
Graphic Display ..................................................................... 13
1. The Cursor................................................................... 13
2. Zooming ...................................................................... 13
1.2.6.
Measuring Timing Events ........................................................ 13
1. Stopwatch.................................................................... 14
2. Time and Speed............................................................ 15
3. Time, Speed and Acceleration ......................................... 16
1.2.7.
Select Sensors Manually.......................................................... 17
1.2.8.
Load the Last Setup ............................................................... 18
1.2.9.
Configure Your MultiLogPRO .................................................... 18
1. Input Mode .................................................................. 18
2. Clear Memory............................................................... 19
3. DO2 Sensor Calibration .................................................. 19
4. Screen Contrast............................................................ 19
5. Connect to a Computer or to a TI Calculator ..................... 19
1.2.10. Internal Clock and Calendar..................................................... 19
1.2.11. Clear the Memory .................................................................. 20
1.2.12. Choose the Right Setup .......................................................... 20
1.2.13. Programming Rules and Limitations .......................................... 21
1. Sampling Points ............................................................ 21
2. Sampling Rate .............................................................. 22
3. Continuous Sampling..................................................... 22
1.3. Sensor Calibration ........................................................................ 23
1.3.1.
Hardware Offset Calibration..................................................... 23
1.3.2.
MultiLogPRO Automatic Zero Calibration.................................... 23
1.3.3.
pH Temperature Compensation ................................................ 24
1.3.4.
DO2 Calibration...................................................................... 24
1.3.5.
MultiLab Sensor Calibration ..................................................... 24
Factory Calibration (No Calibration Required) ............................. 24
Chapter 2
MultiLab Software................................................................... 25
2.1. Installing the Software .................................................................. 25
2.1.1.
System Requirements............................................................. 25
1. Windows...................................................................... 25
2. Mac OS........................................................................ 25
2.1.2.
MultiLab Installation ............................................................... 26
1. Windows OS (instructions based on WinXP) ...................... 26
2. Mac OS........................................................................ 28
2.2. Overview..................................................................................... 29
2.2.1.
MultiLab On-screen Layout ...................................................... 29
2.2.2.
MultiLab Window Layout ......................................................... 29
2.2.3.
Working with Projects............................................................. 30
2.3. Getting Started ............................................................................ 31
2.3.1.
Set up a Recording Session ..................................................... 31
1. Prepare MultiLogPRO ..................................................... 31
2. Enable Video Recording.................................................. 31
3. Setup the MultiLogPRO .................................................. 32
4. Start Recording............................................................. 32
2.3.2.
Data Recording Options .......................................................... 32
1. Single Measurement ...................................................... 32
2. Replace ....................................................................... 32
3. Add............................................................................. 32
2.3.3.
Manual Sampling ................................................................... 32
2.3.4.
Online Video.......................................................................... 33
1. Online Video................................................................. 33
2. Recording .................................................................... 33
3. Replaying an Experiment................................................ 33
4. Video and Audio Properties............................................. 33
2.3.5.
Download Data ...................................................................... 34
2.3.6.
The Timer Module .................................................................. 35
1. Working with the Timer Module Wizard............................. 35
2. Measuring Methods ....................................................... 36
3. Time Schemes and Calculations ...................................... 38
2.3.7.
Save Data............................................................................. 40
2.3.8.
Open a File ........................................................................... 40
2.3.9.
Create a New Project.............................................................. 40
2.3.10. Import Data .......................................................................... 40
2.3.11. Print..................................................................................... 41
1. Print a Graph................................................................ 41
2. Print a Table................................................................. 41
2.4. Viewing the Data.......................................................................... 43
2.4.1.
Display Options ..................................................................... 43
2.4.2.
Graph Display........................................................................ 43
1. Split Graph View ........................................................... 44
2. The Cursor................................................................... 44
3. Zooming ...................................................................... 45
4. Panning ....................................................................... 46
5. Edit the Graph .............................................................. 46
6. Format the Graph ......................................................... 47
7. Change the Graph’s Units and its Number Format.............. 47
8. Add Annotations to the Graph ......................................... 48
9. Add a Graph to the Project ............................................. 49
2.4.3.
The Table Display................................................................... 49
1. Editing Data Values ....................................................... 49
2. Editing the Table........................................................... 49
3. Formatting the Table ..................................................... 50
4. Add a Table to the Project .............................................. 50
2.4.4.
Meters.................................................................................. 51
2.4.5.
Data Map.............................................................................. 51
1. Control the Display with the Data Map ............................. 51
2. Understanding Data Map Icons........................................ 52
2.4.6.
Export Data to Excel............................................................... 53
1. Export File Settings ....................................................... 53
2.4.7.
Copy the Graph as a Picture .................................................... 53
2.5. Programming MultiLogPRO............................................................. 54
2.5.1.
Setup................................................................................... 54
1. Quick Setup ................................................................. 54
2. Defining Sensor Properties ............................................. 55
3. Setting the Zero Point of a Sensor ................................... 56
4. Presetting the Display.................................................... 57
5. Presetting the Graph’s X-axis.......................................... 58
6. Triggering .................................................................... 58
2.5.2.
Start Recording ..................................................................... 60
2.5.3.
Stop Recording ...................................................................... 60
2.5.4.
Clear MultiLogPRO’s Memory.................................................... 60
2.5.5.
Edit MultiLogPRO’s Experiment Notes........................................ 60
2.5.6.
Calibrating the Sensors........................................................... 61
2.5.7.
Define a Custom Sensor.......................................................... 61
2.5.8.
Communication Setup............................................................. 62
2.6. Analyzing the Data ....................................................................... 65
2.6.1.
Reading Data Point Coordinates ............................................... 65
2.6.2.
Reading the Difference between two Coordinate Values ............... 65
2.6.3.
Working with the Analysis Tools ............................................... 65
2.6.4.
Smoothing ............................................................................ 65
2.6.5.
Statistics .............................................................................. 66
2.6.6.
Most Common Analysis Functions ............................................. 66
1. Linear Fit ..................................................................... 66
2. Derivative .................................................................... 66
3. Integral ....................................................................... 67
2.6.7.
The Analysis Wizard ............................................................... 67
1. Using the Analysis Wizard .............................................. 67
2. Curve Fit...................................................................... 67
3. Averaging .................................................................... 68
4. Functions..................................................................... 69
5. Editing a Function ......................................................... 70
2.6.8.
Available Analysis Tools .......................................................... 70
1. Curve Fit...................................................................... 70
2. Averaging .................................................................... 71
3. Functions..................................................................... 71
2.6.9.
Online Analysis ...................................................................... 74
2.6.10. Manual Curve Fitting .............................................................. 76
2.7. Video Motion Analyzer................................................................... 78
2.7.1.
Overview .............................................................................. 78
2.7.2.
Getting Started...................................................................... 78
1. Video Motion Analyzer Basics .......................................... 78
2. Saving a New Movie ...................................................... 78
3. Opening a Stored Movie ................................................. 79
4. Saving a Video Motion Analyzer Project ............................ 79
5. Opening a Video Motion Analyzer Project .......................... 79
2.7.3.
Capturing a New Movie ........................................................... 79
1. From a Device Attached to your Computer........................ 79
2. From an External Source through a Video Board................ 80
2.7.4.
Capturing Position and Time .................................................... 80
1. Scaling ........................................................................ 81
2. Set Coordinate System .................................................. 81
3. Set Step ...................................................................... 83
4. Mark the Video ............................................................. 83
5. Changing the Colors of the Marker and the Axes................ 86
2.7.5.
Analyzing the Data................................................................. 86
2.8. Workbook.................................................................................... 87
2.8.1.
Working with Workbook .......................................................... 87
2.8.2.
Opening a Worksheet ............................................................. 87
2.8.3.
Create Your Own Worksheet .................................................... 88
1. Create an HTML Document with Word .............................. 88
2. Create a Configuration File ............................................. 88
2.9. Special Tools ............................................................................... 90
2.9.1.
Predicting ............................................................................. 90
2.9.2.
The Timing Wizard ................................................................. 90
1. Overview ..................................................................... 90
2. Working with the Timing Wizard...................................... 91
3. Measuring Methods ....................................................... 92
4. Time Schemes and Calculations ...................................... 94
5. Tips on using the Timing Wizard...................................... 97
2.9.3.
Crop Tool.............................................................................. 98
1. To Trim all Data up to a Point ......................................... 98
2. To Trim all Data Outside a Selected Range........................ 98
2.9.4.
Capture Tool ......................................................................... 98
1. Preparing the Capture Table ........................................... 99
2. Capturing Data ........................................................... 100
3. Displaying the Captured Data on the Graph .................... 100
2.10. Communicating with the Nova5000............................................... 102
2.11. Toolbar Buttons.......................................................................... 104
2.11.1. Main (Upper) Toolbar............................................................ 104
2.11.2. Graph Toolbar ..................................................................... 105
2.11.3. Table Toolbar ...................................................................... 106
2.11.4. Video Motion Analyzer Toolbar ............................................... 106
2.11.5. Capture New Movie Toolbar ................................................... 107
Chapter 3
Working with a TI Calculator .................................................. 109
3.1. Overview................................................................................... 109
3.2. Installing the Software ................................................................ 109
3.3. Getting Started .......................................................................... 109
1. Prepare MultiLogPRO ................................................... 109
2. Run MultiLab on a TI Calculator..................................... 110
3. Setup MultiLogPRO...................................................... 110
4. Start Recording........................................................... 111
5. View the Data............................................................. 112
6. Downloading Data....................................................... 112
3.4. The Graph Display ...................................................................... 112
1. The Cursor................................................................. 112
2. Zooming .................................................................... 112
3. Rescaling ................................................................... 113
4. Auto Scaling............................................................... 113
5. X – Axis Scaling .......................................................... 114
6. Y – Axis Scaling .......................................................... 114
7. Choosing the X–axis .................................................... 115
3.5. Analyzing the Data ..................................................................... 115
1. Applying an Analysis Tool ............................................. 115
2. Curve Fit.................................................................... 116
3. User Curve Fit ............................................................ 117
4. Statistics ................................................................... 117
5. Integral ..................................................................... 118
3.6. Data Collection Modes................................................................. 119
1. Log Data.................................................................... 120
2. Time Graph ................................................................ 120
3. Events with Entry........................................................ 120
4. Single Point................................................................ 120
5. Selected Event............................................................ 121
3.7. Conditioned Data Collection ......................................................... 121
1. To Enable Triggering.................................................... 121
2. To Disable the Triggering Condition ............................... 122
3.8. Calibrating the Sensors ............................................................... 122
1. To Calibrate a Sensor .................................................. 122
2. To Restore the Default Calibration Values ....................... 123
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting Guide........................................................... 125
Chapter 5
Specifications....................................................................... 129
5.1. The MultiLogPRO Data Logger ...................................................... 129
5.2. Sensors .................................................................................... 131
5.3. Accessories................................................................................ 133
5.4. MultiLab Software (Windows and Mac OS)...................................... 134
5.5. MultiLab Software (TI-83 PLUS Calculator)..................................... 135
Appendix A: Figures ............................................................................... 137
Appendix B: Adding a Code Resistor to a Custom Sensor ............................. 138
Index
.......................................................................................... 139
The Fourier Systems MultiLogPRO is a powerful standalone 12-bit data logger with a
clear LCD graphic display and a 128K internal memory. Recorded data is displayed
in the form of graphs, tables, meters or digital displays, and can be analyzed with a
number of pre-programmed analysis functions.
The MultiLogPRO’s internal memory stores experiment notes and instructions for
carrying out the experiment, which can be edited or expanded at any time. These
features enable MultiLogPRO to function independently from a computer - a perfect
solution for when there is a shortage of computers in the laboratory.
MultiLogPRO can record data from up to 8 sensors simultaneously; it is capable of
recording at rates of up to 21,000 samples per second, and of collecting up to
100,000 samples in its internal memory.
MultiLogPRO is very easy to use because all its functions are broken down into 8
icon menus, and its four buttons can browse every menu and execute any of the
commands. In addition, when a sensor is plugged in, the MultiLogPRO automatically
recognizes the type of sensor, and will record the data with the appropriate units.
A rechargeable battery powers the data logger, which shuts off automatically after 15
minutes have passed since the time of the last data recording, since the time the last
button was pressed, or since the time the last communication with the PC.
MultiLogPRO includes a built-in, easy to use, accurate Timer module that enables
the measuring of several types of timing events.
The MultiLogPRO system combines with the powerful MultiLab software. MultiLab
can be installed on Windows ™ or Mac operating systems and also on TI–83 Plus
calculators.
When the MultiLogPRO is connected to a computer, live displays can be viewed at
rates of up to 100/s, and automatic downloads can be carried out at higher rates. The
Windows ™ or Mac-based software can display the data in graphs, tables or meters,
can analyze data with various mathematical tools, and can show live or recorded
video movies of the actual experiment.
MultiLab also includes a Video Motion Analyzer module that enables you to capture
position and time from video movies and analyze the data with MultiLab’s analysis
tools.
Together with the TI–83 Plus calculator, MultiLogPRO becomes a complete portable,
handheld data collection and analysis system.
The large variety of sensors with which MultiLogPRO is compatible makes the unit a
true digital Lab, which can measure scientific phenomena from the fields of Physics,
Chemistry, Biology and the environmental sciences.
MultiLab can also be used to communicate with Fourier’s Nova5000 and run the
Nova5000’s built-in MultiLogPRO data logger. This allows Nova5000 users to extend
the MultiLab CE features to the full featured MultiLab for PC edition.
This manual is divided into five chapters:
•
Chapter 1 is dedicated to the data logger itself. Topics include:
Connecting sensors, configuration through the data logger keypad, and
using the LCD graphic display to take measurements when working
offline.
•
Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive overview of the MultiLab for Windows
and Mac OS software. Topics include: How to download data from the
data logger to a PC, analyzing the data both graphically and
mathematically, using the MultiLab software to program the data logger
when working online, working with the video tool and communicating with
the Nova5000.
•
Chapter 3 guides you in how to operate the MultiLogPRO and TI–83 Plus
system, how to setup MultiLogPRO via the TI calculator, how to download
the data and how to analyze it.
•
Chapter 4 contains a comprehensive troubleshooting guide that gives
answers to common questions.
