Tektronix MTM400A Technical Reference

071-2495-00 This document applies to firmware version 3.0 and above. Warning The servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid personal injury, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so. Refer to all safety summaries prior to performing service. www.tektronix.com

suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. Contacting Tektronix Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA For product information, sales, service, and technical support: � In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. � Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.

i Table of Contents General Safety Summary i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service Safety Summary iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Documentation xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RUI Overview RUI Components 1--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FlexVu� Display 1--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis Views Programs View 2--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transport Stream Node 2--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Program Node 2--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary Stream Node 2--16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tests View 2--21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All Tests Node 2--24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test Nodes 2--25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PID Nodes 2--26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SI/PSI (Tables) View 2--27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table Summary Pane 2--28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section View 2--29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SI Repetition Graphs View 2--31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EPG Views 2--31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIDs View 2--35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All PIDs Node 2--35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detail View (All PIDs and PID Group) 2--36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detail View (PIDs) 2--37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packets View 2--39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interface View 2--41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GigE Interface 2--42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COFDM Interface 2--50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8PSK Interface 2--51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QPSK (L-Band) Interface 2--52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QAM (Annex A and Annex C) Interface 2--52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QAM (Annex B II) Interface 2--53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8VSB Interface 2--54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ii MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Configuration Stream Configuration 3--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stream Global Settings 3--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recording Settings 3--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test Parameters 3--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCR Filters 3--10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slot Management 3--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule Management 3--16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Device Configuration 3--23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Device Global Settings 3--23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passwords Settings 3--24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Settings 3--25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Settings 3--27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preferences Configuration 3--31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preferences Global Settings 3--32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Font Settings 3--32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interface Card Configuration 3--35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring an Interface Card 3--36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GigE Interface Settings 3--38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COFDM Interface Settings 3--41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8PSK Interface Settings 3--43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QPSK (L-Band) Settings 3--44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QAM (Annex A and C) Settings 3--45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QAM (Annex B2) Settings 3--47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8VSB Settings 3--48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference Event Log 4--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Event Log Control 4--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinning the Event Log 4--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exporting the Event Log 4--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Color Coding Events 4--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chart Views and Bit Rates 4--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bar Charts 4--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Error Status 4--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bit Rate Range Bar 4--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bit Rate Limits 4--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pie Charts 4--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Historical Multiplex Graph 4--10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference iii Graph Management 4--11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurement Background 4--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cursor Data and Control 4--13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graph Menu and Toolbar 4--14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding and Removing Graphs 4--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Out of Range Indicators 4--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settling Time 4--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zooming Graphs 4--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graph Controls 4--16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Context Menus 4--17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintenance Maintenance 5--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preventative Maintenance 5--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing or Replacing an Interface Card 5--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Maintenance 5--14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repacking for Shipment 5--16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index

iv MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference List of Figures Figure 1--1: RUI components 1--2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--2: Toolbar controls 1--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--3: Button bar 1--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--4: Customize Button Bar dialog box 1--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--5: Panel slide controls 1--8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--6: Tear-off view 1--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--7: Status bar 1--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--8: Breadcrumb trail 1--11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--9: FlexVu� display 1--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--10: FlexVu� select icon 1--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--1: Analysis - Programs view 2--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--2: Thumbnail display 2--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--3: Template view 2--8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--4: Service logging - Data storage 2--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--5: Stream view - Summary 2--13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--6: Program node 2--15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--7: Elementary stream node 2--16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--8: PCR Graphs view 2--17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--9: Tests view 2--21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--10: Test view nodes 2--22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--11: Test filtering buttons 2--23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--12: Test Failures view 2--24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--13: Tests view - test nodes 2--25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--14: Test view - PID nodes 2--26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--15: SI/PSI (tables) view 2--27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--16: SI/PSI (tables) view - Programs (example) 2--28 . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--17: SI/PSI (tables) view -- Section view 2--29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--18: Section payload 2--30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--19: EPG Summary view (tear-off view) 2--32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--20: EPG nodes 2--34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--21: PIDs view 2--35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--22: All PIDs Summary view (tear-off view) 2--37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--23: PID detail view -- timing graphs 2--38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--24: Packets view -- ISDB--T, IIP detail example 2--39 . . . . . . . . .

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference v Figure 2--25: Interface view (typical) 2--41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--26: Interface view - GigE 2--42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--27: GigE interface Readings view (tear-off view) 2--43 . . . . . . . . Figure 2--28: GigE interface graphs (tear-off view) 2--46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2--29: Traffic view 2--47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--1: Configuration dialog box 3--1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--2: Stream global settings configuration page 3--2 . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--3: Recording Settings configuration page 3--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--4: 25% pretrigger example 3--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--5: 15% pretrigger example 3--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--6: Record trigger set -- example 3--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--7: Test Parameters configuration page 3--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--8: PCR Filters configuration page 3--10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--9: PCR Filter parameters 3--11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--10: Configuration - Slot Management page 3--13 . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--11: Configuration file handling 3--13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--12: Schedule Management configuration page 3--18 . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--13: Scheduling and time zones 3--21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--14: Device global configuration page 3--23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--15: Passwords configuration page 3--24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--16: Network Settings configuration page 3--26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--17: Time zones example 3--27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--18: Time Settings configuration page 3--28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--19: Preferences configuration page 3--31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--20: Configuration - Font page 3--33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--21: Typical Interface dialog box 3--36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--1: Event log color coding 4--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--2: Event log - Color dialog box 4--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--3: Bit rate display selection 4--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--4: Bar chart 4--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--5: Bar chart range bar 4--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--6: Set Bit Rate Limits context menu 4--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--7: Set Bit Rate Limits dialog box 4--8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--8: Pie chart 4--9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--9: Historical multiplex graph 4--10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--10: Typical timing graph display 4--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4--11: Graph cursors 4--13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Figure 4--12: Graph toolbar 4--14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--1: Removing the instrument cover 5--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--2: QAM (Annex A), QAM (Annex B1), QAM (Annex C), and QPSK (L-Band, old version) interface card location 5--5 . . . . . . Figure 5--3: QAM (Annex B2), 8PSK/QPSK, 8VSB, and COFDM interface card location 5--5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--4: GigE interface card installation 5--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--5: Retaining screw locations for QAM (Annex A), QAM (Annex B1), QAM (Annex C), and QPSK (L-Band, old version) interface cards 5--8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--6: Retaining screw locations for QAM (Annex B2), 8PSK/QPSK, 8VSB, and COFDM interface cards 5--8 . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--7: Retaining screw locations for GigE interface card 5--9 . . . . Figure 5--8: Cable connections for QAM (Annex A), QAM (Annex B1), QAM (Annex C), and QPSK (L-Band, old version) interface cards 5--11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--9: Cable connections for QAM (Annex B2), 8PSK/QPSK, 8VSB, and COFDM interface cards 5--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5--10: Cable connections for GigE interface card 5--13 . . . . . . . . . .

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference vii List of Tables Table i: Product documentation xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--1: Menu options 1--3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--2: Toolbar controls 1--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--3: Status bar controls 1--10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2--1: Programs view nodes 2--4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2--2: Timing measurement graphs 2--18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2--3: Color coding - Errors and Warnings 2--23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2--4: GigE Traffic view column descriptions 2--47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 3--1: PCR settling times 3--12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4--1: Context menus 4--17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5--1: QAM (Annex A), QAM (Annex B1), QAM (Annex C), and QPSK (L-Band, old version) card connectors 5--4 . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5--2: QAM (Annex B2), 8PSK/QPSK, 8VSB, and COFDM interface card connectors 5--6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 5--3: GigE interface card connectors 5--7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ix General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the country of use. Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded. Ground Equipment Connected to the Product. Ensure that any equipment connected to this product is grounded and at the same potential. Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product. Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed. Use Proper Fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product. Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present. Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel. Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation. To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

x MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property. These terms may appear on the product: � DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking. � WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking. � CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. The following symbol(s) may appear on the product: CAUTION Refer to Manual Protective Ground (Earth) Terminal Terms in this Manual Symbols and Terms on the Product

xi Service Safety Summary Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. Read this Service Safety Summary and the General Safety Summary before performing any service procedures. Do Not Service Alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this product unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present. Disconnect Power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the instrument power, then disconnect the power cord from the mains power. Use Care When Servicing With Power On. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing components. To avoid electric shock, do not touch exposed connections. Use only Tektronix approved components when servicing the unit.

xiii Preface This manual describes the MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor, which provides a complete solution for transmission monitoring of MPEG transport streams over RF, IP, and ASI interfaces. The MTM400A monitor uses a single transport stream processor platform packaged in a 1 RU rackmount chassis to provide monitoring of a transport stream at data rates up to 155 Mbps. The platform is used to provide an extended confidence monitoring product that, with the addition of software options, provides comprehensive diagnostic monitoring capabilities. The extended confidence monitor provides key MPEG tests; this basic level of functionality and low cost enables widespread deployment throughout a transmission network, facilitating rapid fault isolation. The diagnostic monitor- ing options provide more in-depth analysis of the MPEG transport stream including recording capability, PSI/SI/PSIP/ARIB analysis and unique user-de- fined template tests to ensure that the right content is at the right place at the right time. Deployed at key network nodes, the MTM400A monitor equipped as a diagnostic monitor enables you to pinpoint the cause of faults. Product Documentation Table i lists the product documentation supporting the MTM400A monitor. Table i: Product documentation Item (Tektronix part number) Purpose Location Quick Start User Manual (071-2492-xx English, 071-2493-xx Japanese) Provides installation and high-level operational overviews + + RUI v3.0 Upgrade Technical Reference (071-2505-xx) Describes the remote user interface (RUI) changes introduced with the MTM400A monitor + + Release Notes (071-2494-xx) Describes late breaking product informa- tion and operational issues + + Technical Reference (071-2495-xx) Provides in-depth operating information (this manual) + Specifications and Performance Verification Technical Reference (071-2496-xx) Provides complete product specifications and a procedure for verifying the operation of the instrument +

Table i: Product documentation (Cont.) Item (Tektronix part number) Location Purpose Test Parameter and Configuration File Technical Reference (071-2497-xx) Provides information about using test parameters and configuration files Programmer Manual (071-2498-xx) Provides information about remote command syntax Declassification and Security Instruc- tions (071-2499-xx) Provides instructions for removing your proprietary information from the instrument Firmware Upgrade Instructions (075-0972-xx) Provides instructions for upgrading the product firmware + Hardware Upgrade Instructions (075-0973-xx) Provides instructions for installing the optional hardware interface cards Key: Printed document MTM400A product documentation CD - PDF format Tektronix Web site - PDF format

1-1 RUI Overview The MTM400A monitor is a single-stream, extended-confidence, MPEG-2 protocol, monitoring device. It is used to monitor a single transport stream in MPEG-2, DVB, ISDB and ATSC environments. The MTM400A monitor is designed to be operated in a standard equipment rack. The basic MTM400A monitor provides confidence monitoring by making key measurements and comparing them with preset parameters; inconsistencies can be reported as varying levels of error. Integrated flexibility allows the software to be upgraded with diagnostic capabilities and to supply detailed information to enable fault identification and analysis. Unencrypted MPEG-2 video content can be monitored using the thumbnail feature. The user interface is accessed through a Remote User Interface (RUI). The RUI allows the status of the MTM400A monitor to be determined from anywhere in the world and provides remote control of the measurements and configuration to the administrator. The RUI is accessed through Microsoft Internet Explorer (Version 6 SP 1 minimum). The user interface can also be accessed by the Web Monitoring Systems Manager (WebMSM). The WebMSM is a Java application that is installed on any personal computer. The installation, configuration, and operation of the WebMSM are described in the WebMSM User Manual (Tektronix part number 071-1239-xx). NOTE. The WebMSM application is no longer available from Tektronix. However, if you have a copy of WebMSM, you can download a software update from the Tektronix Web site to enable the product to operate with the MTM400A monitor user interface. The RUI and the WebMSM communicate with the MTM400A monitor through the open standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) and SMPTE 310M (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 19.392 Mbps only) interfaces are provided as standard. QAM Annexes A, B, and C, (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), COFDM (Coded Orthoganal Frequency Division Modulation), QPSK (Quadra- ture Phase Shift Keying) (L-Band), 8PSK (Eight level Phase Shift Keying) and 8VSB (Eight level Vestigial Side Band), and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces are available as options.

RUI Components Figure 1--1 shows the main components of the RUI. They are described in the following paragraphs. Figure 1-1: RUI components The title bar shows the stream name (defined in the Stream Configuration view), the IP address of the connected MTM400A monitor, and the product title (MTM400A Transport Stream Monitor). Title Bar

1-3 The menu bar provides access to a selection of major system options using drop-down menus. The menus and their options are described in Table 1--1. Table 1-1: Menu options Menu name Command Shortcut keys Function File Connect... Alt + N Connect to new MTM400/MTM400A monitor. Exit Alt + F4 Closes the remote user interface window and terminates the connection with the MTM400A monitor. View Show Main Window -- Shows/hides the main window. Show Button Bar -- Shows/hides the button bar. Tear-Offs � -- Provides selection and control of tear-off windows. Navigation Back / Forward Alt + Left / Alt + Right Allows navigation backward and forward through view history. FlexVu� -- Opens the FlexVu� display. Select Tree � -- Opens Analysis windows: 1 Programs tree Ctrl + 1 2 Tests tree Ctrl + 2 3 SI/PSI tree Ctrl + 3 4 PIDs tree Ctrl + 4 5 Packets tree Ctrl + 5 6 Interface tree Ctrl + 6 Settings Configuration... Alt + C Opens the Configuration dialog box. Interface... Alt + I Opens the Interface Configuration dialog box. Standard... Alt + T Opens the DTV Standards Selection dialog box. Help About... -- Displays application and system information. Menu Bar

Table 1--2 describes the toolbar controls shown in Figure 1--2. 1 4 3 2 6 5 7 8 Figure 1-2: Toolbar controls Table 1-2: Toolbar controls Figure 1-2 item Control name Description 1 Hide/Show button bar Hide or show the button bar. 2 Previous/Next Move to the previous/next view in the viewing history. 3 Connect Opens the Connect to MTM Device dialog box that you can use to reconnect to the current MTM400A monitor or to connect to a different MTM400A monitor (see the MTM400A Quick Start User Manual). 4 Interface Opens the Interface dialog box (see page 3--35). You can set up the RF or IP interface. 5 Standard Opens the Standard Selection dialog box. You can select the DTV standard and region: MPEG, DVB, ATSC, ISDB, Chinese, and DigiCipher�II. 6 Configuration Opens the Configuration dialog box (see page 3--1). You can configure stream and device functions. 7 Recording controls Opens the Recording Settings dialog box. You can set up and initiate stream recording (see page 3--4). 8 Reset Tests Resets all tests, including Stream, Device, and Interface tests and Informational warnings. Toolbar

1-5 The button bar (see Figures 1--1 and 1--3) provides basic monitoring and shortcuts to the views in the application window. The buttons are divided into the following two groups: � Primary buttons. The primary buttons include Polling, Monitoring, Interface, Info Events, and Device. � Monitoring buttons. All of the buttons associated with monitoring are grouped under the Monitoring primary button. You can hide or show the monitoring buttons by clicking on the � or � symbols. Figure 1-3: Button bar Button Bar

Customizing the Button Bar. To customize the button bar for your monitoring requirements, select Customize from the top of the button bar or from the button bar context menu to open the Customize Button Bar dialog box (see Figure 1--4). The Device and Monitoring buttons are always shown. Other buttons can be permanently shown, permanently hidden, or automatically hidden when the function or feature is not available. Select the option from the drop-down list that is available when the button name is highlighted. You can change the position of buttons in the Monitoring group by highlighting the button name and using the Move Up and Move Down buttons. You can customize the display to show or hide the button bar depending on your monitoring needs (see page 1--7). mtm4a_bbar_customize.tif Figure 1-4: Customize Button Bar dialog box

1-7 Showing / Hiding the Button Bar and the Main Application View. By clicking on the appropriate button, you can hide the button bar, leaving only the main applica- tion window displayed, or you can hide the main application window, leaving only the button bar displayed. Hide the button bar Hide the main application view Show the button bar / main application view As shown in Figure 1--1 on page 1--2, the main application view contains the following display elements: � Top-level tabs. The top-level tabs provide access to the FlexVu� display and the following Analysis views: � Programs view � Tests view � SI/PSI (Tables) view � PIDs view � Packets view � Interface view (where an interface card is installed) � Summary tabs. The Summary tabs provide access to the individual analysis views, which include the tree views and the detail views. � Tree view. Each analysis view includes a tree view. This is a hierarchical view of the related analysis information. � Detail view(s). The detail views vary depending on which node is high- lighted in the tree view. Detail views include summary views, error logs, and thumbnail views. Main Application View

Horizontal and Vertical Panel Slides. Using the horizontal and vertical panel controls (see Figure 1--5), you can cause a single pane in the main application window to expand horizontally or vertically. The controls are displayed on the divider bars that are between views and panels. The RUI window size and panel boundaries can be dragged in the conventional Windows manner to resize them. Figure 1-5: Panel slide controls

1-9 Tear-off Function. Click the tear-off icon (see Figure 1--6) to display a view in a window separate from the main application view. Figure 1-6: Tear-off view Table 1--3 describes the Status bar messages shown in Figure 1--7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Figure 1-7: Status bar Status Bar