•
Chapter 5 includes the specifications of the MultiLogPRO system
software and hardware.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
3
Chapter 1
MultiLogPRO
This section will focus on the MultiLogPRO’s data collection device: The data logger.
The section includes:
•
How to operate the MultiLogPRO’s keypad
•
How to set up MultiLogPRO
•
How to connect MultiLogPRO to your PC
1.1. General
1.1.1.
MultiLogPRO System Contents
Figure 1: Contents of the MultiLogPRO system
1. The MultiLogPRO data logger
2. Sensors (see your package list)
3. Four sensor mini-din cables
4. Communication cables (see your package list)
5. Web camera (optional)
6. MultiLab software installation CD
7. An AC-DC adaptor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
1.1.2.
External Connections
fn
?
Figure 2: MultiLogPRO external connections
1. Sensor input/output (I/O) sockets marked (I/O-1 I/O-2 I/O-3 and I/O-4): These
sockets are used to connect the sensors. Normally, all four sockets can be
used simultaneously.
To connect a sensor to the MultiLogPRO use one of the mini-din cables. Plug one
end of the cable into the data logger - arrow facing up, and the other end into the
sensor - arrow facing down.
If you are using one sensor only connect it to input 1. If you are using two sensors
connect them to inputs 1 and 2, and so on.
In order to connect more than 4 sensors at a time, use the splitter cables, which
will enable the connection of up to 8 sensors simultaneously. When a splitter cable
is connected, it must be connected to the socket in the correct numerical order
(e.g. for 5 sensors, connect the splitter cable to I/O-4). One of the two splitter
cables is marked with arrows - that is the main input (the lower I/O number), the
second line is marked with the letter S (split) - indicating that it is the secondary
input (the higher I/O number). Connect up to four input splitters (DT011) to split
2a. PC serial
connection
socket
3. Power input
(DC 9–12V)
1. Sensor
inputs
1
st
input
2
nd
input
3
rd
input
4
th
input
2b. PC USB
connection
socket
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
5
the MultiLogPRO’s inputs starting with I/O-4 (the splitters must be connected in
order):
•
I/O-4 splits into I/O-4 and I/O-5
•
I/O-3 splits into I/O-3 and I/O-6
•
I/O-2 splits into I/O-2 and I/O-7
•
I/O-1 splits into I/O-1 and I/O-8
Note: Before connecting the mini-din cable to the data logger or the sensor
sockets, make sure that the mini-din plug is correctly positioned in front of the
socket. Connecting the cable in an awkward position might cause damage to the
cable pins.
2. a) PC serial communication socket: Connect the 9-pin Type D cable between
this port and one of the computer’s PC COM Ports. At the back of the computer
you will find a 9-pin Type D male socket. If your computer is using this port for
the mouse, look for a 25-pin D shell male socket near the mouse. Use the RS-
232 9 to 25-pin adaptor to connect the MultiLogPRO serial cable to the 25-pin
port (the adaptor is included with the MultiLogPRO).
b) PC USB communication socket (optional). Connect the USB Type B plug to
the MultiLogPRO and the USB Type A plug to the PC (see page 26 for USB
driver installation).
3. External DC power supply socket: Plug in an AC/DC 9-12V adaptor whenever
you want to save battery power, or to charge the battery when necessary.
Connecting external power to the MultiLogPRO automatically charges the
internal battery. The adaptor should meet the required specifications (see
section 1.1.4).
1.1.3.
Battery
MultiLogPRO is equipped with a 7.2V NiCad rechargeable battery. Before you first
start working with MultiLogPRO, charge the unit for 10 to 12 hours while it is turned
off. Battery life is approximately 24 hours between charges.
If the data logger’s main battery runs out, the internal 3V Lithium battery backs up
the memory, so no data will be lost.
Note: Before storing the data logger make sure you have unplugged all the sensors
and pressed the OFF key.
1.1.4.
AC/DC Adaptor
•
Output: Capacitor filtered 9 to 12 VDC, 400mA.
•
Female plug, center Negative.
1.1.5.
Automatic Shut-off
MultiLogPRO shuts off automatically after 15 minutes have passed since the time of
the last data recording, the time the last button was pressed, or the time the last
communication was made with the PC.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
1.2. Standalone Operation
One way to program the MultiLogPRO is to use its keypad and screen (the other way
is to use the MultiLab software - see Chapter 2). The keypad allows us to set all the
parameters for data collection, while the LCD screen displays the setting values.
1.2.1.
Front Panel Layout
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?
Figure 3: MultiLogPRO front panel
LCD Display
Backward
Button
Forward
Button
On/Off
Buttons
Enter/Run
Button
Escape/Stop
Button
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
7
1.2.2.
Input Modes
MultiLogPRO has two Input Modes. The default mode is Auto ID and the
MultiLogPRO is in this mode when turned on for the first time. When using more than
4 sensors, when using VERNIER sensors, or if you’ve defined your own sensor,
switch to the 8 inputs mode. Select the system configuration menu in the MAIN
MENU and choose the mode you want (see page 18).
MultiLogPRO saves the current mode selection and will open in that mode the next
time you turn it on.
1. Auto ID
Automatic sensor identification – just plug in the sensors and the MultiLogPRO
prepares itself to collect data from these sensors.
While in this mode you can work with up to 4 sensors simultaneously.
2. 8 Inputs
This mode enables data logging from up to 8 sensors simultaneously. Connect up to
four input splitters (DT011) to multiply the MultiLogPRO’s inputs starting with I/O-4
(the splitters must be connected in order):
•
I/O-4 splits into I/O-4 and I/O-5
•
I/O-3 splits into I/O-3 and I/O-6
•
I/O-2 splits into I/O-2 and I/O-7
•
I/O-1 splits into I/O-1 and I/O-8
In the splitter cable, one of the two wires is marked with arrows - that is the main
input (the lower I/O number). The second wire is marked with the letter S (split) -
indicating that it is the secondary input (the higher I/O number).
To learn how to switch to 8 inputs mode please refer to section 1.2.9 on page 18.
In this mode there is no automatic sensor identification. Select the sensors manually
either from the MultiLogPRO setup menu (see section 1.2.6 on page 13) or using the
MultiLab software (see section 2.5.1 on page 54).
Use this mode if you want to work with more than 4 sensors or if you are using
VERNIER sensors.
1.2.3.
Quick-Start
Before you first use MultiLogPRO, charge the unit for 10 to 12 hours while it is turned
off.
1. Turn on MultiLogPRO
Press the on button
. You will see the initialization screen. MultiLogPRO
performs a brief self-check and displays its status including battery level. At this point
you can load the last setup you used (see page 18). If you need a new setup wait
until you see the Main Menu screen:
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
2. Plug in the Sensors
Start with the first input on the right. If MultiLogPRO is in Auto ID mode (the default
mode) it will display the setup menu and will identify the sensors you’ve plugged in.
In–1: Microphone
In–2: Light
In–3:
In–4:
→
RATE = 10/s
SAMPLES = 500
DISPLAY = numeric
Note: Sensors must be added successively, starting with input-1. If a single sensor is
used it must be connected to I/O-1. If two sensors are used in an experiment, they
must be connected to I/O-1 and I/O-2.
The arrow indicates that MultiLogPRO is ready to accept a new sampling rate.
If the MultiLogPRO is in 8 input mode, you have to select the sensors manually (see
page 13).
3. Select Rate
Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to select the desired
rate, and then press the Enter button
.
In–1: Microphone
In–2: Light
In–3:
In–4:
RATE
= Every sec
→
SAMPLES = 500
DISPLAY = numeric
MultiLogPRO automatically switches to the next step in the setup process and the
arrow moves to the samples row.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
9
4. Select Total Number of Samples
Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to select the number
of samples, and then press the Enter button
.
In–1: Microphone
In–2: Light
In–3:
In–4:
RATE
= Every sec
SAMPLES = 200
→
DISPLAY = numeric
5. Choose Display
Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to select the type of
display, and then press the Enter button
.
In–1: Microphone
In–2: Light
In–3:
In–4:
SAMPLES = 200
DISPLAY = graphic
→
START
= ( > ).
6. Start Recording
Press the Forward arrow button
to start recording.
Or press the Enter button if you want to go back to the first item (Rate).
You can stop recording any time by pressing the Escape button
.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
1.2.4.
Working with the MultiLogPRO Menus
1. Turning MultiLogPRO On and Off
On
Turn MultiLogPRO on
Off
Turn MultiLogPRO off
Note: Pressing OFF will not erase the sample memory. The data stored in the
memory will be kept for up to 10 years.
2. Main Menu Display
When turned on, MultiLogPRO opens with a system information window and then
displays the main menu:
MultiLogPRO has 9 menus. Use the Forward or Backward Arrow buttons to highlight
a menu and press the Enter button to select it. Then use the Arrow buttons to scan
the options. Press the Enter button to select an option. The MultiLogPRO
automatically executes the command.
3. Menu Buttons
Forward
Move to the next menu or to the next menu options
Backward
Move to the previous menu or menu options
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
11
Enter (Start)
Enter the selected menu or select the current menu
option and move to the next menu command or start
recording
Escape
(Stop)
Return to the main menu or stop recording
4. Menu Icons and Commands
Start
Start recording
Press the Enter button to start recording
Setup
Setup MultiLogPRO in 4 steps:
Rate – Select recording rate
Samples – Select the total number of recording points
Display – Select the way MultiLogPRO will display the data (at a
rate of up to 10 samples per second):
•
Numeric - Displays the sensor values and the sample number
•
Meter - Displays all active sensors in a bar meter display
along with their values
•
Table - Displays the last 6 values of all the active sensors in a
table
•
Graphic - Displays a graphic representation of the sampled
sensors
At rates higher then 10/s the MultiLogPRO will display the data in
a graph at the end of the logging period.
Start – Press the Forward arrow to start recording
Function
Display statistics of the current data
•
Minimum – The minimum graph value
•
Maximum – The maximum graph value
•
Average – The graph average
Open
Open a stored data in graphic display
Use the Forward and Backward Arrow buttons to browse the
stored files,
press the Enter button to open a file
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
Notes
Display experiment notes and instructions
Use the Arrow buttons to browse the notes.
You can use the MultiLab software to edit the notes or to write
new notes
Info
Display system information:
•
Number of experiments stored in MultiLogPRO’s internal
memory
•
Memory usage
•
MultiLogPRO version
•
Battery level (unplug any sensor and external power supply)
•
Current date and time
Note: When turning off the MultiLogPRO, the date and time is
reset. You restore the current date and time whenever the logger
communicates with MultiLab.
Timing
Enter to the timing module
You can select between the following timing events:
•
Stopwatch
•
Time and speed in one photogate
•
Time and speed between two photogates
•
Time, speed and acceleration between two photogates
Help
On-line help and specifications
Configuration
Configure the MultiLogPRO:
Input Mode – Select Input Mode: Auto ID or 8 inputs
Clear memory – Delete the stored data files
DO2 – Press the Forward arrow button to enter the DO2 menu
Contrast – Use the arrow buttons to tune the screen contrast
Comm. – Press the Forward arrow button to connect to a
computer or the Backward arrow button to connect to TI
calculator
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
13
1.2.5.
Graphic Display
MultiLogPRO will automatically use a graphic display in three cases:
•
If the recording rate is 10/s or less and you selected Graphic Display in the setup
menu
•
Once logging has ended for an experiment with a data recording rate of over 10/s
•
When opening a stored recording
The graphic display is available for recordings with up to 4 sensors simultaneously.
1. The Cursor
Use the Cursor in Graphic Display mode to read data values or to zoom in to the
area around a selected point. The cursor is displayed automatically after logging has
ended, or when opening a stored recording.
1. Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to
move the cursor.
2. MultiLogPRO displays the point coordinates at the bottom of the
graph.
3. If there is more then one sensor, press the Enter button
to
move the cursor to another plot on the graph.
2. Zooming
1. Position the cursor in the area you want to zoom into.
2. Press the two arrow buttons,
and
, simultaneously.
You will zoom in around the cursor in a 2:1 ratio.
3. Press the Escape button
to zoom out.
1.2.6.
Measuring Timing Events
MultiLogPRO incorporates an accurate Timer module with resolution of 0.1ms. The
timer can measure several types of events triggered by Fourier Systems' photogates:
•
Time and speed with one photogate
•
Time and speed between two gates
•
Time, speed and acceleration between two gates
•
Stopwatch
To learn more about the different measurement types see page 36 and page 38.
While in Timer mode MultiLogPRO does not store data. To save timing data in the
computer operate the Timer module via MultiLab.
To learn how to use the timer with MultiLab software please see page 35.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
To use the photogates together with other sensors operate MultiLogPRO as a data
logger and then analyze the photogates data with the aid of MultiLab's Timing Wizard
(see page 90).
To perform a timing measurement:
1. Connect one or two photogates to MultiLogPRO
Note: MultiLogPRO must be in PC communication mode (see page 18)
2. Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to navigate
to the Timing
menu
3. Press Enter
to display the timing menu:
_ _ _ _ _ T I M I N G _ _ _ _ _
→ M o d e : T i m e S p e e d
M e a s u r e : I n 1
C a r d w i d t h : 3 0 m m
G a t e s d i s t a n c e : 2 0 c m
S t a r t
( > )
The arrow indicates that MultiLogPRO is ready to accept the timing
mode
4. Use the arrow buttons to select the desired timing mode:
Stopwatch, Time Speed or Time Speed Acc
1. Stopwatch
_ _ _ _ _ T I M I N G _ _ _ _ _
→ M o d e : S t o p w a t c h
M e a s u r e :
_ _ _
C a r d w i d t h : _ _ _
G a t e s d i s t a n c e :
_ _ _
S t a r t ( > )
In this mode MultiLogPRO operates as a standard stopwatch with resolution of 0.01s.
1. Press Enter
four times, then press the Forward
arrow to
enter the stopwatch mode
2. Press the Forward
arrow to start measuring time
3. Press the Forward
arrow a second time to stop the watch
4. Press the Backward
arrow to reset the watch
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
15
5. Press Escape
to exit the stopwatch mode and return to the
timing menu
6. Press Escape
a second time to return to the main menu
2. Time and Speed
In this mode MultiLogPRO measures time and speed either in one gate or between
gates.