Table 1-3: Status bar controls Figure 1-7 item Button function Description 1 Connectivity Shows the status of the network connection with the MTM400A monitor. If the network connection has failed, a red cross is superimposed on the icon. 2 Login Shows the user name currently logged in: Administrator or User (see page 3--24). 3 TS availability Indicates that either the stream bit rate has fallen below the minimum value or that synchronization has been lost (see item 4 in this table, Sync). The minimum stream bit rate is set using the “Min stream bit rate for processing” parameter, see Test Parameters on page 3--9. 4 Sync Shows the status of the MPEG sync loss test. Loss of sync during analysis of a stream may mean that analysis of the complete stream was not possible. 5 Bit rate Total bit rate of the transport stream. 6 Packet size Packets in a stream can be either 188 or 204 bytes long. This is detected automatically. 7 Stream interpretation, base standard This is the set of tests that is being used to analyze the stream. 8 Stream interpretation, region This subset of tests modifies the base standard; it may add tests or modify existing ones. 9 Physical interface The current interface for real-time analysis. 10 Partial reception (Not shown - available only for ISDB-T streams.) This icon indicates the presence of partial reception data in the stream. The colors indicate the status as follows: Gray: Partial reception availability is unknown. Green: Partial reception data is available. Gray + red cross: Partial reception data is not available. 11 Processing status, Strained Shows the “strained” processing status; that is whether throttling is being applied to cut down on the information being processed. 1 12 Processing status, Overwhelmed Shows the “overwhelmed” processor status; that is whether the processing engine is able to cope with the amount of information in the stream even after throttling. 1 13 Processing status, SI throttle Shows the SI throttle status; that is whether the processing engine is able to cope with the amount of SI tables in the stream, in particular EPG information, even after throttling. 1 1 Processing status colors: Green: OK Amber: Processing was strained/overwhelmed but is currently OK Red: Processing is currently strained/overwhelmed White: Processor state is unknown Gray: Test disabled

1-11 Context menus (or right-click menus) are available throughout the MTM400A monitor RUI. The menu options are context sensitive. For a full listing of context menu options, refer to Context Menus on page 4--17. Extensive tooltips are available. Hover the pointer over the button or item with which you need help. Command buttons in dialog boxes operate as follows: � OK. Implements any changes made in the dialog box and closes the box. � Apply. Applies any changes made in the dialog box, but does not close it. � Cancel. Discards any changes made in the dialog box, but not already applied, and closes the box. In addition to the Previous/Next controls in the toolbar (see Figure 1--2 on page 1--4), the FlexVu� and tear-off views display a breadcrumb trail to indicate their relative location in the RUI structure immediately beneath the title bar as shown in Figure 1--8. Figure 1-8: Breadcrumb trail Context Menus Tooltips Dialog Box Commands Navigation

FlexVu� Display The FlexVu� display (see Figure 1--9) enables the instrument to perform like a four-in-one monitor on a single incoming stream. The display allows you to select up to four concurrent views of a monitored stream and provides the ability to configure each of the four views independently. Each of the FlexVu� views is selected from views available under the Analysis tab. Figure 1-9: FlexVu� display The FlexVu� select icon appears in the top-right corner of many main applica- tion detail views (see Figure 1--10). Use this icon to select views for simulta- neous display in the FlexVu� window. When you click the icon, you can then select the FlexVu� panel in which the view will be displayed. Figure 1-10: FlexVu� select icon FlexVu� Display Selection

2-1 Analysis Views The analysis views provide a single main program summary window with different context sensitive views contained within tabbed frames. This view is intended to provide the maximum amount of useful information while keeping the screen from appearing cluttered. From the Analysis view window, you can access the following views: � Programs � Tests � SI/PSI (Tables) � PID � Packets � Interface These views are described on the following pages.

2-3 Programs View The Programs view is displayed when the Analysis > Programs tab is selected. The tree view initially displays the top node of the program tree, which represents the monitored stream from a program perspective. Figure 2-1: Analysis - Programs view The detail view shows details of the node highlighted in the navigation view. With the tree expanded, the navigation view shows the makeup of the stream (see Figure 2--1). The tree view consists of the transport stream, program, and elementary stream nodes (PIDs). The transport stream carries a number of programs and each program carries a number of elementary streams. Elementary streams are carried in packets that are identified by packets identifiers (PIDs).

Each node in the programs tree view displays a different range of detail views as detailed in Table 2--1. Table 2-1: Programs view nodes Node / Detail tab Transport stream Program Elementary stream Summary � � - Thumbnails � � - Template � - - Event Log � � � Service Log � - - TR101 290 errors � - - Other errors � - - SFN errors � - - Program Tests - � - Associated Tests - - � Timing Graphs - - � TMCC/IIP � - - Clicking the Next Error button will highlight the next red LED in the current view. Only the lowest level nodes will be considered and highlighted in the search because the parent nodes simply reflect the state of the lowest level nodes. Error Location

2-5 Transport Stream Node The transport stream node represents the entire transport stream in terms of the programs that it contains. The adjacent LED icon represents the status of the entire transport stream; any status error in the stream will be represented by this LED. When this node is selected, the detail view displays the transport stream summary. The associated detail view provides a program-oriented overview of the transport stream, allowing you to see the relative data rates of all of the programs contained within the transport. A summary of the overall stream is also displayed. The information can be displayed as a bar chart, a pie chart, or a historical multiplex graph (see page 4--5). The data rate of a program is the cumulative data rate of all the PIDs that are associated with that particular program, including PCR and ECM PIDs. NOTE. Components can be shared between programs, so the overall data rate of all of the programs can appear to be greater than the total data rate of the transport stream as shown in the status bar. The lower detail view shows you a summary of the states of all the associated tests and an event log for the entire transport stream (an unfiltered event log). The available test tabs vary, depending on which interpretation standard you choose. For example, with the DVB interpretation standard, the available tabs are TR 101 209 and Other. Other interpretation standards will generate different tabs and different sets of tests (see SI/PSI (Tables) View on page 2--27). When any test in the transport stream has failed (and has not been reset), you can identify which individual tests have failed by observing the red LEDs. You can use the context (right-click) menus to reset and disable tests to set alarms, recording triggers points, and to jump to associated tests. The Event Log displays the log entries for the whole transport stream. A more detailed description of event log management can be found starting on page 4--1. Test Status Views Error Log

This screen displays thumbnail views of the video channels being monitored. Three modes of thumbnail display are available: Thumbnails only, Brief Details, and Full Summary. The thumbnails only view provides a video view of each channel, including its service name and PID. The Brief Details and Full Summary views provide progressively more detailed information about each video channel. Selecting the thumbnail viewing size from the context menu affects all thumbnails. Figure 2-2: Thumbnail display Thumbnails

2-7 If the video channels being monitored are scrambled or undecodable, one of the following icons will be displayed: The following icons are used to indicate the state of thumbnails: (Red) Error or no thumbnail (Red) Video - Scrambled (Blue) Non-video / non-audio (Blue) Audio (Gray) Stream processing strained The color of the thumbnail frame reflects the status of the PID carrying the displayed elementary stream. To view the PID in the PIDs view, either select the quick link from the context menu or double-click the thumbnail frame. Monitoring the syntax of a transport stream according to TR101 290 is not enough to guarantee that the correct information is being delivered to the viewers’ receiver. Ensuring that the contents of the transport stream are correct requires the monitoring equipment to have prior knowledge of what the broadcaster plans to transmit. A template in which the operator enters the values expected to be present in a transport stream can be compared with a transport stream to verify its content, and made to indicate any discrepancy. The composition of a transport stream may vary during the day as daytime programming is replaced by the evening primetime and then the late night programs. You can schedule template changes to coincide with changes in the program content. Among the items that can be checked using a template are the following: � Transport stream identifier � Services - presence, name � PIDs in services � PID types and scrambling state � Service regional ratings Template

The template feature allows you to create a template that can be applied to a stream (or streams) that is being monitored. If the stream does not conform to the template, the associated icon changes color (in the same way as the error icons) and an entry is made in the error log. Initially, templates are stream specific; a template will be created and applied to a specific stream. However, a template can subsequently be uploaded to any device. In Figure 2--3, the presence of service 8258 in the transport stream is being checked. In addition, details of the service and associated PIDs are checked. Figure 2-3: Template view

2-9 The device and stream identities are shown in the title bar. The template currently in use is shown in the field at the top of the screen. � The first column shows, in hierarchical and graphical form, the categories of template elements to be applied. Each category can be expanded by clicking the folder icon (see Template Manipulation on page 2--11). � If the element conforms to the template setting, the State icon will be green. Failure to conform is indicated by a red icon. If any elements fail to conform, the Template button in the button bar will also be red. � The Expected Value is the value provided in the template configuration file. � The Actual Value is reported. The template content is supplied in XML format as part of the configuration file. The template lists data whose presence and content is to be checked in the transport stream. The State icons indicate that an element listed in the template has conformed to the requirement. The following template section of a configuration file resulted in the display shown in Figure 2--3: 8194 12290 9018 0 0 1 ITV1 520 0 0 2 false false

0 3 false false 0 3 false false 0 6 false false 0 11 false false 0 11 false false 0 11 false false 0 11 false false

2-11 Template Manipulation. The categories of template elements are interpreted in a tree format, the branches of which can be expanded and contracted if the file is viewed in an XML editor or Microsoft Internet Explorer. Each category title is accompanied by a folder icon. Clicking a folder will expand that category. Expanding a category might reveal the basic components of the category or it might reveal further sub-categories, which can also be expanded. A bullet icon is displayed adjacent to basic components. Selecting the folder icon of an expanded category will collapse the category. XML files can be edited with an XML editor or a text editor (for example, Microsoft Notepad). The MTM400A will automatically generate a template for you based on the stream being monitored. You can Create and Apply a template immediately or you can Create and Download a template for further modification or examina- tion. Template checking can be turned off by disabling the Template checking checkbox on this view or the Configuration > Stream page. Template and Schedules. The use of templates can be enhanced by scheduling their application and use. In this way, a series of templates can be applied chronologically to a stream. Scheduling is described on page 3--16.

Each program in a transport stream can contain one or more elementary streams (for example, video, audio and control). The content of each elementary stream is carried as packets of data; each elementary stream is assigned a Packet Identifier (PID). Service Logging allows packet counts for specified PIDs (range: 0 to 100) to be collected at a user-definable interval. Typically this information can be used by network operators to bill customers for transferred data. Network operators may want to present an itemized bill for packets of data carried in each time period. The data is stored as a grid. After each time period, all the counts move down one position and a new count is started in the top row. The grid is 64 rows (time periods) deep and 100 PIDs wide. So up to 100 PIDs may be monitored, with a common timing resolution. Figure 2-4: Service logging - Data storage The timing resolution should not be set too fast or data may reach the bottom of the grid (t(rest)) before it can be read. If data does reach the bottom of the grid, it is not lost but it is accumulated in the final row. Accumulated data is added to the bottom row for up to three days. After this time the data is discarded and the PID is no longer monitored. When a service log is being monitored from multiple locations, only one location should be selected to consume entries. This will allow all locations adequate time to view or log the entries. Service Log

2-13 The customer must balance the level of detail required (the timing resolution) with the infrastructure that is required to collect, store, and collate the informa- tion. Typically the timing resolution is set for 1000 ms; in this case the grid cell will contain a value approximating to packets per second; to improve accuracy each count has an associated duration. Figure 2-5: Stream view - Summary The following settings are available: Consume Entries. The data in the service log is not discarded once it is read; this means that more than one RUI may view the data. One RUI should be nominated to consume the entries. This RUI will then be guaranteed to get all of the data without another RUI consuming the data. Where the data is logged to disk, the logging RUI must be the consuming RUI. Log Entries. Select this checkbox if entries are to be logged to a file.

Log Filename. Displays the log file name. A log file name can only be set when the Consume Entries checkbox is selected. The log file is written in CSV (comma separated values) format. In this format, it can be transferred to any suitable analysis program, for example, Microsoft Excel. Max. List Entries. This value sets the number of entries that are displayed. It does not affect the actual logging of counts. Enter a value in the field and select Set. Add / Delete. The Service PIDs text area lists the PIDs currently being logged. PIDs can be added and deleted. The timing resolution of counts is controlled by configuration file parameter PS4 (Packet Counting Bin Duration) multiplied by PS6 (Number of Packet Counting Bins), typically PS4 * PS6 is set for 1000 ms. PS4 is the τ (tau) value for the PID occupancy bit rate measurement as defined in TR 101 290. This value affects many measurements; in this case it ensures that the timespan is a whole multiple of the bit rate counting interval and reduces sampling errors. PS6 (Counting Bins) should be set to give the required count duration - Timing Interval (PS4 * PS6 * 10). Service Log Configuration. The Service Log parameters can also be set using the configuration file. The following example shows how to monitor four PIDs. Note that the PIDs may be specified as separate elements or as a space delimited list. 10 100 301 302 304 410 This configuration can be embedded in a full configuration file, or just uploaded as an incremental change (refer to Configuration File Structure in the MTM400A Programmer Manual).

2-15 Program Node Each of the program nodes in the transport stream represents a single program referenced within the stream. When a program node is selected in the navigation view, the detail pane displays the details of the program. The LED adjacent to the program node represents the status of its child nodes (elementary streams) and the related tests. Figure 2-6: Program node The program detail view provides you with an overview of the selected program, allowing you to see the relative data rates and stream types of all of the PIDs that are associated with the program (including PCR and ECM PIDs). If the program contains an MPEG2 video stream, it is decoded to produce a thumbnail picture of the content. Similarly, where EPG information is associated with the program, a summary (Now and Next program) is displayed. PID content is indicated using icons. Bar chart and pie chart views are available. PID related information is available under the Summary view. The Thumnails view displays details of the streams and thumbnails for each of the programs (where available). The Program Tests view shows tests related to the program.

The Event Log shows the errors for the highlighted program or test. When no tests are selected, the event log will show the events related to all tests associated with the elementary stream selected in the program tree. You can deselect a test in the detail view by clicking the Name column header. Where parameters are associated with tests, parameters can be edited using the context menu (see Stream Configuration - Test Parameters on page 3--9). Elementary Stream Node Each of the elementary stream nodes in the program tree represents a single elementary stream referenced by the parent program. When this node is selected, the view pane displays the Associated Tests view. A tooltip is displayed giving stream type and description when the pointer is hovered over the node in the program tree view. Figure 2-7: Elementary stream node An LED associated with each elementary stream node indicates the status of the tests relating to the elementary stream.

2-17 When the selected elementary stream PID contains timing information, PCR trend analysis views are also available, allowing you to display graphs of PCR accuracy and PCR interval data. When the transport stream contains timestamped data, the PCR overall jitter, PCR frequency offset, PCR arrival time, and PCR drift rate graphs are also available (see Timing Graphs on page 2--18). NOTE. Graph management and timing graphs are described in more detail in the Graph Management (see page 4--11). Figure 2-8: PCR Graphs view The Associated Tests tab shows tests related to the elementary stream node. Where parameters are associated with tests, parameters can be edited using the context menu (see Test Parameters on page 3--9). Similarly, the Event Log shows the errors for the highlighted test. When no tests are selected, the event log will show the events related to all tests associated with the elementary stream selected in the program tree.

Table 2--2 shows the timing graphs that are available for PIDs carrying PCR and PTSs. Table 2-2: Timing measurement graphs Graph Type PID + PCR + Timestamps PCR Inaccuracy � PCR Arrival Interval � PCR Drift Rate � PCR Frequency Offset � PCR Overall Jitter � PTS Arrival Interval � Descriptions follow of each of the measurements. Adjustments can be made to each of the measurement parameters. If the interval exceeds the limits displayed on the screen, the scale is adjusted automatically as necessary to include the maximum displayed values. NOTE. As with other parameter value adjustments, it is important to note where the adjustment is being made from. If the adjustment is made with a test node highlighted, all PIDs will be measured against that value. If the adjustment is made with a PID highlighted, only that PID will be measured against the modified value. The PCR Overall Jitter graph shows the time interval between the actual value of the PCR and its expected value based on its arrival time. The Maximum PCR Accuracy Error limit can be adjusted by modifying the Max PCR overall jitter parameter. The PCR Inaccuracy graph shows the difference between the actual and expected values for each PCR on the Y-axis. Expected PCR values are calculated from the byte index of the PCR. The Maximum PCR Accuracy Error limit can be adjusted by modifying the Max PCR accuracy error. Timing Graphs PCR Overall Jitter PCR Inaccuracy

2-19 The PCR Arrival Interval graph provides a display of the time interval between successive PCRs, during the last 256 PCRs. The interval is displayed on the Y-axis. The PCR Maximum Repetition Interval limit can be adjusted by modifying the PCR max repetition interval. This Drift Rate graph shows the rate of change of PCR Frequency Offset, which is often very small. It is calculated using PCR Frequency Offset measurements. The maximum PCR Drift Rate limit can be adjusted by modifying the Max PCR frequency drift rate parameter. The Frequency Offset graph shows the difference between the program clock frequency and the nominal clock frequency (measured against a reference that is not PCR or transport stream derived). PCR Frequency Offset is a measurement of the error in the PCR frequency from the specified 27 MHz; the MPEG specification sets the limits at ±810 Hz. The Maximum PCR Frequency Offset limit can be adjusted by modifying the “Max PCR frequency offset” parameter. Presentation Time Stamps (PTS) graph provides a display of the time interval between successive PTSs. PCR Arrival Interval PCR Drift PCR Frequency Offset PTS Arrival Interval

2-21 Tests View The Tests view displays test information relevant to the transport stream being analyzed. The view is displayed when the Tests button is selected in the button bar or when the Tests tab is selected in the tree view (see Figure 2--9). Figure 2-9: Tests view The view displays a test tree that represents all the tests that have been applied to the analyzed transport stream. Figure 2--10 shows the nodes available in the navigation view.