_ _ _ _ _ T I M I N G _ _ _ _ _
→ M o d e : T i m e S p e e d
M e a s u r e : I n 1
C a r d w i d t h : 3 0 m m
G a t e s d i s t a n c e : _ _ _
S t a r t ( > )
Press Enter
to select this mode. The arrow moves to the Measure row.
Use the Forward
and Backward
arrow buttons to select In1 if you want to
measure time and speed in one gate or In1 → In2 if you want to measure time and
speed between two gates.
Time and speed at one gate
Time and speed between gates
MultiLogPRO measures the time
between blocking and unblocking the
photogate at input 1
MultiLogPRO measures the time
between blocking the photogate at input
1 and blocking the photogate at input 2
Time and speed at one gate
Time and speed between gates
1. Press Enter
, then use the arrow
buttons to select the card (the body
that blocks the gate) width in mm
between 0 to 59mm
1. Press Enter
twice, then use the
Forward
arrow button to select
the distance between the photogates
in cm between 0 to 99cm
2. Press Enter
twice, then use the
Forward
arrow button to enter to
a timing standby mode
2. Press Enter
, then use the
Forward
arrow button to enter to
a timing standby mode
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
3. Timing begins each time a body
blocks the photogate and ends when
unblocking
the
photogate.
MultiLogPRO
then
displays
the
elapsed time between entering and
leaving the gate and the speed of the
body
3. Timing begins each time a body
enters the first photogate (input 1)
and ends when leaving the second
photogate (input 2). MultiLogPRO
then
displays
the
elapsed
time
between entering the gates and the
body's average velocity
4. Use the arrow buttons to scroll
between the time and speed results
4. Use the arrow buttons to scroll
between the time and speed results
5. Press Escape
to return to the
timing menu
6. Press Escape
a second time to
return to the main menu
5. Press Escape
to return to the
timing menu
6. Press Escape
a second time to
return to the main menu
3. Time, Speed and Acceleration
In this mode MultiLogPRO measures the crossing time at the first gate, the time it
takes the body to move from one gate to the second gate and the crossing time at
the second gate and returns the time between gates, the average speed and the
average acceleration.
_ _ _ _ _ T I M I N G _ _ _ _ _
→ M o d e : T i m e S p e e d A c c
M e a s u r e : I n 1 – >
I n 2
C a r d w i d t h : 3 0 m m
G a t e s d i s t a n c e : 2 0 c m
S t a r t ( > )
1. Press Enter
twice, then use the arrow buttons to select the card
(the body that blocks the gate) width in mm between 0 to 59mm
2. Press Enter
, then use the Forward
arrow button to select
the distance between the photogates in cm between 0 to 99cm
3. Press Enter
, then use the Forward
arrow button to enter to
a timing standby mode
Timing begins each time a body enters the first photogate (input 1) and
ends when leaving the second photogate (input 2). MultiLogPRO then
displays the elapsed time between entering the gates and the body's
average velocity and acceleration
4. Use the arrow buttons to scroll between the time, speed and
acceleration results
5. Press Escape
to return to the timing menu
6. Press Escape
a second time to return to the main menu
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
17
1.2.7.
Select Sensors Manually
You must be in 8 input mode to be able to select the sensors manually (see page 7).
1. In the Main Menu screen, use the arrow buttons to select the setup
menu icon
.
2. Press the Enter button
to enter the setup menu:
→
In–1: Empty
In–2: Empty
In–3: Empty
In–4: Empty
RATE = 10/s
SAMPLES = 500
DISPLAY = numeric
3. Use the Forward
and Backward
arrows to select
the sensor in input 1 and then press the Enter button
. The
arrow indicator will move to the second input.
4. Repeat this procedure with all the sensors you plugged in.
5. After the fourth sensor has been selected, the screen will list the
next 4 sensors:
→
In–5: Empty
In–6: Empty
In–7: Empty
In–8: Empty
RATE = 10/s
SAMPLES = 500
DISPLAY = numeric
You can press the Enter button in the last input if you want to go back to the first
input.
6. When you’ve finished selecting the sensors press the Escape
button
. The arrow indicator will point to the Rate command and
you must complete the setup, as detailed in section 1.2.3.
Note: When you turn the MultiLogPRO off it will save the setup for the next session.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
1.2.8.
Load the Last Setup
When you turn MultiLogPRO on, once the self testing has been completed, it will
display:
_ _ _ I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N _ _ _
I n i t . D i s p l a y
I n i t . A D C
I n i t . R A M
B a t t . 9 9 %
E N T E R – l o a d s e t u p
Press the Enter button
to load the last setup.
1.2.9.
Configure Your MultiLogPRO
Use the System configuration menu to select the Input Mode, to clear the
MultiLogPRO’s memory, to change the screen contrast, or to calibrate the DO2
sensor.
In the MAIN MENU screen, select the System configuration icon
to display the
configuration screen. The default configuration is:
→
Input Mode: Auto ID
Clear memory ( > )
DO2 calibration ( > )
Contrast ( < ) ( > )
Comm
( PC )
Use the Forward
and Backward
arrows to select the mode and
then press the Enter button
to move to the next item. You can press the
Escape button
to leave the configuration menu at any time, saving the new
changes you made. Press Enter button in the last item (Contrast) if you want to go
back to the first item (Input Mode).
1. Input Mode
Select between Auto ID – automatic sensor identification and 8 inputs – manual
sensor selection (See also page 7).
The new configuration will be the default mode until the next time you change it.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
19
2. Clear Memory
Press the Forward arrow button
if you want to delete all previous data files
from the MultiLogPRO.
3. DO2 Sensor Calibration
If you need to calibrate a DO2 sensor press the Forward arrow button
to
enter the DO2 calibration screen:
_ _ _ _ _ D O 2 C A L _ _ _ _ _
U s e t h e f o l l o w i n g
m e n u t o c a l i b r a t e
t h e D O 2 e l e c t r o d e .
S a l i n i t y : 0 p p t
Use the arrow buttons to select between 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt and
press the Enter button to confirm and move to calibrate altitude.
Use the arrow buttons to select between 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and
3500 ft and press the Enter button to confirm.
MultiLogPRO will display the calculated upper limit of the calibrated range and will
exit the DO2 calibration screen.
The new calibration parameters will be saved until the next time you change them.
4. Screen Contrast
Use the arrow buttons to adjust the LCD screen contrast.
Any contrast adjustment will be saved until the next time you change it.
5. Connect to a Computer or to a TI Calculator
Press the Forward arrow
button to connect to a computer or the Backward
arrow
button to connect to a TI calculator
1.2.10.
Internal Clock and Calendar
The internal clock is set the first time you use the Setup command from the MultiLab
software to program the MultiLogPRO. The clock is automatically updated to the
PC’s time and date whenever you connect your MultiLogPRO to a PC and perform
Setup in MultiLab.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
When you shut off the MultiLogPRO, the internal clock and calendar is not saved. To
restore the clock and calendar, you must reconnect the MultiLogPRO to the PC and
Setup the logger again.
1.2.11.
Clear the Memory
If you want to start recording and the MultiLogPRO’s internal memory is full you will
see this message at the bottom of the display:
→
In–1: Microphone
In–2: Light
In–3: Empty
In–4: Empty
SAMPLES = 200
DISPLAY = graphic
Mem full, clear = ( > )
Press the Forward arrow button
to clear the memory
In order to clear the MultiLogPRO’s memory when it is not full, use the Memory
clear command from the Configuration menu (see page 18), or clear the memory
from the Logger menu in the MultiLab software (see page 60).
1.2.12.
Choose the Right Setup
1. Sampling rate - The sampling rate should be determined by the frequency of
the phenomenon being sampled. If the phenomenon is periodic, sample at a
rate of at least twice the expected frequency. For example, sound recordings
should be sampled at the highest sampling rate – 20,800/sec, but changes in
room temperature can be measured at slower rates such as once per second or
even slower, depending on the speed of the expected changes.
There is no such thing as over-sampling. For extremely smooth graphs, the
sampling rate should be about 20 times the expected frequency.
Note: Sampling at a rate slower than the expected rate can cause frequency
aliasing. In such a case, the graph will show a frequency much lower than
expected. In Figure 4 below, the higher frequency sine wave was sampled at
1/3 of its frequency. Connecting the sampled points yielded a graph with a
lower, incorrect frequency.
Figure 4: Frequency Aliasing
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
21
Manual sampling - use this mode for:
•
Recordings or measurements that are not related to time.
•
Situations in which you have to stop recording data after each sample
obtained, in order to change your location, or any other logging
parameter (Note: During the experiment no changes can be made to
the MultiLogPRO’s configuration).
To start an experiment using manual data logging, set the RATE to manual and
press the Enter button
once to start the data recording, then press the
Enter button each time you want to collect a sample.
You can also perform manual logging via MultiLab (see page 32).
2. Sampling Points - After you have chosen the sampling rate, choosing the
number of points will determine the logging period: Samples / Rate = Logging
time. You can also choose the duration of an experiment first, and then
calculate the number of samples: Samples = Logging time × Rate.
Continuous
In the Continuous mode, MultiLogPRO does not save data, and can continue logging
indefinitely.
If MultiLogPRO is connected to the PC and the MultiLab software is running, the data
is automatically saved to the computer and displayed in a real-time graph.
To operate in Continuous mode select RATE equal to or less than 100/s and
SAMPLES = Continuous.
You can also select Continuous mode directly from the MultiLab software.
Note: MultiLogPRO must be set to a display mode other than graphic in order to
enable the Continuous mode.
1.2.13.
Programming Rules and Limitations
The following are some rules and limitations you must take into account when
programming the MultiLogPRO, as MultiLogPRO integrates all programming
limitations automatically. MultiLogPRO will only allow the programming of settings
that comply with the rules below.
1. Sampling Points
•
Increasing the number of active inputs limits the number of
sampling points one can choose. The following condition must
be always satisfied: Samples × Active Inputs < Memory.
MultiLogPRO’s memory is sufficient for 100,000 samples.
However, when sampling at rates faster than 100 samples per
second the memory can store only two experiments of 32,000
samples each.
•
Selection of 100,000 sampling points will create 2 files of 50,000
points each in the data logger’s memory
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
2. Sampling Rate
The number of sensors in use limits the maximum sampling rate:
Number of Sensors
Maximum Sampling Rate
1
20,800 samples per second
2
3,701 samples per second
3
2,631 samples per second
4
2,041 samples per second
5
1,667 samples per second
6
1,409 samples per second
7
1,220 samples per second
8
1,076 samples per second
3. Continuous Sampling
•
Continuous sampling is possible up to a maximum sampling rate of
100/s.
•
The data must be presented in a display mode other than graphical.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
23
1.3. Sensor Calibration
In this chapter you will learn how to increase the MultiLogPRO system accuracy
using calibration. Most of the sensors are linear, i.e. the output level of each sensor
changes according to the equation:
b
aX
Y
+
=
Where:
Y - Output of the sensor (voltage level changing from 0 to 5V)
X - Sensor input
a - Sensor gain
b - Sensor offset
The calibration process allows us to control the offset, and in some cases even the
gain, of a sensor. The MultiLogPRO system offers four types of calibration:
•
Hardware offset calibration
•
MultiLogPRO automatic zero calibration
•
MultiLab Sensor calibration
•
Factory calibration (no manual calibration required)
1.3.1.
Hardware Offset Calibration
On some of the sensors there is a screw controlling the sensor offset. To calibrate
the sensor, rotate this screw until the sensor shows the correct measured value
(obtain the actual correct value from another source that is known to be accurate).
1.3.2.
MultiLogPRO Automatic Zero Calibration
MultiLogPRO is able to automatically calibrate the sensor offset for all analog
sensors accurately, quickly, and for every new experiment conducted.
The calibration method is very simple. Whenever you plug in a sensor, the data
logger checks to see if the selected sensor measures a value within ±2% of its zero
value. If so, MultiLogPRO sets that value as zero.
1. To enable this feature, make sure that the sensors are at their zero
values when you plug them in. To ensure the most accurate zero
value: Shorten the Voltage sensor plugs.
2. Leave the Current sensor plugs open.
3. Cover the Light, Photo-Gate, and Microphone sensors.
4. Insert the pH sensor in a pH-7.0 solution.
5. Unload the Force Transducer.
6. Place the Accelerometer on a stationary surface.
7. Place the Temperature probes in ice water.
8. Place the Pressure sensor in a 1 ATM (1013 mb) chamber.
Chapter 1 MultiLogPRO
1.3.3.
pH Temperature Compensation
To compensate a pH sensor for temperature changes, plug the temperature sensor
into Input 1, and the pH sensor in Input 2. MultiLogPRO will then display the
compensated pH value.
1.3.4.
DO2 Calibration
To calibrate your DO2 sensor with the right salinity and altitude parameters, use the
DO2 Calibration command from the Configuration menu (see page 19)
1.3.5.
MultiLab Sensor Calibration
The sensors can also be calibrated using the Calibrate Sensors option in MultiLab’s
Logger menu. Please refer to section 2.5.6 for more information.
1.3.6.
Factory Calibration (No Calibration Required)
All digital sensors that are essentially timers leave the factory fully calibrated, and do
not suffer from any accuracy degradation. An example of such a sensor is the Sonic
Ranger distance sensor, which measures the time passed from the transmission of a
sound pulse to its echo reception.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
25
Chapter 2
MultiLab Software
2.1. Installing the Software
2.1.1.
System Requirements
To work with MultiLab, your system should be equipped with the following:
1. Windows
Software
•
Windows 98, ME, 2000 and XP
•
Internet Explorer 5.0 or later (you can install Internet Explorer 5 when you
install MultiLab, since it ships with the product)
Hardware
•
Pentium II 600 MHz or higher (Pentium 4, 1.6 GHz or higher is needed for
video motion analysis recordings)
•
32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended)
•
10 MB available disk space for the MultiLab application (50 MB to install the
supporting applications)
•
Free serial or USB port
•
To work with the video window your system should be equipped with a video
camera, a free USB port and a compatible camera driver (installation includes
camera driver for the supplied Web camera)
•
To be able to record and play voice comments your system should be
equipped with a sound card, a microphone and a speaker
2. Mac OS
Software
•
Mac OS 9 or Mac OS X
•
Web browser
Hardware
•
PowerPC Macintosh G3 300 MHz or higher
•
64 MB RAM
•
15 MB available disk space
•
USB port
•
Recommended requirements for video recordings:
PowerPC G4 processor, 500 MHZ or higher, 256 MB RAM, 15 MB free disk
space, USB port, camera
•
To be able to record and play voice comments your system should be equipped
with a microphone
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.1.2.
MultiLab Installation
1. Windows OS (instructions based on WinXP)
Warning: Do not connect the supplied Web camera to the PC before you
install the MultiLab software.
Uninstalling MultiLab
Before installing your new version of MultiLab, uninstall any older versions of the
program.
Note: Uninstalling MultiLab removes program files only. Project files and worksheets
you created or modified in MultiLab will remain on your system and there is no need
to create backups.
To uninstall MultiLab:
1. From the Start menu select Settings then click Control Panel.
2. Double click Add or Remove Programs.
3. Select MultiLab from the list of programs.
4. Click Remove.
5. In the following dialog box, click Yes to confirm that you want to
remove MultiLab.
6. When uninstall is complete you will be prompted to restart the
computer. Select Yes.
To install MultiLab:
1. Close all programs.
2. Insert the CD labeled MultiLab into your CD-ROM drive.
3. The installation process will begin automatically and you will be
prompted to install MultiLab. Click Next to continue the installation.
Note: If auto run is not working, open My Computer and click on the CD drive folder
(d: drive in most cases) and double-click on the setup icon, then proceed as above.
4. Enter user name and company name in the Customer Information
window. Select the type of user for whom the application should be
installed. It is recommended to install for all users. Click Next.
5. In the Choose Destination Location window, the default folder
where MultiLab will be installed is C:\Program Files\Fourier
Systems\MultiLab\. Click Browse to change this folder location, or
click Next. MultiLab installation will proceed
6. When MultiLab (and associated components) installation is
complete, the Install Wizard will then install the D-Link Web cam
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
27
driver. After this installation is complete, you are prompted to restart
the computer. It is recommended to restart the computer now. Select
Yes, I want to restart my computer now and click Finish.
Note: If you are reinstalling MultiLab after removing an older version, the camera
driver is already installed on your system. In this case, the Install Wizard prompts you
to confirm the removal of the driver. Click Cancel to keep the camera driver on your
system.
Note to Windows 2000 or XP users: MultiLab needs to modify its folder
when running. Ask your System Administrator for permission to gain
access to all files in the MultiLab folder.
Note: When you plug in the supplied Web camera for the first time, Windows will
automatically detect the new device and open the Found New Hardware Wizard.
Follow the on-screen instructions. When prompted, select the Install software
automatically option (there is no need to insert the installation CD).
Windows will automatically detect and install the necessary software
To install the USB driver:
You will need to install a USB driver in order for the MultiLogPRO to communicate
with your PC via a USB port.
On Windows XP
1. Connect your data logger to a USB port on your PC and turn the
data logger on. Windows will automatically detect the new device
and open the Found New Hardware Wizard.
2. Select No, not this time to prevent Windows from searching for
software on the Internet, then click Next.
3. Insert the MultiLab installation CD into your CD drive. Select the
Install Software Automatically (Recommended) option. Click
Next.
4. Windows will automatically detect and copy the necessary files to
your system. Click Finish.
5. Windows will open the Found New Hardware Wizard for a second
time. Click Next.
6. Select No, not this time to prevent Windows from searching for
software on the Internet, then click Next.
7. Windows will automatically install the necessary components on
your system. Click Finish.
On previous Windows versions
1. Insert the CD labeled MultiLab into your CD drive. If installation
begins automatically (and you have already installed MultiLab), click
Cancel to stop installation.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2. Connect MultiLogPRO to a USB port on your PC and turn
MultiLogPRO on. Windows will automatically detect the new device
and open the Found New Hardware Wizard.
3. Select Specify the location of the driver, then click Next.
4. Select Search for the best driver for your device, then check the
Removable Media checkbox, and then click Next.
5. Windows will automatically detect and copy the necessary files to
your system. Click Finish.
6. Windows will open the Found New Hardware Wizard for the
second time. Click Next to complete the installation.
7. Windows will automatically install the necessary components on
your system. Click Finish.
To install the Nova5000 driver:
You will need to install the Nova5000 driver in order for MultiLab for PC to
communicate with the Nova5000 data logger via a USB port.
You will need to install the Nova5000 drivers from the Nova5000 software CD or from
the MultiLab v1.4.11 Installation CD.
On Windows XP
1. Connect the Nova5000 to a USB port on your PC and turn the unit
on. Windows will automatically detect the new device and open the
Found New Hardware Wizard.
2. Select No, not this time to prevent Windows from searching for
software on the Internet, then click Next.
3. Select the Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)
option. Click Next.
4. Select the Include this location in the search option and browse
to the Nova Drivers folder in the MultiLab software folder, either on
your Nova5000 CD or MultiLab installation CD. Windows will
automatically detect and copy the necessary files to your system.
Click Finish.
5. Windows will automatically install the necessary components on
your system. Click Finish.
2. Mac OS
1. Insert the CD into your CD drive.
2. Open the CD drive folder and double-click the MultiLab Installer icon, then
follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
29
2.2. Overview
2.2.1.
MultiLab On-screen Layout
MultiLab is a comprehensive program that provides you with everything you need in
order to collect data from the MultiLogPRO, display the data in graphs, meters and
tables, analyze it with sophisticated analysis tools and view online or recorded video
movies of the actual experiment.
The Video Motion Analyzer module enables you to capture position and time from
video movies and analyze the data with MultiLab’s analysis tools
The program includes four windows: A graph window, table window, video window
and a navigation window called the Data Map. You can display all four windows
simultaneously or any combination of the four.
The most commonly used tools and commands are displayed on three toolbars.
Tools that relate to all aspects of the program and tools that control the MultiLogPRO
are located in the main (upper) toolbar. Tools specific to the graphs are located on
the graph toolbar and tools specific to the tables are located on the table toolbar.
Another useful feature is the Workbook. A workbook is a lab activity that gives the
student a step-by-step preview of the activity and then automatically configures the
MultiLab program and the sets up the MultiLogPRO so that the student can begin
collecting the data. You can open an existing workbook or create a new one from the
Workbook menu.
2.2.2.
MultiLab Window Layout
Figure 5: MultiLab window layout
Data map
Graph window
Information bar
Video window
Table window
Table toolbar
Main toolbar
Graph toolbar
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.2.3.
Working with Projects
Every time you start a new experiment, MultiLab automatically creates a new project
file. All the information you collect and process for a given experiment is stored in a
single project file. Each of these files contain all the data sets you collect with the
MultiLogPRO, the analysis functions you’ve processed, the video files you’ve
recorded, specific graphs and tables you’ve created, and the MultiLab settings for the
experiment.
Note: All data sets in a single project must be with the same sampling rate.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
31
2.3. Getting Started
2.3.1.
Set up a Recording Session
1. Prepare MultiLogPRO
1. Connect MultiLogPRO to the PC (see page 4)
2. Turn on MultiLogPRO
Note: MultiLogPRO must be in PC communication mode (see page 18).
3. Plug in any external sensors
4. Open the MultiLab software
2. Enable Video Recording
Note: Do not plug in the PC camera before you have installed the camera driver (see
page 26 for installation instructions).
To display the video window and enable online video and video recording:
1. Connect the camera to the PC
Note: When you plug in the supplied Web camera for the first time Windows will
automatically detect the new device and open the Found New Hardware Wizard.
Follow the on-screen instructions. When asked, select the Install software
automatically option (there is no need to insert the installation CD).
Windows will automatically detect and install the necessary software
2. Click Video on the menu bar, then click Enable video
MultiLab will remember the video settings until the next time you change them.
Note: if more than one video source is connected to your computer MultiLab will use
the default source. To select another source click Video on the menu bar and click
Select video device, then select the desired source from the drop list that opens and
click OK.
3. Click Video
on the main toolbar to display the video window.
4. Point the camera to the experiment setup.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
3. Setup the MultiLogPRO
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar
2. Follow the instructions in the Setup Wizard (see page 54)
4. Start Recording
Click Run
on the toolbar to start recording.
If the recording rate is 100 measurements per second or less, MultiLab automatically
opens a graph window displaying the data in real time, plotting it on the graph as it is
being recorded. If the recording rate is higher than 100/s, the data will be
downloaded and displayed automatically once the data recording is finished.
You can stop recording anytime by clicking Stop
on the toolbar.
2.3.2.
Data Recording Options
To set the behavior of the data display when you start a new recording session, click
on the down arrow next to the Run button
, and select one of the following:
1. Single Measurement
MultiLab will open a new project file every time you start a new recording session.
2. Replace
MultiLab will display the new data set in place of the old one. The project’s old data
sets will still be available in the same project file. They will be listed in the Data Map
and you can add them to the display at any time.
3. Add
MultiLab will add the new data set to the graph in addition to the old ones.
Note: A maximum of 8 data sets can be displayed on the graph at the same time.
2.3.3.
Manual Sampling
Use this mode for:
•
Recordings or measurements that are not related to time.
•
Situations in which you have to stop recording data after each sample
obtained, in order to change your location, or any other logging
parameter (Note: During the experiment no changes can be made to
the MultiLogPRO’s configuration).
To start an experiment using manual data logging, set the rate to manual and click
Run
once to start the data recording, then press the Enter button each time
you want to collect a sample.
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You can also perform manual logging via MultiLogPRO (see page 20).
2.3.4.
Online Video
MultiLab enables you to view online video of your experiment along with the data
display, as well as to record video movies of the experiment and to replay them
simultaneously with the data graph. You can also add voice comments to the video
recordings.
To work with the video window your system should be equipped with a video camera.
To be able to record and play voice comments your system should be equipped with
a sound card, a microphone and a speaker.
1. Online Video
The online video will start playing when you open the Video window. Click Video
on the main toolbar to display the video window and enable video (see page
31).
2. Recording
1. From the Video menu select Enable video
2. Click Record
on the right-hand side of the toolbar to start
video recording.
3. Click Run
to start data recording
4. Once the data logging has finished, click Stop Video Recording
.
5. Click Replay
to replay both the data graphing process the
video recording simultaneously.
Note: Saving the file will automatically save the video as well.
3. Replaying an Experiment
To simultaneously replay the video and the data graphing process of a saved file:
1. Open the file (see page 40)
2. Display the data on the graph (see page 51)
3. Click Replay
4. Video and Audio Properties
To set the video properties click Video on the menu bar, then click Video properties
to open the video properties dialog box:
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
Figure 6: Video properties dialog box
Changing Video Quality
The video default quality is Normal; click another option to select either higher quality
(12KBps) or lower quality (3KBps). Changing the video quality not only affects the
image quality, but the recorded file space and the computer’s performance as well. A
higher video quality means more disk space is used, which can slow down the
computer’s performance.
Audio Visual Options
The default option is Audio_video. That means that both video and audio are
enabled and you can record voice comments along with the video. If you plan to
record video only, select the Video only option. If you plan to record voice comments
only select the Audio only option.
2.3.5.
Download Data
Whenever data is received from the MultiLogPRO, it is accumulated and displayed
automatically by MultiLab. There are two modes of communication: Online and Post-
Experiment.
Online communication
When MultiLogPRO is connected to the PC and is programmed to run at sampling
rates of up to 100/s, MultiLogPRO transmits each data sample immediately, as it is
recorded, to the PC. The software thus displays the data in real-time in both the
graph window and the table window.
When MultiLogPRO is connected to the PC and programmed to run at a sampling
rate faster than 100 /s, data is accumulated in MultiLogPRO‘s internal memory but is
not transmitted directly to the PC until the recording period has ended. Once the
recording has ended, the data is automatically downloaded to the PC and displayed.
Off-line data logging
To download data that was recorded offline, or while MultiLogPRO was not
connected to a PC, connect MultiLogPRO to the computer, run the MultiLab program
and click Download
on the toolbar. This will initiate the Post-Experiment Data
Transfer communication mode. Once the transfer is complete, the data will be
displayed automatically in the graph window and in the table window. If there are
several experiments stored in the MultiLogPRO, the first download will bring up the
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
35
most recent experiment; the second download will bring up the earliest file, the third
download will bring up the second earliest file, and so on.
To download a particular experiment, choose Selective Download from the Logger
menu, then select the experiment’s number in the Download dialog box.
Click Cancel in the Download progress window at any time to stop downloading the
data.
2.3.6.
The Timer Module
MultiLab enables you to measure timing events with MultiLogPRO's Timer module
(see page 13).
To use the photogates together with other sensors operate MultiLogPRO as a data
logger and then analyze the photogates data with the aid of MultiLab's Timing Wizard
(see page 90).
1. Working with the Timer Module Wizard
1. Connect MultiLogPRO to the computer
2. Connect one photogate to input 1 of MultiLogPRO or two
photogates to inputs 1 and 2 (according to the event method)
3. Click Logger on the menu bar, then click Timer Module Wizard to
open the Timer module wizard:
4. Click an option to select measurement: Time, Velocity or
Acceleration
5. Click Next to move to step 2 of the wizard:
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
6. Click an option to select the measuring method
7. If required enter the body’s width in mm (an integer between 0 to
59), or the distance between the gates in cm (an integer between 0
to 99) in the appropriate edit box (in velocity and acceleration
measurements only)
8. Click Start to enter to a timing standby mode
Timing begins each time a body blocks the photogate in input 1 and ends when
unblocking the photogate in input 1 or input 2 (according to the event method).
MultiLab displays the results in a bar graph and in the table.
You can repeat as many measurements as you want. After each event MultiLab adds
the results as a new bar in the graph and as a new raw in the table.
To exit the timing mode click Stop
on the main toolbar.
2. Measuring Methods
The Timing Wizard offers you various methods of analyzing the different
measurements. In some measurements you will be asked to enter the dimension of
the moving body, or the distance between the two photogates to allow for the
calculation of velocity and acceleration.