Group Priority Test Associated PIDs Subset Group “Other” Stream Tests (All) Figure 2-10: Test view nodes The test tree structure represents all of the tests that can be applied to a transport stream complying with a particular digital video standard: MPEG, DVB, ATSC, ISDB-S, and ISDB-T. The standard must be selected before beginning analysis. The test tree contains nodes for each test that the analyzer can implement gathered under the stream tests primary node. An example of a tree structure for a selected standard is the TR 101 290 group of tests for DVB transport streams (see Figure 2--10). The Group node is split into priority groups: First Priority, Second Priority, and Third Priority. Each of these priority groups contains a number of individual tests. Test grouping differs between digital video standards. However, all of the currently implemented standards contain a subset of the relevant TR 101 290 tests. In standards other than DVB, the tests are not numbered. Where relevant, PIDs will be associated with a test in the test tree when the test has either been disabled, or when it has failed. Two other primary nodes are displayed, Informational Events and Device Tests. Informational Events include stream events and messages that are logged but do not constitute a test failure; for example, a version change of a table carried in the SI/PSI is reported in the stream log but is not subject to a standard test. The only place that these stream events are recorded is in the stream logs. This screen Test Structure

2-23 collects these all in one place and allows their recording in the stream log to be enabled or disabled. This screen also shows errors that have been generated by all IP sessions when a Gigabit Ethernet interface is fitted. The messages to be displayed are set at the factory; interface cards can also generate messages. Alarm and trigger actions can be set on all tests using the context menus. In addition to the alarms and triggers, message recording in the stream log can be enabled and disabled for stream related tests. The color coding used for the error icons is shown in Table 2--3. Table 2-3: Color coding - Errors and Warnings Icon Color Meaning Green Idle -- the event is not happening at this time. Red Event detected and still present. Yellow Transient event, which has now ended. Gray The event has been disabled (or is unavailable). All buttons gray indicates that connection to a device has been lost. White Test not applicable. For example, PCR tests when the program clock reference is not carried by any PIDs in the stream. Black Maintenance mode. Interpreting the display of tests can be made easier using the three filter buttons at the top of the Tests navigation view. Gray White Green Figure 2-11: Test filtering buttons Each button, when selected, will hide a category of tests in the display. This feature will act only on the individual test nodes. Error Color Coding Test Filtering

� When you select the gray button, only tests that are enabled will be displayed in the test tree. � When you select the white button, only tests that have known and applicable status will be displayed in the test tree. � When you select the green button, tests that currently have OK status will not be displayed in the test tree. All Tests Node The detail view when the All Tests node is selected is shown in Figure 2--9 on page 2--21. In addition to a summary of all tests, the event log shows the most recent events that have occurred during analysis of the stream. Figure 2-12: Test Failures view The Test Failures view provides an overview of the tests that have failed during monitoring. The view is divided into two panes. The left panes shows those tests that have failed in the last second; under high-load conditions, this can be longer. The right pane shows those tests that have failed, not including those that have failed in the last second, and are displayed on the left side. If a test fails, it will be displayed on the left side. When it no longer fails, it will be removed from the left side and listed on the right side as a test that has previously failed. If the test fails again, it will be removed from the left side and redisplayed on the right side until it no longer fails. Additionally, tests that were not in a list in the previous update are shown shaded at the top of that list. This enables any new test failure activity to be seen quickly. Test Failures View

2-25 Test Nodes When you select a test node, the Associated PIDs pane displays a summary of all of the PIDs and an event log listing all events that are associated with the test. Figure 2-13: Tests view - test nodes

PID Nodes Where tests have failed, the PIDs affected are listed under the test node in the Tests navigation view. Selecting a PID will display the Event Log for that PID. Figure 2-14: Test view - PID nodes

2-27 SI/PSI (Tables) View The SI/PSI (tables) view displays service information in tree form, as in the other navigation views. The tree represents the service information tables that have occurred in the monitored stream and that comply with the selected digital video standard. This includes MPEG program specific information, DVB service information, ATSC and ISDB program information, and system information protocol. The tree contains nodes for each table found; tables/nodes are grouped together by functionality. Figure 2--15 shows an example of the Table navigation view with DVB stream interpretation selected. Figure 2-15: SI/PSI (tables) view Every node within the service-information tree has a corresponding summary view. Nodes that represent tables will also provide you with access to the table structure and hex data (see Section View on page 2--29), and graphical displays of data rates and interval data (see SI Repetition Graphs View on page 2--31). Some of the nodes that represent less common tables or table groups may not have specific summary views available in the analyzer. In these cases, a generic summary view is used.

2-28 MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Table Summary Pane The Table Summary view provides a summary of the table related information for the monitored transport stream. There is a table summary view for every node of the service information. The content is dictated by the selected node. All summary views for nodes that represent an individual table or subtable will display the table identity and version number of the table from which the information is extracted. Where relevant, links are provided to associated objects, for example, in the Programs Summary (see Figure 2--16), links are provided to the individual program summary views. Similarly, arrow icons provide links to the electronic program guide (EPG) tables. Where the section is carried on a PID, a link is also provided to the PIDs view. Figure 2--16 shows an example of the summary pane with the PMT PIDs node selected in the navigation view. Figure 2-16: SI/PSI (tables) view - Programs (example) A specific departure from the Table Summary view is the EPG view that is displayed when a section of the EPG table is highlighted. For a description of the general presentation of the EPG view, see page 2--31. EPG Views

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference 2-29 Section View The detailed section view (see Figure 2--17) is available when the selected node in the service information tree represents a table or subtable in the transport stream. The subtable identity, version, and section are displayed at the top of the table pane. Figure 2-17: SI/PSI (tables) view - Section view The table pane shows all fields that make up a section (for example, PMT). The fields are arranged in a hierarchical order. The presence of subordinate fields is indicated using { } bracket symbols adjacent to the container field. The container can be expanded or collapsed by clicking the + or – icon. Below the table pane, the data source is displayed. The data pane shows the data bytes (in both hexadecimal number format and ASCII character format) for the selected table, version, and section. When a node is selected in the table pane, the bytes that make up the selected node (including the subordinate nodes) are highlighted in the hexadecimal data pane (see Figure 2--18).

2-30 MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Figure 2-18: Section payload If the section is corrupt or empty, the hexadecimal view background is red instead of blue. The view is continually updated. Updating can be paused, to allow you to examine specific details. Pause table section updating Resume table section updating

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference 2-31 SI Repetition Graphs View The section graph view will be available when the selected node in the service information tree represents a table or subtable in the transport stream. You can view graphs of the following data: � Section repetition interval. This graph displays the interval between two sections of a table on a particular PID. � Subtable intersection gap. This graph displays the interval between sections in a particular subtable. � Subtable repetition interval. This graph displays the time between receiving one complete subtable and receiving the next complete subtable. NOTE. Not all of the above graph types are relevant to all table types. Graph Management is described in more detail in Graph Management (see page 4--11). EPG Views An electronic program guide (EPG), where present, is a schedule of events, and programs, that are or will be available on each service. A short summary or commentary for each event may also be included. Events for services that are actually carried in the stream are referred to as “actual” and as “present” or as “following” (labeled as “EIT actual p/f” in the navigation view). A transport stream may also carry EPG information for other network services, referred to as “other” (labeled as “EIT other p/f” in the navigation view). NOTE. The examples shown in the figures in this section are of DVB transport streams. The construction of SI and node names in ATSC and ISDB streams differ. The EPG node in the navigation view contains and displays all of the program information carried in the transport stream. The content of the Detail view will depend on the currently highlighted EPG table node. Nodes representing an individual table or subtable will offer the usual Summary, Section, and SI Repetition graph detail views. However, the higher nodes will display the programming information graphically as shown in Figure 2--19.

2-32 MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Display time zone Display range Start time Title bar Time scale Service/Subtable panel Event panel Event detail panel Figure 2-19: EPG Summary view (tear-off view) The following screen elements are highlighted in Figure 2--19: Title Bar. Displays the title of the currently highlighted service or transport stream. DIsplayed Time Zone. Select the required time zone from the drop-down list. The time scale will change accordingly. The time zone may be derived either from the transport stream, UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), or local time (as set on the host computer). Start Time. Shows the event panel start time and date. Other dates can be selected from the drop-down calendar, and the display will scroll to the selected date. The initial date and time will be dictated by the information found in the stream. This information is updated regularly. EPG Summary View

MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference 2-33 Display Range. Shows the extent of the event panel. More detail can be displayed by choosing a shorter time period. Select the required range from the drop-down list. The adjacent zoom buttons select the next/previous range in the drop-down list. Time Scale. Shows the start and end time of the current event panel. The range is dictated by the Display field selection. Lock to Now. On the timescale, “Now” is marked. If past or present programs are being viewed, the Now marker can be off -screen. The Lock to Now button brings the Now marker into view and keeps it in view. Scrolling the timescale deactivates the Lock to Now button. Service/Subtable panel. When a transport stream EPG is selected, this panel shows the names of the services currently displayed in the event panel. The displayed services will vary depending on which node is selected in the navigation view. Event Panel. This panel shows the events for one or more services, depending on the selected node. Individual events are color-coded and shown as blocks; each block (and its associated tooltip) displays event information that is extracted from the EIT. When a block is selected, the complete event information is shown in the event detail panel, including a link to the section carrying the information. Events are color-coded as follows: � Red: Present event � Green: Following event � Blue: Schedule event � Yellow: (ISDB only) After event Event Detail Panel. Shows details of the selected event. The details are contained in the EIT (event information table).