The methods depend on the selected measurement:
Time
•
At one gate
Measures the time it takes the
body to cross the photogate
(between
blocking
and
unblocking the infrared beam)
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37
•
Between gates
Measures the time it takes the
body
to
move
from
one
photogate
to
the
second
photogate (between blocking
the
first
and
blocking
the
second infrared beams)
Velocity
•
At one gate
Measures the time it takes the
body to cross the photogate
(between
blocking
and
unblocking the infrared beam)
and returns the velocity.
You should enter the body’s
width in mm
•
Between gates
Measures the time it takes the
body
to
move
from
one
photogate
to
the
second
photogate (between blocking
the
first
and
blocking
the
second infrared beams) and
returns the average velocity.
You should enter the distance
between gates in cm.
Acceleration
•
Between gates
Measures the crossing time at
the first gate, the time it takes
the body to move from one gate
to the second gate and the
crossing time at the second
gate and returns the average
acceleration.
You should enter the body’s
width in mm.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
3. Time Schemes and Calculations
Time measurements
At one gate
Result:
1
2
t
t
t
−
=
Δ
Between gates
Result:
1
3
t
t
t
−
=
Δ
Velocity
At one gate
Required parameters: w – The body’s width
Result:
1
2
;
t
t
t
t
w
v
−
=
Δ
Δ
=
t1
t2
t2
t1
t1
t2
t3
t4
Input 1
Input 2
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
39
Between gates
Required parameters: L – The distance between gates
Result:
1
3
;
t
t
t
t
L
v
−
=
Δ
Δ
=
Acceleration
Between gates
Required parameters: w – The body’s width
Result:
t
v
v
a
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
w
v
t
t
w
v
Δ
−
=
−
−
+
=
Δ
−
=
−
=
1
2
1
2
3
4
3
4
2
1
2
1
2
;
t1
t2
t3
t4
Input 1
Input 2
Δt
t1
t2
t3
t4
Input 1
Input 2
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.3.7.
Save Data
Click Save
on the main toolbar to save your project. This will save all the data
sets, graphs, tables and video movies under one project file.
Saving the project will also save any special formatting and scaling you did.
If you made any changes to a previously saved project, click Save to update the
saved file or select Save as… from the file menu to save it under another name.
Note:
To delete a specific data set, a graph or table from the project, use the
Data Map (see page 51).
To remove unwanted data from a specific data set, apply the crop tool
(see page 90).
2.3.8.
Open a File
1. Click Open
on the main toolbar
2. Navigate to the folder in which the project is stored
3. Double click the file name to open the project
MultiLab opens the project and displays the first graph on the graph list. If the project
does not include saved graphs, the file opens with an empty graph window. Use the
Data Map (see page 51) to display the desired data set.
2.3.9.
Create a New Project
There are three ways to create a new project:
1. Open the MultiLab program, which will open a new file each time.
2. When working in Single Measurement mode, a new project is
opened every time you click on the Run button to start a new
recording
3. Any time you click New button
on the toolbar.
2.3.10.
Import Data
Any file that is in comma separated values text format (CSV) can be imported into
MultiLab.
To import a CSV file:
1. Click File on the menu bar, then click Import CSV file
2. In the dialog that opens, next to Look in, navigate to the drive and
folder that contains the CSV file
3. Select the file
4. Click Open
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41
Tips:
To create a text file in a spreadsheet:
1. Open a new spreadsheet
2. Enter your data according to the following rules:
a)
The first row should contain headers. Each header includes
the name of the data set and units in brackets, e.g. Distance
(m).
b)
The first column should be the time. The time interval between
successive rows must match the time intervals accepted by
MultiLab. You can export MultiLab files to Excel to learn about
these time formats.
See for example the table below:
3. On the File menu, click Save As
4. In the File name box, type a name for the workbook
5. In the Save as type list, click the CSV format
6. Click Save
To import files that were previously exported from MultiLab open MultiLab and import
the file as described above as they are already in CSV format.
2.3.11.
Print
1. Print a Graph
1. Click Print
on the main toolbar.
2. Select the Graph 1 option (when in split graph mode you can
choose between Graph 1 and Graph 2).
3. Click Print to open the print dialog box.
4. Click OK.
MultiLab will print exactly what you see in the graph display.
2. Print a Table
1. Click Print
on the main toolbar.
2. Select the Table option.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
3. If you want to print only a specific range, uncheck the Print all data
check box and type the desired row numbers into the To and From
edit boxes
4. Click Print to open the print dialog box.
5. Click OK.
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43
2.4. Viewing the Data
2.4.1.
Display Options
The MultiLab program screen consists of four parts: Graph window, table window,
video window and Data Map window. You can display all four parts simultaneously
(the default view) or any combination of the four.
The graph window is the main window by default and is and displayed in the center
of the application window. To specify other window as the main window:
1. Click View on the menu bar, then click View selection to open the
View selection dialog box:
Figure 7: View selection dialog box
2. Check the checkbox next to any window you’d like to include in the
view.
3. Click the window display type you want.
4. Click OK.
In addition to these sections, you have the option to display an on-screen meter for
each of the sensors (see page 51).
2.4.2.
Graph Display
Click Graph
to display or hide the graph. The default graph display is the data
set or sets plotted vs. time, but you can change the X-axis to represent any of the
individual data sets (see page 46).
The graph usually displays all the data sets of a given recording, but you can use the
Data Map to remove one or more of the sets from the graph (see page 51).
In order to keep the graph clear and simple, only two Y-axes are shown on the graph
at once. If there are three curves in the graph, one of the Y-axes is hidden. To make
this axis visible, select the corresponding plot with the cursor (see section 2 below).
You can identify the Y-axis by its color, which matches the plot color.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
1. Split Graph View
MultiLab enables you to display your data in two separate graphs within the graph
window.
1. Click Split graph
on the graph toolbar to split the graph
window into two separate graphs
2. Click Edit graph
on the graph toolbar to open the Edit graph
dialog box
3. Choose which data sets to display on each of the graphs (or use the
Data Map to do so – see page 51).
4. To return to the single graph display, click Split graph
a
second time.
2. The Cursor
You can display up to two cursors on the graph simultaneously.
Use the first cursor to display individual data recording values, to select a curve or to
reveal the hidden Y-axis.
Use two cursors to display the difference between two coordinate values or to select
a range of data points.
To display the first cursor:
Double click on an individual data point or click 1st Cursor
on the graph toolbar.
You can drag the cursor with the mouse onto any other point on the plot, or onto a
different plot. For finer cursor movements use the forward and backward keys on the
keyboard.
The coordinate values of the selected point will appear in the information bar at the
bottom of the graph window.
To display the second cursor:
Double click again anywhere on the graph area or click 2nd Cursor
on the graph
toolbar.
The information bar will now display the difference between the two coordinate
values. If the x-axis is time 1/dt will also be displayed.
To remove the cursors:
Double click anywhere on the graph area, or click 1st Cursor a second time.
To remove the 2nd cursor:
Click 2nd Cursor a second time.
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45
To display the cursors in split graph mode:
To display the cursors on the upper graph, use the same method as for single graph
mode.
To display the cursors on the lower graph, you must first remove them from the upper
graph and then double click anywhere on the lower graph to display the first cursor.
Double click a second time to display the second cursor, and double click a third time
to remove the cursors.
3. Zooming
To zoom in to the center of the graph
1. Click Zoom in
on the graph toolbar.
2. To reverse the operation, click Zoom out
on the graph toolbar.
To zoom in to a specific data point
1. Select the point with the cursor (see above).
2. Click Zoom in
on the graph toolbar.
3. To reverse the operation click Zoom out
on the graph toolbar.
To zoom in to a range
1. Select the range with both cursors.
2. Click Zoom in
on the graph toolbar.
3. To reverse the operation click Zoom out
on the graph toolbar.
To zoom in to a specific area
Click Zoom to selection
on the graph toolbar and drag the cursor diagonally to
select the area you want to magnify. Release the mouse button to zoom in to the
selected area.
Click Zoom to selection a second time to disable the zoom tool.
Autoscale
Click Autoscale
on the graph toolbar to view the full data display, or double click
on an axis to auto scale that axis alone.
Manual scaling
1. Click Graph properties
on the graph toolbar to open the Graph
properties dialog box.
2. Select the Scale tab, and choose the axis you want to scale in the
Select axis drop list.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
3. Uncheck the Autoscale check box and enter the new values in the
edit box
4. Click OK.
To manually scale a specific axis, right click on the axis to open its Properties dialog
box.
To restore auto scaling click Autoscale
.
The Stretch/Compress Axis tool
Move the cursor onto one of the graph axes. The cursor icon changes to the double
arrow symbol (↔), indicating that you can stretch or compress the axis scale. Drag
the cursor to the desired location. Repeat the procedure for the other axis if
necessary.
Double click on the axis to restore auto scaling.
4. Panning
Use the pan tool after zooming in to see any part of the graph that is outside the
zoomed area.
To do this, click Pan
on the graph toolbar, then click anywhere on the graph and
drag the mouse to view another area.
Click Pan a second time to disable the Pan tool.
5. Edit the Graph
Use the Edit graph dialog box to select which data sets to display on the graph’s
Y-axis and to change the X-axis from time, to one of the data sets.
1. Click Edit graph
on the graph toolbar to open the Edit graph
dialog box:
Figure 8: Edit graph dialog box
2. To select a data set to display on the Y-axis, click on the data set’s
name in the Y-axis list. To display more than one curve, click on the
data sets you want.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
47
3. A list entry that begins with an Experiment (Exp.) number denotes a
recorded data set. A list entry that begins with an input number
denotes the next recording and will be displayed on the graph the
next time you start a recording.
4. To deselect a data set, click on it a second time.
5. To select a data set for display on the X-axis, click on the data set’s
name in the X-axis list. You can only select one data set at a time for
the X-axis.
6. Type in the title of the graph in the Graph title edit box (optional).
7. Click OK.
6. Format the Graph
You can change the data line’s color, style and width. You can also add markers that
represent the data points on the graph and format their style and color.
The color of the Y-axis matches the corresponding plot’s color and will automatically
change with any change made to the color of the corresponding plot.
1. Click Graph properties
on the graph toolbar to open the Graph
properties dialog box.
2. Select the Lines tab, and then select the plot or axis you want to
format in the Select plot drop list.
3. From here you can format the line’s color, style and width, as well
as the markers’ color and style. To remove the line or the marker,
uncheck the corresponding Visible check box.
4. Click OK.
5. To restore the default formatting, click Restore default.
7. Change the Graph’s Units and its Number Format
1. Click Graph properties
on the graph toolbar to open the graph
properties dialog box
2. Select the Units tab, and then select the plot or axis you want to
format in the select plot drop list.
3. Choose the prefix option you want.
4. Select the desired number of decimal places.
5. To display numbers in scientific format, check the Scientific check
box.
6. Click OK.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
8. Add Annotations to the Graph
You can add annotations to the graph. An annotation is always connected to a
certain data point.
To view annotations:
Click Graph on the menu bar and then select Show annotation (this option is
usually selected by default)
To add an annotation:
1. Place a cursor on the desired point
2. Click Add new annotation
on the graph toolbar to display the
new annotation caption edit box
3. Type in the text, then click OK
To move an annotation:
1. Click Move annotation
on the graph toolbar
2. Click on the annotation you want to move, then drag if to the new
position
3. Click Move annotation
a second time to exit the move
annotation mode
To edit an annotation:
1. Place a cursor on the point to which the annotation is connected
2. Click Graph on the menu bar, then click Edit annotation
3. Edit your annotation, then click OK
To delete an annotation:
1. Place a cursor on the point to which the annotation is connected
2. Click Graph on the menu bar, then click Delete annotation
To hide all annotations:
Click Graph on the menu bar and then click Show annotation to uncheck it.
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49
9. Add a Graph to the Project
MultiLab displays new data in the graph window every time you start a new
recording. You can always display previous data using the Edit graph dialog box or
by double-clicking on the data’s icon in the Data Map. If you want to save a graph
that you created to your project, or to update a saved graph with changes you made,
use the Add to project tool:
Click Add to project
on the graph toolbar.
2.4.3.
The Table Display
Click Table
to display or to remove the table window.
When you start a new recording, MultiLab displays the new data on the table.
To add or remove columns from the table, use the Edit table tool (see below).
1. Editing Data Values
You can change the value of any data point. When any value is changed, MultiLab
automatically creates a copy of the data set and leaves the original data unchanged.
To do this:
1. Select a data cell by clicking on it
2. Type in the new value
3. Press Enter on the keyboard to accept (you can also press Tab or
the arrow keys to accept and move to the next cell).
2. Editing the Table
To add or remove data sets from the table:
Click Edit table
on the table toolbar to open the Edit table dialog
box:
Figure 9: Edit table dialog box
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
To add columns to the table:
1. Select one or more of the data sets from the Available Columns
list.
2. Click Add.
To remove columns from the table:
1. Select one or more of the data sets from the Current Columns list.
2. Click Remove.
3. Click OK.
3. Formatting the Table
Changing column width
Drag the boundary on the right side of the column heading until the column is the
desired width.
Changing row height
Drag the boundary below the row heading until the row is the desired height.
Formatting the fonts
1. Click Table properties
on the table toolbar.
2. Select the Font tab.
3. Format the font, as well as the font style and size.
4. Click OK.
Changing units and number format
1. Click Table properties
on the table toolbar.
2. Select the Units tab, and then select the plot you want to format
from the select plot drop list.
3. Choose the prefix option you want.
4. Select the desired number of decimal places.
5. To display numbers in scientific format, check the Scientific check
box.
6. Click OK
4. Add a Table to the Project
MultiLab displays new data in the table window every time you start a new recording.
You can always display previously recorded data using the Edit table dialog. If you
want to save a table that you created to your project, or to update a saved table with
changes you made, use the Add to project tool:
Click Add to project
on the table toolbar.
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51
2.4.4.
Meters
MultiLab enables you to view data in meters format on the screen (one meter for
each sensor), with up to four meters showing at once. The meters can display live
data while MultiLab is recording, or saved data when a saved file is replayed.
When a cursor is displayed, the meter shows the measured values that correspond
to the time of the point at which the cursor is positioned.
There are three meter types: analog, bar and digital. The meter’s scaling
automatically matches the graph’s scaling.
To set up the meters:
1. Click Meter Setup
on the main toolbar:
2. Select the meter type, and the data set to be displayed.
3. A list entry that begins with a graph number denotes a displayed
data set. A list entry that begins with an input number denotes the
next recording, and will be displayed on the meter the next time you
start a recording.
4. Repeat this procedure for up to four meters.
5. To remove the meters click Meter Setup
, and click Remove
all.
2.4.5.
Data Map
Click Data Map
to display or remove the Data Map.
The data map is a separate window that displays the list of data sets that were
recorded or downloaded in the current session, as well as the lists of all the saved
graphs and tables. Use the Data Map to navigate through the available data sets and
to keep track of the data that is displayed in the graph window.
1. Control the Display with the Data Map
The items in the Data Map are sorted into three main categories:
•
Data sets (including analysis functions)
•
Saved graphs
•
Saved tables
Double click on a category to bring up the full list. Double click a second time to
collapse the list. You can also use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs next to the icons
to expand or collapse the categories.
The Data sets list expands to sub-categories of experiments and functions. To
display the complete list of measurements, or the complete list of analysis functions
performed on the measurements for any individual experiment, double click the
experiment’s icon or click the plus sign (+) next to it.
To collapse a list under an individual experiment, double click the experiment’s icon
or click the minus sign (-) next to it.
To display a data set or a saved graph in the graph window, or to display a table in
the table window, double click its icon. Double click a second time to remove it.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
You can also use a shortcut menu to display or remove a data set from the graph.
Simply right-click an icon, then click display on graph #1 or display on graph #2.
To delete an individual item from the Data Map and from the project, right-click on its
icon and click Delete. To permanently delete the item, click Save
on the main
toolbar.
To remove all data sets from the Data Map, right-click the Data sets icon
and click
Clear All Data.
2. Understanding Data Map Icons
Data sets list
Functions – includes all the analysis functions of the project
Individual function – Currently not on display
Individual function – Currently displayed on graph 1
Individual function – Currently displayed on graph 2
Individual function – Currently displayed both on graphs 1 and 2
Function
Experiment – Includes all recorded data of the experiment
Individual data set – Currently not on display
Individual data set – Currently displayed on graph 1
Individual data set – Currently displayed on graph 2
Individual data set – Currently displayed both on graphs 1 and 2
Data recorded without video
Data recorded with video
List of saved graphs
Saved graph – Data sets vs. time
Saved graph – Data sets vs. data set
Graph currently not on display
Graph currently displayed on graph 1
Graph currently displayed on graph 2
Graph currently displayed both on graphs 1 and 2
List of saved tables
Saved table
Table not currently displayed
Table currently displayed
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
53
2.4.6.
Export Data to Excel
Click Export to Excel
on the graph toolbar to export the displayed data to Excel.
MultiLab will then open a new Excel workbook displaying the data.
1. Export File Settings
If MultiLab fails to export the data properly, try to change the export file settings:
1. Click File on the menu bar, then click Export file settings
2. Check the Ignore regional settings check box
3. Click OK
2.4.7.
Copy the Graph as a Picture
You can copy the graph to the clipboard as a picture and then paste it to other
Windows programs such as Word or PowerPoint:
1. In the Graph menu, click Copy graph
2. Open the destination file
3. In the destination file, right click and select Paste
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.5. Programming MultiLogPRO
2.5.1.
Setup
1. Quick Setup
Use the Setup wizard to guide you through the setup process.
1. Click Setup wizard
on the main toolbar to open the setup
wizard:
Figure 10: Setup wizard step 1 of 3
The first step is to assign sensors to each input. If you are working
with MultiLogPRO in Auto ID mode, the sensors are selected
automatically as you plug them in to the MultiLogPRO. Otherwise, you
can manually select the sensors you are using from the corresponding
input drop lists.
2. Click Next to move to the second step:
Figure 11: Setup wizard step 2 of 3
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
55
3. Select the desired recording rate in the Select rate drop list.
4. Select the Scroll option if you want the graph window to scroll as
the data recording progresses.
5. Select the desired data recording mode in the Select recording
mode drop list.
6. Click Next to move to the third step:
Figure 12: Setup wizard step 3 of 3
7. Select the desired length of the recording period in the Select
recording time drop list.
The recording period is displayed as a unit of time by default. To
display the recording period as the number of recording samples,
select the By samples option. The number of samples is calculated
with the following formula:
Total recording samples
Recording period
Recording rate
=
×
8. To start the data recording only when a specific time or
measurement condition has been met click Triggering to open the
triggering dialog box (see page 58).
9. Click Finish to complete the setup and to send the setup command
to the MultiLogPRO.
2. Defining Sensor Properties
Some of the sensors can produce more than one measurement. For example, the
distance sensor measures distance, but MultiLab also calculates the velocity and
acceleration of the measured body in real-time. MultiLab automatically displays the
basic measurement of distance, but enables you to display any combination of
distance, velocity and acceleration. Other sensors may only give one measurement,
but can display the data in different units. For example, the acceleration sensor can
display the acceleration in multiples of the gravity acceleration, or in the standard unit
2s
m
.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
The Distance and Force sensors properties include definition of the positive direction
and the distance sensor properties enable online averaging as this sensor is
comparatively noisy.
You can define the properties of each sensor individually in the first step of the Setup
wizard, or by selecting Calibrate sensors from the Logger menu.
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the Setup
wizard
2. Click Properties
next to the input you want to set.
3. Click the check boxes next to the desired measurements.
4. To change more properties, click the corresponding tab at the top of
the dialog box
5. Click OK.
3. Setting the Zero Point of a Sensor
MultiLab enables you to rescale some sensors and to set the current readings to
zero for subsequent loggings. This feature applies to the following sensors:
•
Distance
•
Force
•
Magnetic field
•
Light sensors
•
Pressure sensors
To set the current readings of a sensor to zero:
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the Setup
Wizard
2. Click Properties
next to the input you want to set
3. Click the Set Zero tab
4. Check the Set the current reading to zero check box
5. Click OK
6. Click Finish
MultiLab takes a single measurement and set the reading to zero.
To change the zero point:
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the Setup
Wizard
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
57
2. Click Properties
next to the input you want to set
3. Click the Set Zero tab
4. Click Reset zero
5. Click OK
6. Click Finish
To return to the default zero point:
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the Setup
Wizard
2. Click Properties
next to the input you want to set
3. Click the Set Zero tab
4. Uncheck the Set the current reading to zero check box
5. Click OK
6. Click Finish
4. Presetting the Display
You may want to define the graph’s settings, such as formatting and scaling the
graph and selecting the axes, and to define the meters’ settings prior to beginning a
recording session. You can define the settings of each sensor input individually in the
first step of the Setup Wizard:
1. Click Setup Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the Setup
Wizard.
2. Click Properties
next to the input you want to set.
3. Click the Display properties tab.
4. Select a measurement from the Select measurement drop list.
5. Select the graph or graphs in which you would like to display the
data, from the Display on graph drop list.
6. Select a meter in the Meter type drop list if you want to display the
data in a meter as well as on the graph.
7. Format the line and markers in the Plot section.
8. If you want a specific scale, uncheck the Auto scale check box and
enter the desired minimum and maximum values of the axis.
9. Click OK.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
5. Presetting the Graph’s X-axis
1. Click X-Axis display properties in the first step of the Setup Wizard
to open the dialog box:
Figure 13: X-axis properties dialog box
2. Select the graph you wish to modify.
3. Select the measurement you’d like to display on the X-axis.
4. If you want a specific scale, uncheck the Auto scale check box and
enter the minimum and maximum values of the axis.
5. Click OK.
6. Triggering
To start the data recording only when a specific time or measurement condition has
been met, click Triggering in step 3 of the Setup Wizard to open the triggering dialog
box:
Figure 14: Triggering dialog box
1. Select the triggering sensor in the Based on sensor drop list.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
59
2. Choose one of the following from the Type options:
a)
None - Trigger is disabled
b)
Above level - Start logging only once the measured
value is higher than the trigger level.
c)
Below level - Start logging only once the measured
value is lower than the trigger level.
d)
Event Recording - This function enables you to
record the exact time and date at which a certain
phenomenon occurs: The trigger level set for this
option is actually a threshold setting. Each time the
threshold is crossed, MultiLogPRO will record the
exact time and date of the occurrence, and will
continue to do so until the desired number of samples
has been obtained.
Note: The trigger acts on analog measurements only (not on the distance sensor).
The trigger condition must be fulfilled for at least 300μS.
e)
Control Level - The control level trigger allows you to
create an automatic sense & control system. This
means that you can connect a sensor measuring a
certain phenomenon (for example, temperature) and
connect a device that will start operating when the
recorded data from the sensor falls above or below a
certain level (for example, a fan that will start
operating when the temperature measured by the
sensor rises above 30°C). This function requires the
use of a splitter cable and a control sensor. The cable
divides each input into a sensor cable and a controller
cable. After setting the control level and starting the
data logging process, the sensor will sample and
record the data as usual. However, when the
measurement from the sensor rises above the
predetermined threshold value, the controller cable
will send a pulse of 5V to the control sensor, and will
continue to do so until the sensor measures a value
below the threshold level. When receiving the 5V
pulse, the control sensor will close/open a relay
capable of switching 110/220V to any load.
f)
Time delay - This trigger type enables you to set a
timer that will start the logging after a predetermined
amount of time. After setting the trigger to Timer
Delay, click the down arrow on the Level combo-box,
and select from the 17 different time options. The
timer will start its countdown when you click RUN, and
the actual recording will start once the countdown has
ended.
3. Select the trigger level in the Level drop list.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
4. Click OK.
Note: When you turn off MultiLogPRO, it will save the setup for the next session.
2.5.2.
Start Recording
Click Run
on the main toolbar. Click the down arrow to change the
recording mode.
2.5.3.
Stop Recording
Click Stop
on the main toolbar.
2.5.4.
Clear MultiLogPRO’s Memory
To erase all experiment data currently stored in the MultiLogPRO, click Clear
memory in the Logger menu.
2.5.5.
Edit MultiLogPRO’s Experiment Notes
1. Connect MultiLogPRO to the PC.
2. Select Edit notes from the Logger menu to open the Notes dialog
box with the MultiLogPRO’s current experiment’s notes downloaded
to the window.
Figure 15: Edit experiment notes dialog box
3. From this dialog box, you can edit, delete, or write new notes.
Note: An experiment note is limited to 140 characters and a maximum of 5 notes can
be stored in MultiLogPRO at any time.
4. Use the arrow buttons to move to the next note, or to the previous
one.
5. Click OK to upload the edited notes to MultiLogPRO.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
61
2.5.6.
Calibrating the Sensors
MultiLab enables you to calibrate any of the sensors manually. This calibration is
much more accurate than the calibration performed by MultiLogPRO. With MultiLab,
you can calibrate the sensor using two points instead of the one point automatic
offset calibration used by MultiLogPRO:
1. Connect MultiLogPRO to the PC.
2. Select the Calibrate sensors option from the Logger menu
3. Choose a sensor from the Select sensor drop list and click OK
4. Click the Calibration tab.
5. Enter a distinct real value in each of the Real Value edit boxes and
the corresponding measured values in each of the Measured Value
edit boxes (The measured values are the values displayed by
MultiLab when measuring the two real values.
6. Click OK
The calibrated sensor parameters will be saved, so there is no need to calibrate
MultiLogPRO every time you run the MultiLab program.
To reset to the default calibration for any sensor, select the sensor and click Restore
defaults.
2.5.7.
Define a Custom Sensor
Ordinarily, you will not need to use this option, but MultiLab enables the user to
define additional custom sensors. This is a useful tool for when MultiLogPRO is
communicating with many sensors from different vendors.
Any additional sensor that you would like to connect to MultiLogPRO must comply
with the following restrictions:
•
The sensor’s output must be greater than or equal to 0V and less than or
equal to 5V. Remember that all sensors transform actual data into electrical
data, so the electrical output should remain between 0 and 5 volts.
•
The sensor Transfer Function (sensor output voltage changes vs. the sampled
phenomenon changes) must be a linear Transfer Function.
•
The sensor must have a code resistor in order to be automatically identified. If
the sensor does not have a code resistor, you will have to work in 8 inputs
mode and select the sensor manually.
To determine whether your sensor has a code resistor or not, simply plug it in to
MultiLogPRO (while in Auto ID mode) and see if MultiLogPRO displays the setup
menu and the sensor name.
Refer to the appendix to learn how to add a code resistor to your custom sensor.
To define a new sensor:
1. Connect MultiLogPRO to the PC.
2. Select Define new sensor from the Logger menu to open the
Define new sensor dialog box:
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
Figure 16: Define new sensor dialog box
3. Click Add New Sensor
4. Type in a sensor name and a sensor unit
5. Type in two calibration values (two real values and the
corresponding output voltages of the sensor).
6. Click OK.
2.5.8.
Communication Setup
MultiLogPRO communicates with the MultiLab software via a serial or USB
communication port. Some users may find it difficult to select the correct port, in
which case MultiLab can perform an automatic port selection, and can also report on
the status of all available ports.
Automatic COM Port recognition
The computer may have several communication ports. One of these ports is usually
available for external communication. It is not necessary to know which port is
available, since MultiLab will find it for you:
1. Connect the communication cable from data logger to one of the
computer COM port connectors.
2. Turn on the data logger and open the MultiLab software.
MultiLab automatically attempts to communicate with the data logger. Once
communication is established, MultiLab reports the connection in the status bar at the
bottom of the application window.
If communication fails:
Working in Windows OS
1. Select Comm Setup from the Logger menu. MultiLab will display a
dialog box reporting what COM ports are already in use, and which
port is recommended for use with MultiLogPRO:
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
63
Figure 17: Communication setup dialog box (Windows)
2. Click Try to connect and MultiLab will try to communicate with
MultiLogPRO. If communication is achieved, MultiLab will designate
the selected port as MultiLogPRO’s communication port.
You can override the MultiLab recommendation and choose the COM port yourself
by clicking the check box button to the left of the desired port, and clicking Try to
connect.
Note: In the event of any communication malfunction, please refer to 3.1:
Troubleshooting Guide.
3. You can click Work offline if you wish to work without
MultiLogPRO. While working offline, you can still open saved files to
view and analyze them.