2-34 MTM400A MPEG Transport Stream Monitor Technical Reference Figure 2-20: EPG nodes For each node type, the detail view shows the following information: EPG Node. Links to the EPG information for all the transport streams described in this stream. Transport Stream Summary Nodes. Graphical view of the events identified in the service(s) belonging to a specific transport stream. SDT (Service Description Table) Nodes. Links to services identified in the SI for a specific transport stream. Service Summary Nodes. Graphical view of the events identified in the service. EIT Nodes. Detailed view of event information for a single EIT subtable. EPG Node Summary

2-35 PIDs View The PIDs view (see Figure 2--21) displays information about all of the PIDs found in the transport stream being monitored. The tree view contains the PID tree structure representing all of the PIDs that have occurred within the transport stream. Figure 2-21: PIDs view All PIDs Node In the navigation view, PIDs are grouped under the following subordinate nodes: � Reserved PIDs � Referenced PIDs � Unreferenced PIDs � SI/PSI PIDs � User PIDs

The number of PIDs in each group is shown adjacent to the node. The root node label shows the total number of PIDs found and the Network Name. When highlighted, the All PIDs node displays in the detail pane all of the PIDs found in the analyzed stream. Each of the subordinate nodes contains PIDs belonging to that group. PIDs are allocated during monitoring, and the number of PIDs is identified for each node. You can also allocate PID numbers to the User PID node, although User PIDs may not necessarily have been found in the stream. This feature allows you to compare the properties of one or more PIDs more easily. The associated summary view provides a PID-oriented overview of the transport stream, allowing you to see the relative data rates of all of the PIDs contained within the transport stream. The information can be displayed as either a bar chart or as a pie chart. Columns in the summary views can be sorted in ascending or descending order by clicking the column header. Each PID is associated with a number of tests. If one or more tests fail, they will be listed under the relevant PID node in the navigation view. Selecting the PID node will display a summary, in the detail view, of all associated tests that have been found. Selecting a specific test in the Associated Tests pane will display the Event Log and Parameters for only that test. The Thumbnails tab displays views of the PIDs carrying video information. Three modes of thumbnail display are available: Thumbnails only, Brief Details, and Full Summary. See also page 2--5. Detail View (All PIDs and PID Group) The All PIDs and PID Group detail view provides you with a PID-oriented overview of the transport stream. This view is displayed when any of the main nodes is selected in the tree pane: All PIDs, Referenced PIDs, Unreferenced PIDs, or User PIDs. The view shows the relative data rates of all of the PIDs contained within the selected node. You can display the information in either a bar chart or a pie format. The associated test states are shown in all views. In the pie chart view, double-clicking in the pie chart area toggles the segment labels. When no labels are displayed, click and hold a segment to display a single label.

2-37 Figure 2-22: All PIDs Summary view (tear-off view) The node summary views provide PID related information, for example, PID type stream type, scrambled status and the presence of PCRs. Layer information is also shown when analyzing ISDB streams. Icons provide an indication of the PID content. Detail View (PIDs) The individual PID detail view provides you with information about the selected PID. This view will be visible when you select an individual PID node in the PID tree. Where a PID has failed a test, one or more test nodes are displayed as child nodes of the PID. The combination and detail of the views vary depending on the selected PID type and node. When a PID does not contain PCRs, the main view in the PID pane is the Associated Tests view. This view lists the tests associated with the selected PID. The status of the individual tests is indicated with LED icons. Also available are Timing Graphs, which show the bit rate of the selected PID in graphical form. Ordinary PID Selected

The Associated Tests event log shows all PID related events. If a test is selected in the PID panel, only the events associated with that test on that PID are shown. Similarly, when a test is selected, the Parameters option in the context menu shows the parameters associated with that test (when applicable). A test can be deselected by clicking the Name header in the PID panel. When the selected PID contains PCR information, the PCR timing graphs are made available (see Figure 2--23). Figure 2-23: PID detail view - timing graphs A Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) graph may also be available on PIDs carrying audio and video information. (See also Graph Management on page 4--11 and Timing Graphs on page 2--18.) PCR PID Selected

2-39 Packets View The Packets view displays SFN data when available in DVB mode, and information packets (IIPs) and TMCC data in ISDB-T mode. Figure 2--24 shows an example of the IIP view in an ISDB-T transport stream. Figure 2-24: Packets view - ISDB-T, IIP detail example

2-41 Interface View If one of the optional interface cards is installed in the MTM400A monitor, the Interface tab and button are displayed (see Figure 2--25). NOTE. Refer to Interface Card Configuration starting on page 3--35 for informa- tion about configuring the optional interface cards. Two primary nodes are displayed in the tree view: IF Error Collection and IF Warning Collection. Each collection contains a range of tests. Figure 2-25: Interface view (typical) The detail view contains two tabs: Graphs and Interface Event Log. The graphs tab includes two panels: Graphs and Readings. The graphs include instantaneous measurement graphs and trend graphs. The Readings panel displays readings derived from the interface card. An overview of the readings and graphs for each RF interface card is provided in this section.

The graphs can be selected and displayed from the drop-down menu in the graph panel of the interface detail display (see page 4--11). Setting up the RF interface cards is described starting on page 3--35. In the RF card interface Readings panel, the LEDs on the right side show the error status of the adjacent item. The LEDs on the left show the current status. The exception is the GigE interface card in which the LEDs on the left show the error status. One or more of the following trend graphs is available for display in each RF interface: Signal Lock, MER, EVM, Post Reed-Solomon BER, Input Power, Signal-to-Noise, and Carrier Offset. GigE Interface The GigE Interface tree view contains two primary nodes: IF Error Collection and IF Warnings Collection (see Figure 2--26). The secondary nodes are specific to the GigE interface. The detail views are contained under three tabs: Graphs (and Readings), Interface Event Log, and All Session Event Log. Figure 2-26: Interface view - GigE

2-43 The readings described below are displayed in the GigE Readings view (see Figure 2--27). Figure 2-27: GigE interface Readings view (tear-off view) Line Speed. (Mbps) Current negotiated line speed - 10, 100, 1000, 1000 (Optical), N/A. Total Bit Rate. (Kbps) Total bit rate on the currently selected copper/optical port including network headers. Session Count. The number of sessions present on the link. NOTE. The All Session IP/PIT/TS Error LEDs will turn red only when the related limits defined on the Information screen are exceeded. All Session IP Error (LED). Indicates the worst case Packet Error from all sessions present on the link (see Table 2--4 on page 2--47). All Session PIT Error (LED). Indicates the worst case PIT Error from all sessions present on the link (see Table 2--4, page 2--47). GigE Readings

All Session TS Error (LED). Indicates compliance checking and sync errors for all sessions present on the link. TS Lock. The LED icon is green when the signal is in sync and is being received normally. When a signal is present but no lock is achieved, the indicator is red. When no signal is found, the indicator is gray. Session Bit Rate. (Kbps) Bit rate of currently selected stream including network headers. Mean PIT. (ns) Mean packet inter-arrival time (PIT) of the currently selected stream. Maximum PIT. (ns) Maximum packet inter-arrival time (PIT) of the currently selected stream. RTP Out of Order Rate. (Packets/minute) The calculation is maintained per session on the interface card. The field displays a red background if the rate is greater than zero. This field is not applicable (gray) if protocol is set to UDP. RTP Out of Order Count. (Packets) RTP out of order packet total count (since last reset). Count is maintained per session on the interface card, so the count presented when a stream is selected is since reset or startup, not since the session was selected. The field displays a red background if the count is greater than zero. This field is not applicable (gray) if protocol is set to UDP. RTP Lost Rate. (Packets/minute) The calculation is maintained per session on the interface card. The field displays a red background if the rate is greater than zero. This field is not applicable (gray) if protocol is set to UDP. RTP Lost Count. (Packets) Total lost RTP packets since the last reset. The count is maintained per session on the interface card, so the count that is presented when a stream is selected is since reset or startup, not since the session was selected. The field displays a red background if the count is greater than zero. This field is not applicable (gray) if the protocol is set to UDP. IP Errored Rate. (Packets/minute) The calculation is maintained per session on the interface card. The field displays a red background if the rate is greater than zero.

2-45 IP Errored Count. (Packets) Total IP packet error count since the last reset. The count is maintained per session on the interface card, so the count that is presented when a stream is selected is since reset or startup, not since the session was selected. The field displays a red background if the count is greater than zero. NOTE. The TS CC Error count may not equal the count shown in the Analysis Tests view, for example TR101 290, test 1.4, Continuity. The interface card starts counting before the MTM400 processor card, and will continue to count per session, while the MTM400 monitors other sessions. TS CC Error. Total MPEG CC errors on this session since reset or startup. The field displays a red background if the count is greater than zero. Source IP. IP address of the currently monitored transport stream. Source Port. Port that is currently receiving the transport stream. Destination IP. IP address to which the transport stream is being sent. Destination Port. Port to which the transport stream is being sent. TOS. (Type of service) Type of service field of the transport stream IP packets. Datagram Size. (Bytes) Datagram size of the transport stream IP packets. VLAN Tag. (Virtual Local Area Network tag) VLAN tag displayed in hex format. This is a two byte value containing priority bit, canonical format indicator (CFI), and VLAN ID (VID).

The following graphs, which can be selected from the Interface Graph view drop-down list, are available when the GigE interface card is installed: Figure 2-28: GigE interface graphs (tear-off view) Traffic. The Traffic view (see Figure 2--29) displays all traffic, including, for example, FTP traffic and available IP sessions with rates higher than five network packets per second on the currently selected interface (copper or optical). Clicking the entries in the table will automatically adjust the controls accordingly to capture the stream. Currently selected traffic will also be highlighted in this table. You cannot select network streams that do not carry a transport stream. The individual columns are described in Table 2--4. GigE Graphs

2-47 Figure 2-29: Traffic view Table 2-4: GigE Traffic view column descriptions Column heading Description Dest MAC Session target MAC address Src IP Session source IP address Dest IP Session target IP address Src Port Session source IP port Dest Port Session target IP port VLAN Tag VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) tag; “--” where not applicable. Includes all parts of the VLAN information not just the identity. Transport RTP or UDP (Others, such as FTP, are possible if there is a sustained flow of another kind on the network). TS Yes (check mark), if sync has been detected in this session. No, if sync has not been detected in this session. IGMP Yes (check mark), if it is an IGMP session. Note that the session does not need to be locally configured as IGMP for it to be recognized as an IGMP session; the network switch is the controller in this case. TS Sync Error Yes (green), if any sync bytes or sync loss errors have been detected in the session since reset or startup. TS CC Errors MPEG CC (continuity count) error count in each session since reset or startup. Pkt Error Total count of IP corrupted, lost packets, and out of order packets in each session since reset or startup.

Table 2-4: GigE Traffic view column descriptions (Cont.) Column heading Description PIT Error Yes (green), if the PIT (packet inter-arrival time) in each session has been greater than the user defined limit at any time since reset or startup. Bit Rate (Kbps) Session bitrate (not the same as the stream bitrate, this includes IP wrappers). IGMP Sessions. This table shows the status of the current IGMP sessions: Subscribed, Unsubscribed, and Suspended. Click on an individual session to toggle between subscribed and unsubscribed when the IGMP configuration control is set to Multisession. Similarly, click on an individual session to toggle between suspended and unsubscribed when the IGMP configuration control is set to Single Session or Off. If a single IGMP session is selected, all sessions will be suspended except the one currently subscribed. Ping Result. This table displays ping results in the same format as the DOS ping program. The results include round trip time, TTL, and time-out messages. The results will be shown in this table after the Send button is clicked. Session Bit Rate. This graph displays the bit rate trend over a rolling 256 second period. The scale of the graph (in bits per second) is automatically adjusted according to the values to be displayed. Mean IP Packet Interarrival Time. This graph displays the mean interarrival time between IP packets over a rolling 256 second period. The scale of the graph is automatically adjusted according to the values to be displayed. Maximum IP Packet Interarrival Time. This graph displays the maximum interarri- val time between IP packets over a rolling 256 second period. The scale of the graph is automatically adjusted according to the values to be displayed. Minimum IP Packet Interarrival Time. This graph displays the minimum interarrival time between IP packets over a rolling 256 second period. The scale of the graph is automatically adjusted according to the values to be displayed. The following trend graphs are available: Signal Lock, Corrupt Packet Rate, Dropped Packet Rate, Packet Inter-Arrival Time (Peak and Average), and Out-of-Order Packet Rate. GigE Trend Graphs

2-49 The following notes are included to assist with the setup and operation of the GigE interface card. The interface setup can be accessed by clicking the Interface button in the toolbar. � Before connecting to the network under test, enter a valid Input Card IP address on the interface configuration dialog box, otherwise any router or switch that is connected may add an invalid IP address to its own ARP table (which may have a long time-out). � If the Input Card IP is 0.0.0.0, you cannot be active on the network. Similarly, if the Input Card MAC is 08--00--11--0A--0B--0C, you cannot be active on the network. In the latter case, the GigE card may have been incorrectly configured. � A MAC address is allocated to the GigE interface card during manufacture. If required, you can change it using the interface configuration dialog box. � The MAC and IP addresses of the GigE interface card must be configured before any of the other GigE interface settings. � The ARP option must be enabled (On) when you are trying to send or receive pings on the network or when you are acting as an end point for unicast traffic. � IGMP Joins are not sent in the passive optical rx mode. � Pings cannot be sent in the passive optical rx mode. � An SFP (Small Format Pluggable) module is used to facilitate the Ethernet Optical interconnection feature. The GigE interface card has been tested with SFP module(s) ordered from Tektronix. SFP modules purchased from a supplier other than Tektronix are not warranted to work. � Only optical SFPs are supported; copper SFPs are not supported. � Only full duplex operation is supported by the GigE interface card. � Traffic flows are displayed in the Traffic screen only if they have a total packet rate of > 5 network packets per second. � The Traffic screen will show all traffic, for example, FTP. For non-transport streams, the MTM400A will perform IP level tests only. � Only transport streams can be selected for monitoring; transport streams are indicated by a check mark in the TS column. GigE Operation

COFDM Interface COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The following LED indicators are available on the Readings panel: Overall RF Lock. All the lock indicators are showing “in lock”, and the signal is being received normally. TPS Lock. Transmission Parameter Lock, showing true if the ruggedly modulated TPS is being received. AGC Lock. Automatic Gain Control lock, showing the received signal is within AGC control range. SYR Lock. Symbol Recovery Lock, showing that the FFT symbol recovery system is in lock, allowing constellation data to be extracted. FEC Lock. Showing the Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction system is in lock, and applying error correction to the received data. The following graphs are available on the Graphs panel: RF Constellation (all data carriers). When the receiver is in RF lock, the constella- tion points are displayed. According to ETR290, only the data pilots are used for MER and EVM calculation. The samples collected are not real time, so there is some dwell (delay) before a complete constellation is displayed. The persistence of the display can be varied using the Persist slider control at the bottom of the graph. MER and EVM calculations are performed on the constellation data according to the formulae given in ETR290-101. This calculation specifically excludes the TPS carriers. Overall SNR (all continuous pilots). A time line graph of measured Signal to Noise Ratio is displayed, over the preceding 255 seconds. Overall SNR (all continuous pilots). A time line graph of measured Modulation Error Ratio is displayed, over the preceding 255 seconds. Readings Graphs

2-51 Linear Amplitude response (selected carriers). A linear amplitude response is shown for the carriers selected using the carrier START and STOP controls. Allows you to view and zoom in on frequency dependent amplitude distortions. Impulse Response A channel response graph is shown, allowing time related distortions, particularly echoes, to be displayed relative to the main signal. Echoes occurring before and after the main signal are displayed. The graph is derived from the linear amplitude response, transformed into the time domain. The card settings can be used to extend the time range of the impulse graph. Note that the impulse graphs are indicative only; amplitudes farther away from the 0 dB peak tend to be reported low. 8PSK Interface PSK (Phase shift keying). The following LED indicators are available on the Readings panel: RF Lock. Indicates when the RF receiver sections are in lock and receiving normally. FEC Lock. Indicates when the Forward Error correction ( DVB or turbo coded) is in lock and the data is being processed to give Transport Streams. The constellation display is a representation of the digitally modulated carrier’s instantaneous phase and amplitude for each transmitted symbol. A good constellation will have well-defined dot clusters in tight formations; each cluster should be centered in a grid overlay square. The overall shape of the dot clusters should form a square as represented by the outer edges of the grid. The Persistence setting in the graph context menu sets the time in seconds that the dots persist on the graph. Readings Graphs

QPSK (L-Band) Interface The following LED indicators are available on the Readings panel. Lock If the interface is able to acquire full lock onto the channel and is receiving the signal correctly, the Lock indicator will light up green. Red indicates that lock cannot be achieved. Gray indicates that a signal is not present. MER (dB). (Modulation Error Ratio) Provides a single “figure of merit” for received signal. It is the ratio of “ideal signal vectors” to “errored signal vectors” expressed in dB. MER is similar to a signal to noise measurement (ref: TR 101 290). EVM (%). (Error Vector Magnitude) Closely related to, and can normally be calculated from, MER. It is a ratio of “errored signal vectors” to maximum signal amplitude expressed as a percentage (ref: TR 101 290 Annex). BER. (Bit Error Rate) Provides an indication of the Forward Error Correction workload. TEFs. (Transport Error Flag or TEI transport error indicator) Indicates the Forward Error Correction failure. The constellation display is a representation of the digitally modulated carrier’s instantaneous phase and amplitude for each transmitted symbol. A good constellation will have well-defined dot clusters in tight formations; each cluster should be centered in a grid overlay square. The overall shape of the dot clusters should form a square as represented by the outer edges of the grid. The Persistence setting in the graph context menu sets the time in seconds that the dots persist on the graph. QAM (Annex A and Annex C) Interface See QPSK (L-band) Interface Readings, page 2--52. See QPSK (L-band) Interface Graphs, page 2--52. Readings Graphs Readings Graphs