Working in Mac OS
1. Select Comm Setup from the Logger menu. MultiLab will display a
dialog box listing the available ports:
Figure 18: Communication setup dialog box (Mac OS)
2. Select a port from the menu list.
3. Click Try to connect and MultiLab will try to communicate with the
data logger. Once communication is established, MultiLab reports
the connection in the status bar at the bottom of the application
window.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
4. Click Cancel if you wish to work without the data logger. While
working offline, you can still open saved files to view and analyze
them.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
65
2.6. Analyzing the Data
2.6.1.
Reading Data Point Coordinates
Position the cursor (see page 44) on a point to display its coordinates on the
information bar at the bottom of the graph window.
If more than one curve is displayed, and you want to read the Y- coordinates of all of
the curves simultaneously, bring up digital meters (see page 51) for each of the
curves. When you position a cursor on one curve, the meters will show the
corresponding Y-coordinates for the other curves.
2.6.2.
Reading the Difference between two Coordinate Values
Position one cursor on the first point, and a second cursor on the second point to
display the difference between the two coordinate values on the information bar at
the bottom of the graph window.
2.6.3.
Working with the Analysis Tools
The analysis tools can only be applied to data sets that are displayed in the graph
window.
1. Use the cursors (see page 44) to select the graph and the data
range to which you want to apply the analysis.
2. Select the analysis function you wish to use.
The analysis function will be added onto the graph, with the exception of the
smoothing (averaging) function, which will replace the original data set.
To measure and analyze time events with photogates use the Timing Wizard (see
page 90).
2.6.4.
Smoothing
The smoothing tool is very useful in reducing random noises, especially if you want to
apply any analysis functions to the data. The smoothing process replaces every data
point with the average of its neighboring points.
1. Use the cursor to select the graph that you want to smooth.
2. Click More smoothing
on the graph toolbar.
3. You can repeat the procedure to further smooth the data.
4. Click Less smoothing
to reduce the amount of smoothing.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.6.5.
Statistics
Use the statistics tool to display statistics of a selected data set or a range of data.
The statistics include:
Average
The average of all the numbers in the range
Median
The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers; that is, half
the numbers have values that are greater than the median, and half
have values that are less. If there is an even number of numbers in the
set, then Median calculates the average of the two numbers in the
middle
StDev.
The standard deviation
Minimum
The smallest value in the range
Maximum
The largest value in the range
Sum
Adds all the numbers in the range
Area
The area between the graph and the x-axis in the range
Samples
The number of data points in the range
Rate
The recording rate
To display statistics:
1. Use the cursors to select the graph and the data range to which you
want to apply the statistics.
2. Click Analysis on the menu bar, then click Statistics.
MultiLab will open a statistics window and will display the results in it.
2.6.6.
Most Common Analysis Functions
1. Linear Fit
Click Linear Fit
on the main toolbar to draw a line of linear least square fit
b
ax
y
+
=
and to display the line’s equation.
Note: If you want the automatic curve fit equation to start at
0
=
t
, apply the crop tool
before applying the linear fit (see page 90).
2. Derivative
Click Derivative
on the main toolbar to construct a graph in which each point is
the slope of the 3 consecutive points on the source graph.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
67
3. Integral
Choose Integral from the Analysis menu to construct a graph in which each point is
the integral of all the preceding points on the source graph.
2.6.7.
The Analysis Wizard
1. Using the Analysis Wizard
The analysis wizard will guide you through the various analysis functions available in
the MultiLab program. The analysis functions are grouped into three main categories:
curve fit (regression), averaging, and mathematical and trigonometric functions.
To apply an analysis function to a data set:
1. Use the cursors to select the graph or data range to which you
would like to apply the analysis (optional – you can select the
desired data set directly from the Analysis Wizard).
2. Click Analysis Wizard
on the main toolbar.
3. Click a category tab:
a)
Curve fit
b)
Averaging
c)
Functions
2. Curve Fit
Figure 19: Analysis wizard – curve fit
1. Select a fit type by clicking its icon (If you choose polynomial fit,
select the order you want).
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2. If you use the cursor to select a data set, it will be highlighted in the
Based on data set list, but you have the option of selecting a
different data set.
3. Type a name in the Name box (optional - the default name includes
both the function and the data set names).
4. Click the Show equation on graph check box to display the line’s
equation on the information bar.
5. Click the Show R2 on graph check box to display the correlation
coefficient on the information bar.
6. Click OK.
Note: If you want the automatic curve fit equation to start at
0
=
t
, apply the crop tool
before any type of curve fitting (see page 90).
3. Averaging
Figure 20: Analysis wizard – averaging
1. If you use the cursor to select a data set, it will be highlighted in the
Based on data set list, but you have the option of selecting a
different data set.
2. Select an averaging option (if you choose custom averaging,
choose the number of averaging points in the Points box).
3. Enter a name in the Name box (optional - the default name include
both the function and the data set names).
4. Select an Open option.
5. Click OK.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
69
4. Functions
Figure 21: Analysis wizard – functions
1. Select a function from the Functions list. MultiLab displays the
function’s formula at the bottom of the dialog box.
2. If you use the cursor to select a data set, it will be highlighted in the
G1 drop list, but you have the option of selecting a different data set.
Tip: To create a function whose independent variable is time (e.g. to fit a
mathematical function to a data series), select a time series from the G1 drop list. If
there are several plots on the graph the list includes a separate time series for each
plot as the number of data point may vary from plot to plot.
3. If the analysis function involves two data sets, select the second
data or time series set from the G2 drop list.
4. To synchronize the Y – Scale with one of the plots on the graph,
check the Synchronize scale with checkbox and select the
appropriate plot from the adjacent drop list.
5. Enter a constant in each of the A, B and C boxes (optional, the
default values are one for a coefficient and zero for a free term).
6. Enter a name in the Name box (optional – the default name includes
both the function’s formula and the data set name).
7. Enter a unit (optional).
8. Select an Open option.
9. Click OK.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
5. Editing a Function
MultiLab enables you to edit the functions parameters as well as its name and units
after you have displayed it on the graph. The Edit function command is enabled for
all the analysis functions created in the current session and is disabled when you
open a stored file.
To edit the function:
1. Right click the function's icon in the Data Map to open a context
menu
2. Click Edit function to open the Function dialog
3. Enter the new parameters
4. Click OK
2.6.8.
Available Analysis Tools
This section includes a brief description of each of MultiLab’s analysis functions.
For time, velocity and acceleration analysis see also the Timing Wizard on page 90.
1. Curve Fit
Linear
b
ax
y
+
=
Draws a line of linear least square fit.
Polynomial
n
n
n
a
x
a
x
a
y
+
+
+
=
−
L
1
1
0
Draws a line of polynomial least square fit (you must select an order
between 1 and 6.)
Power
n
x
a
y =
Draws a line of power least square fit.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
71
Exponential
bx
ae
y =
Draws a line of exponential least square fit.
MultiLab displays the curve fit equation and the correlation coefficient (R2) on the
information bar below the graph.
2. Averaging
The average function replaces every point with the average of n neighboring points
from both sides of the point.
Low averaging:
5
=
n
, Medium averaging:
11
=
n
, High averaging:
41
=
n
.
3. Functions
In the formulas below, G1 and G2 represent selected data sets or time series, and A,
B and C are constants that you can enter.
Absolute
1
BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the absolute values of a data set.
Add
2
1
BG
AG
y
+
=
Draws a line of the addition of two data sets.
Arccosine
)
arccos(
1
BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the arccosine values of a data set (in radians).
Arccosine is the angle whose cosine is
1
BG . The argument
1
BG
must be between –1 and 1.
Arcsine
)
arcsin(
1
BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the arcsine values of a data set in radians. Arcsine is
the angle whose sine is
1
BG . The argument
1
BG must be between –
1 and 1.
Cosine
)
cos(
1
C
BG
A
y
+
=
Draws a line of the cosine values of a data set. The argument
C
BG +
1
must be expressed in radians.
Delta Y
)
0
(
1
1
=
−
=
t
G
G
y
Draws a line of the difference between the Y-coordinate of every
point and Y-coordinate of the first point. Use this function to move the
data set along the Y-axis so that the point will intersect the Y- axis at
the origin.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
Derivative
rate
sampling
t
t
y
y
y
n
n
n
1
,
2
1
1
=
Δ
Δ
−
=
−
+
Draws a line of the slopes of every three consecutive points of a data
set. For high recording rates and small Δt, this line may be very noisy,
which is why smoothing the data set is recommended before applying
the derivative function.
Divide
2
1
BG
AG
y =
Draws a line of the division of two data sets
Envelope
(lower)
Lower envelope of G1 with tolerance of A points
Draws a line that connects the minimum values of a data set. The
tolerance defines the minimum distance (in sampling points) between
two minima, so that the envelope function is able to ignore random
noises.
Envelope
(upper)
Upper envelope of G1 with tolerance of A points
Draws a line that connects the maximum values of a data set. The
tolerance defines the minimum distance (in sampling points) between
two maxima, so that the envelope function will be able to ignore
random noises.
Exp.
C
Ae
y
BG +
=
1
Draws a line of e raised to the power of a data set.
Fourier
transform
Discrete Fourier transform of G1.
Draws a line of the amplitudes of the harmonics of Fourier transform
vs. frequency.
Frequency
The frequency of G1 (minimum of A points in one cycle).
Draws a line of the frequency of a periodic data set vs. time. The
constant A defines the minimum data points in one cycle.
Integral
t
G
B
A
y
Δ
∑
+
=
1
Draws a line in which each point is the discrete integral of all the
preceding points in a data set.
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73
Kinetic
energy
2
1)
(
2
1
G
A
y =
Draws a line of the kinetic energy of a data set. The argument
1
G
must be the velocity of the body, and the constant
1
C must be the
mass of the body.
Linear
B
AG
y
+
=
1
Draws a line of a linear displacement of a data set. This function is
useful when you want to change the point of origin of a data set.
Ln
)
ln(
1
BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the natural logarithm of a data set. The argument
1
BG must be positive.
Log
)
(
log
1
10 BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the logarithm of a data set to base 10. The argument
1
BG must be positive.
Multiply
2
1 BG
AG
y
⋅
=
Draws a line of the multiplication of two data sets
Quadratic
C
BG
AG
y
+
+
=
1
2
1
Draws a line of the quadratic form of a data set.
Reciprocal
(1/X)
C
B
G
A
y
+
+
=
1
Draws a line of the reciprocal values of a data set.
Sine
)
sin(
1
C
BG
A
y
+
=
Draws a line of the sine values of a data set. The argument
C
BG +
1
must be expressed in radians.
Square (X2)
2
1)
(BG
A
y =
Draws a line of the squares of a data set.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
Square root
C
BG
A
y
+
=
1
Draws a line of the square root values of a data set: The argument
1
2G
C
must be greater than or equal to zero.
Subtract
2
1
BG
AG
y
−
=
Draws a line the subtraction of two data sets.
Tan
)
tan(
1
C
BG
A
y
+
=
Draws a line of the tangent values of a data set. The argument
C
BG +
1
must be expressed in radians.
2.6.9.
Online Analysis
MultiLab enables you to analyze data from a live experiment and to display the
analysis function in the graph window, as the data is being recorded and processed.
To execute online analysis, you will first have to use the Analysis Wizard to define
the function to be used, and then edit the graph in order to display the function (see
page 46).
For example, here is how to set up an online envelope (amplitude) function of data,
recorded with a Voltage sensor connected to Input 1:
1. Click Analysis Wizard
on the main toolbar to open the
Analysis Wizard dialog box:
Figure 22: Analysis Wizard – online functions
2. Select Envelope (upper) from the Functions list.
3. Select Input 1: Voltage from the G1 drop list.
4. Click OK.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
75
5. Click Edit graph
on the graph toolbar to open the Graph edit
dialog box:
Figure 23: Using graph edit dialog to display online functions
6. In the Y-Axis list click Input 1: Voltage to select it and then click
Online function: Envelope (upper) to select it.
7. If there are other highlighted data sets in the Y-Axis list, deselect
them by clicking on them.
8. Click OK.
9. Click Run
on the main toolbar to start recording. MultiLab will
display the original data readings coming from Input 1, as well as the
data processed by the analysis function:
Figure 24: Online envelope function
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
The online analysis function will still be active in subsequent recordings.
To remove the online functions, click Analysis on the menu bar and then click Clear
online functions.
2.6.10.
Manual Curve Fitting
The manual curve fit tool enables you to draw a mathematical curve, to change the
curve’s parameters until it fits into data set, and to display the resulting equation.
There are four types of mathematical curves you can draw:
Linear
B
At
y
+
=
Draws a straight line.
Quadratic
C
B
t
A
y
+
−
=
2)
(
Draws a parabola.
Exponential
C
Ae
y
Bt +
=
Draws an exponential line.
Power
C
At
y
B +
=
Draws a line of the time raised to the power of a number from –5 to 5.
Note: If you want the curve fit equation to start at
0
=
t
, apply the crop tool before
any type of curve fitting (see page 90).
To apply manual curve fit:
1. Click on the Analysis menu, then click Manual curve fit to display
the Manual curve fit dialog box.
2. To select a data set for display on the X-axis, click on the data set’s
name in the X-axis list.
3. To select a data set to display on the Y-axis, click on the data set’s
name in the Y-axis list.
4. Click OK. MultiLab will display the Manual curve fit toolbox at the
bottom of the graph window:
Figure 25: Manual curve fit toolbox
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77
5. Choose one of the four curves by clicking its icon in the toolbox.
6. Use the sliders to change the A, B and C parameters until the new
curve fits the sampled curve.
7. The lower and upper limits of each sliding bar are located on the
sliding bar’s left and right ends, respectively. You can change the
limit values by clicking a limit box, and typing in your new value.
MultiLab will display the resulting equation on the information bar at the bottom of the
toolbox.
8. Click Add to project
in the toolbox to add the curve to the
project.
9. To close the manual curve fit toolbox click Exit
in the toolbox.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.7. Video Motion Analyzer
2.7.1.
Overview
MultiLab’s Video Motion Analyzer enables you to capture position and time from
video movies, convert this to data sets and analyze the data with all of MultiLab’s
analysis tools the same way you would analyze data from the data logger. You can
capture one-body motion or two-body motion. You can select the origin and rotate
the coordinate system.
With the Video Motion Analyzer you can also capture video movies either directly
from video camera connected to the computer or from an external video source such
as VCR.
2.7.2.
Getting Started
1. Video Motion Analyzer Basics
Open the Video Motion Analyzer module
Click Video Analysis
on the main toolbar
Open a movie from MultiLab’s movie library or capture a new movie
Capture position and time
•
Scaling – Scale the video to the real world dimensions
•
Coordinate system – Set origin and axes direction
•
Step – Set the number of frames you will capture position and time
•
Marking – Mark the position of the body on the frames. MultiLab will
automatically convert it to numerical data
Analyze the data
The captured data is automatically displayed in the graph and table windows.
Analyze it as you would normally with MultiLab’s projects.
2. Saving a New Movie
1. After you have finished capturing a new video movie, click Analyze
movie
to begin capturing position and time
2. MultiLab prompts to save the movie
3. Type a name in the File name box and click Save
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3. Opening a Stored Movie
1. Click Video Analysis
on the main toolbar
2. Click Open Movie
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar (lower
toolbar)
3. Double click the movie you want to open
4. Saving a Video Motion Analyzer Project
1. Click Save
on the main toolbar
2. Type a name in the File name box and click Save
5. Opening a Video Motion Analyzer Project
1. Click Video Analysis
on the main toolbar
2. Click Open
on the main toolbar
3. Double click the Project you want to open
2.7.3.
Capturing a New Movie
There are two basic options for capturing video onto your computer from:
•
A device attached to your computer
•
An external source through a video capture board
1. From a Device Attached to your Computer
From a device attached to your computer (such as a Web cam), you can capture
video directly from the camera to your computer. Web cams are intended primarily to
feed video over some connection (the Internet, for example). They generally produce
lower video quality. With a Web cam, you can only record when the Web cam is
attached to the computer. If quality and versatility are not your main concern, this
may be the best solution for you.
To capture video from a Web cam:
1. Connect the Web cam to the computer
2. Click Video on the menu bar, then click Enable video
3. Click Video Analysis
on the main toolbar to open the Video
Motion Analyzer module
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4. Click Capture new movie
on the Video Motion Analyzer
toolbar
5. To begin recording click Record
on the Capture new movie
toolbar
6. To finish recording click Stop
7. Click Analyze movie
to begin capturing position and time
MultiLab prompts to save the movie before processing it.
2. From an External Source through a Video Board
Many video capture boards offer video-in/video-out features. A video capture card
can be used with a wide variety of video sources and through a number of digital
connections. Video from a VCR or video camera can be captured through video-out
ports.
To capture video from a videotape through a VCR:
1. Insert the tape into the VCR. Go to the point you want to capture
and then stop the tape.
2. Find the video-out on the back of the VCR and connect one end of
the appropriate cable. Connect the other end of the cable to the
video-in on your video capture board.
3. Click Video on the menu bar, and then click Enable video.
4. Click Video Analysis
on the main toolbar to open the Video
Motion Analyzer module.
5. Click Capture new movie
on the Video Motion Analyzer
toolbar.
6. To begin capturing click Record
on the Capture new movie
toolbar.
7. Play the video. Make sure that you start the video after you start the
capture to make sure nothing gets cut off from the beginning.
8. To finish capturing stop the VCR and click Stop
.
9. Click Analyze movie
to begin capturing position and time.
MultiLab prompts to save the movie before processing it.
2.7.4.
Capturing Position and Time
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1. Scaling
In order to scale your project you must tell MultiLab the real world dimensions. When
you film a new movie make sure to measure the dimension of a dominant object in
the frame. Try to find an object that's dimensions are in the magnitude of the whole
scene.
Scaling is done in two steps – you need to mark the object in the video frame and to
type in the real dimensions:
1. Click scale
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar to open the
Scale dialog:
2. Click one end of the scaling object.
3. Click the body’s other end.
MultiLab will display two markers on the points you clicked.
4. You can drag the markers to change their position.
5. Type in the body’s actual dimension in the Actual dimension edit
box (in cm).
6. Click OK.
You can change the scaling anytime by clicking Scale
and repeating the
procedure.
2. Set Coordinate System
To set the coordinate system you must specify the origin position and the x axis
direction. You can do it either by a click of the mouse or by entering it manually to the
coordinate system dialog.
Unless you specify otherwise MultiLab will use its default: the origin is in the lower left
side of the frame and the axes are parallel to the window’s sides.
Set origin
1. Click Set origin
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar to open
the Coordinate system dialog:
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2. Click a point in the frame where you want the origin to be
MultiLab automatically updates the X and Y origin coordinates edit
boxes and moves the axes on the frame to the new origin.
3. You can move the origin by clicking another point in the frame
4. You can enter the origin coordinates manually by typing them in the
corresponding edit boxes (in pixels)
5. You can type in the x axis direction (in degrees) in the X axis
direction edit box
6. Click OK
Set X-axis direction
1. Click Rotate origin
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar to
open the Coordinate system dialog:
2. Click a point in the frame where you want the x axis to be placed.
MultiLab automatically updates the X axis direction edit box and
rotates the axes on the frame to the new direction.
3. You can keep rotating the axes by clicking another point in the
frame
4. You can type in the x axis direction (in degrees) in the X axis
direction edit box
5. You can change the origin coordinates by typing them the X and Y
origin coordinates edit boxes (in pixels)
6. Click OK
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You can change the coordinate system origin and direction anytime by clicking Set
origin
or Rotate origin
and repeating the procedure.
3. Set Step
In the marking process, MultiLab automatically steps the video to the next frame
every time you click to add a marker.
To change the step to more then one frame at a time:
1. Click Video analysis on the menu bar and click Frame transition
to open the Frame transition dialog:
2. In the Step edit box, type in the number of frames you want
MultiLab to advance in one step
3. Click OK
4. Mark the Video
One-body motion
1. Click Play
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar and observe
the motion
2. Decide what will be the marking point – the exact point on the
moving object that you want to mark
Tip: Try to choose a clear and sharp point that is visible throughout the entire movie
3. Click Go to first
to roll the film back to the beginning
4. Click Next frame
until you reach the frame with which you want
to start the capture
5. Click the marking point on the moving object
MultiLab automatically marks the point on the screen and creates two new data sets
(one for x coordinates and one for y coordinates). It then adds the point’s coordinates
and time to the corresponding data sets and updates both the graph and the table,
then automatically moves to the next frame
Note: You don’t see the mark because the display had already moved to the next
frame.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
6. Continue clicking the marking point on every frame until you
capture all the data you need or until the video doesn’t step
anymore.
Observe that the graph and table are updated with each mouse click.
Note: In order for MultiLab to automatically move to the next step after one mouse
click, the Consecutive option in two-body motion must be selected (the default
option)
Two-body motion
Use the left mouse button to mark the first body and the right mouse button to mark
the second body.
You can mark two-body motion in two ways: simultaneously or consecutively. In the
simultaneous method you mark the two bodies alternately on every step of the
marking process. In the consecutive method you finish marking the whole motion of
the first body and then repeat the process with the second body.
Simultaneous marking
1. Click Video Analysis on the menu bar, point to Two-body motion,
then click Simultaneous
2. Proceed as in one body motion except that in step 5 right click to
mark the first body and left click to mark the second body
MultiLab waits for both right and left mouse clicks before moving to the
next frame
3. Keep clicking alternately with the right and left mouse button at
every step
Consecutive marking
1. Click Video Analysis on the menu bar, point to Two-body motion,
then click Consecutive
2. Proceed as in one body motion until you finish marking the first body
3. Click Go to first
to roll the film back to the beginning
4. Click Next frame
until you see a marker on the first body
5. Right click the second body to mark it
6. Keep right clicking on every step to mark the second body’s track
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Viewing markings
You can view the markings frame by frame. You can also view the markings on the
video in parallel with the graph’s cursor so that the marker and the cursor are
synchronized.
To view just the markings:
Use the Next frame
and Previous frame
buttons on the Video Motion
Analyzer toolbar to view the desired frame.
To view the markings in parallel with the cursor:
1. Display the cursor on the graph.
MultiLab automatically displays the corresponding frame with the
marker.
2. To scroll through the frames you can either use the Next frame
and Previous frame
buttons on the Video Motion Analyzer
toolbar or drag the cursor on the graph or use the left and right arrow
keys on the keyboard.
Editing the data
You can change the position of the marker at a specific frame. MultiLab will
automatically update the corresponding point in the data set
1. Display the frame you want to edit
2. Click and drag the marker to the new position
Erasing markings
You can erase a marker from a specific frame. MultiLab will automatically delete the
corresponding point in the data set
1. Display the frame you want to edit
2. Click Delete point
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar
3. Click the marker
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
5. Changing the Colors of the Marker and the Axes
1. Click Color settings
on the Video Motion Analyzer toolbar to
open a dialog:
2. Select the desired colors
3. Click OK
To restore default colors click Restore defaults.
2.7.5.
Analyzing the Data
Once you have finished capturing position and time you can apply MultiLab’s
analysis tools to the data. MultiLab converts the body’s track into two data sets X
position (x coordinates) and Y position. By default the two data sets are displayed in
the graph as a function of the time, but you can use the edit graph tool to display the
track (Y vs. X).
In Video Motion Analyzer mode the video is usually displayed in the main window. To
display the graph in the main window select View selection from the View menu.
Before applying analysis functions you may find it helpful to smooth the data with the
smoothing tool on the graph toolbar.
At anytime you can change the origin and direction of the coordinates system
You can also change the coordinates of individual points by relocating them on the
video frame.
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2.8. Workbook
2.8.1.
Working with Workbook
The Workbook is an online library of experiment manuals called worksheets, that
appear in the format of a Web page. Each worksheet includes an experiment
template that automatically configures both MultiLab and MultiLogPRO at the push of
a button. To begin recording, all you need to do is click Run.
Every time you run an experiment from a worksheet, MultiLab opens a new project
file with the same predefined setup.
You can use Fourier-produced worksheets, or create your own. You can also modify
Fourier’s existing worksheets to meet your own specifications.
2.8.2.
Opening a Worksheet
1. Click Workbook on the menu bar, and then click Open worksheet.
2. Navigate to the folder in which the worksheet is stored.
3. Double click the file name to open the worksheet.
Figure 26: Worksheet
4. Follow the on-screen instructions and use the scroll bar, hyperlinks
and the Back and Forward buttons to navigate throughout the
document.
5. Click Launch to configure MultiLab and MultiLogPRO.
6. Click Close to return to MultiLab.
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7. Click Run
on the main toolbar to begin recording.
2.8.3.
Create Your Own Worksheet
Creating a worksheet consist of two steps. First, create an HTML document using
your HTML editor (For example, Word or Front Page). This file should include the
Lab manual and the experiment instructions (see below). The second step is to use
the MultiLab software to create a configuration file, which is a file that will store the
specific settings you wish to define for the experiment. These include the
MultiLogPRO setup, MultiLab’s layout, the recording mode, the graph format desired,
special preset graph scaling, sensors measurement etc.
1. Create an HTML Document with Word
Create a new Web page
1. Open Word.
2. In the File menu, click New.
3. Do one of the following:
•
On the General tab, click Web Page to open a blank Web page.
•
On the Web Pages tab, click the template that you would like to
base your Web page on.
4. Enter your texts and pictures.
5. Click Save on the toolbar.
6. Navigate to C:\Program Files\Fourier Systems\MultiLab\Workbook.
7. Click Save.
Create a Web page from an existing Word document
1. Open the existing file with Word
2. In the File menu, click Save as Web Page
3. Navigate to C:\Program Files\Fourier Systems\MultiLab\Workbook.
4. Click Save
2. Create a Configuration File
1. Open the MultiLab program.
2. Click Workbook on the menu bar, and then click create new
worksheet.
3. Double click the file you want to configure to open it:
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Figure 27: Creating a worksheet
4. Click Enter experiment settings to open the Setup wizard.
5. Use the Setup Wizard to preset MultiLab and MultiLogPRO just as
with the normal setup process (see page 54).
6. When you’ve finished entering the settings, click Finish to update
the worksheet.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
Chapter 2 MultiLab Software
2.9. Special Tools
2.9.1.
Predicting
The Predict tool enables you to draw predictions directly on the graph, prior to
displaying the real data:
1. Click Run
on the main toolbar to start recording.
2. Click Pause/Continue
on the graph toolbar to freeze the
graph.
Data transmitted from the MultiLogPRO while the graph is frozen, is
stored onto the PC but is not displayed.
3. Click on the end of the curve and move the mouse according to your
predictions. Click to draw a straight-line segment. Move the mouse
again and click where you want the second segment to end, and so
on.
4. Click Add prediction
on the graph toolbar to create another
prediction.
5. Click Pause/Continue
a second time to resume live data
display and to compare your predictions with the real data.
2.9.2.
The Timing Wizard
1. Overview
The Timing Wizard enables you to easily measure and calculate many types of time
events, including velocity and acceleration with one or two photogates.
Connect one photogate to input 1 or connect two photogates to input 1 and input 2 in
MultiLogPRO and perform the experiment. The Timing Wizard will then guide you
through the analysis.
With the Timing wizard you can measure sequences of time events at gate one
and/or at gate two, or time events between the two gates. MultiLab can then
calculate the velocity and acceleration. Special options make it easy to measure
velocities in collisions and the time period of a pendulum or any other oscillating
body.
The Timing Wizard can handle multiple events. For example, when a body is
crossing a photogate several times, applying the Timing Wizard will result in a series
of measurements that match the number of crossings.
Note: If you wish to measure fast timing events with photogates only use
MultiLogPRO's accurate timer module (see page 35).
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2. Working with the Timing Wizard
1. Display the data that you wish to analyze in the graph window.
2. Click Analysis on the menu bar, then click Timing Wizard to open
step 1 of the Timing Wizard dialog:
3. Click an option to select measurement: Time, Velocity or
Acceleration
4. Click Next to move to step 2:
5. Click an option to select the measuring method
6. If required enter the body’s width, or the distance between the gates
in cm in the appropriate edit box (in velocity and acceleration
measurements only)
7. Click Finish to display the results
8. If you want to change the method or measurement, click Back to
return to the Timing Wizard. To exit the Timing Wizard click OK