2-53 QAM (Annex B II) Interface The following LED indicators are available on the Readings panel. Tuner Frequency. The center frequency of the received channel. FEC Lock. Forward Error Correction Lock, which displays the status of the deinterleaver and Reed Solomon decoder. RF Lock. If full lock onto the channel is acquired and it is receiving the signal correctly, the LED will light up green. When a signal is present but no lock is achieved, the indicator is red. When no signal is found, the indicator is gray. The following graphs are available on the Graphs panel. RF Constellation. I and Q data are collected from the QAM front end and displayed as a conventional constellation of 256 points by 256 points. The samples collected are not real time, so there is some dwell (delay) before a complete constellation is displayed. The persistence of the display can be varied using the Persistence option in the tools drop-down menu in the top right corner of the graph panel. MER and EVM calculations are performed on the constellation data according to the formulas given in ETR290-101. SNR after equalizer. This graph represents the signal-to-noise ratio over time, typically over 256 seconds. It is useful for examining signal-to-noise trends; for example, if an alarm condition has been breached, the graph can be used to examine trends in the signal-to-noise performance before the alarm occurred. NOTE. The Equalizer graph amplitude values are approximate. Equalizer. This graph shows the status of the equalizer taps, and gives an estimate of the channel state. If there are echoes or other time related distortions on the signal, the Equalizer display will display the amplitude of the corresponding tap correction values versus time. MER. This graph gives a time record of MER over the last 255 seconds. Readings Graphs

8VSB Interface VSB (Vestigial sideband) The following LED indicators are available on the Readings panel: Tuner Frequency. The center frequency of the received channel. RF Lock. This indicates that all decoding systems are in lock and the signal is being decoded normally. The following graphs are available on the Graphs panel. Symbol Distribution. This graph shows the samples received over time in a falling vertical line display. In a noise free system, all samples would fall on one of the eight vertical lines. However, in normal systems the samples will be displayed distributed around the vertical lines. At the bottom of the graph display, the sample values are accumulated into a distribution histogram. The histogram can be displayed in a linear or logarithmic format. Signal to Noise (SNR) (after equalizer). The SNR values are plotted in a pen-trace style, giving a brief history of the collected values. Equivalent MER. An MER (Modulation Error Ratio) calculation is performed on the in-phase (I) data samples. The quadrature data samples are ignored in this calculation. Equalizer. The equalizer coefficients are plotted across the graph display. The display illustrates the presence of multi-path echoes by indicating how the equalizer is adjusting to cancel them out. NOTE. The Equalizer graph amplitude values are approximate. Readings Graphs

3-1 Stream Configuration Configuration of the MTM400A monitor and the RUI are collected together in the Configuration dialog box, which can be accessed using the Configuration button on the toolbar (see Figure 3--1). The left panel contains a tree view of the available configuration items under the primary nodes: Stream, Device, and Preferences. Individual nodes are described in the remainder of this section. When changes are made to the settings in individual nodes, the node name in the tree view is italicized and an edited indicator (*) is added to the name. The name and the indicator are reset when the change is applied and accepted. The Stream configuration page can be accessed using Configuration (toolbar) > Stream. The Stream section of the configuration dialog box includes the following pages: Recording Settings, Test Parameters, PCR Filters, Slot Management, and Schedule Management. Each page can be accessed by selecting the relevant node in the tree view. Figure 3-1: Configuration dialog box

Stream Global Settings Select Stream in the tree view to access the Stream configuration global settings (see Figure 3--2). Figure 3-2: Stream global settings configuration page The stream name identifies the stream in the MTM400A monitor; the name must be 128 characters or less in length. The name is used in the RUI title bar and the Button bar. Enable Thumbnails. Enables thumbnail generation for viewing in the RUI. Thumbnail support must be installed on the RUI client PC if the MTM400A RUI is to be used to view thumbnails. Instructions for installing the thumbnail support are included in the MTM400A Quick Start User Manual (Tektronix part number 071-2492-xx). Template Checking. When enabled, applies the current template to the stream. Stream Name Miscellaneous Settings

3-3 Maintenance Mode. When enabled, no alarms (TTL, relays or audible) will be raised for the stream. The RTM device will continue to monitor the stream and errors will be logged. The action of enabling and disabling maintenance mode is also recorded in the log. In this mode, all buttons are colored black. Reset Stream. Returns the MTM400A monitor tests to the initial state upon acquiring a stream; all tests are reset and all SI information is flushed. This is useful if you make a seamless switch between nearly identical streams. If there is no change in the SI identity and/or versions to inform the MTM400A monitor that it is a new stream, you can reset the stream manually here. Factory Default. Resets all configuration items, including interface card settings, to their factory defaults. Reset SI Throttle. Resets the SI table processing throttle. The status of this throttle is shown graphically on the RUI status bar. Reset Actions

Recording Settings To examine offline events that occur in a stream, recordings can be made whose start is triggered by an event, manually, an external TTL input, or by an alarm. The recording is held in RAM and can be downloaded from the MTM400A monitor to the client PC for storage and further analysis. The file is stored as a valid MPEG file; however extra information is encoded in the file to allow Tektronix MPEG analysis products to reconstruct the real-time timing artifacts present at the time of recording. The Recording Settings configuration page (see Figure 3--3) can be accessed using Configuration (toolbar) > Stream > Recording Settings. Figure 3-3: Recording Settings configuration page

3-5 The recording buffer is the amount of memory available to store recordings. Available Memory. The memory available for recording. Available Packets. The maximum number of packets that can be recorded in the available memory. Buffer Size. You can set the number of packets that are to be recorded. Pre Trigger. You can set the percentage of a stream that will be recorded before a trigger event. A percentage of a stream can be recorded before a trigger event as specified by the pretrigger setting. The start of recording is dependent upon the selected trigger type. However, the stream is being recorded in memory at all times; the available memory is used as a circular buffer, in that it is filled and written over continuously until a trigger event occurs. NOTE. A circular buffer is an area of memory that stores a continuous stream of data by starting again at the beginning of the buffer after reaching the end. As soon as the trigger event occurs, recording will begin. Recording continues until the memory buffer is full. The recording will remain in memory until it is manually cleared, typically after it is uploaded to a client PC. The pretrigger set up can be changed only when no recording activity is in progress. The pretrigger setting allows the proportion of data saved before a trigger event to be specified as a percentage of the final recorded file. Set the percentage by dragging the Pre Trigger slider. The proportion of pretrigger data might be less than specified if the trigger event occurred before enough packets were recorded in the circular buffer (particularly after clearing the buffer). For example, if the available memory will hold a 20 second recording, with 25% pretrigger specified and an event-triggered recording starting five seconds or more into the run, the contents of the recorded file will be as illustrated in Figure 3--4. Recording Buffer Settings Pretrigger Recordings

Run 10 20 30 Trigger time in seconds 0 25% 75% File Figure 3-4: 25% pretrigger example If the Trigger event was detected earlier than five seconds into the run, the 20 second file will contain all of the data up to the trigger. If recording was triggered at three seconds only the first 15% of the file would hold pretrigger data. The file contents would be as illustrated in Figure 3--5. Run 10 20 30 Trigger time in seconds 0 15% 85% File Figure 3-5: 15% pretrigger example

3-7 The event that triggers a recording can be one of four types: Manual. You can start the recording at any time by clicking Record. External Rising Edge / External Falling Edge. The trigger is set when Arm is selected. Recording will start when a rising / falling edge is detected at the TTL input on the TS Processor alarms connector. See the MTM400A Specifications and Performance Verification Technical Reference for a listing of the product specifications. Test Failure. Tests can be associated with record trigger actions, see page 2--23 and Figure 3--6. When a test with an associated record trigger action fails and Arm has been selected, recording starts. Figure 3-6: Record trigger set - example Trigger Types

The Recording Status area of the Recording Settings page is used to set up and control the recording status. Arm / Record. Arm the trigger (and wait for trigger event to occur) or start a manual recording. Arm starts recording in the pretrigger buffer, so that when the recording trigger is activated the pretrigger conditions are met. Trigger State shows the current state of the trigger: Idle, Waiting for trigger. Trigger Time. Displays the time that the trigger event occurred. You can select the time zone in which trigger times are presented from the drop-down list: � Local. The time local to the PC on which the MTM400A monitor RUI is currently running. � UTC. Coordinated Universal Time. � Remote Time. The time local to the device being monitored. Packets Recorded. Displays the number of packets recorded and the amount of memory used. Download. Enter the location to which the recorded stream is to be saved. Clear. Clears the current recording. Background recording (for the pretrigger) will start again immediately. Stop. Use this button to disarm the previously armed trigger or to stop the current recording. Any recording made up to the point when the button is pressed will be available for analysis. The recording controls are also available in the toolbar: Triggered Recording Operation

3-9 Test Parameters Many tests are associated with parameters recommended by the DTV standard (DVB, ATSC, ISDB) being applied to the stream. The parameters can be adjusted to suit local conditions (although the test result may then not conform to the standard). The Test Parameters configuration page (see Figure 3--7) can be accessed using Configuration (toolbar) > Stream > Test Parameters. Figure 3-7: Test Parameters configuration page Only administrators can set parameters, enable and disable tests, and set alarms. On the Test Parameters page, the tests are grouped together as stream parameters, interface parameters and default PID group parameters. You can search for a parameter by entering all or part of its name in the search box. Clear the search box to redisplay all of the parameters. Each parameter lists the measurement units, the maximum and minimum values, and the nominal value recommended by the selected DTV standard. To change a value, place the cursor in the Value field, make the change and click Apply. To reset all parameters to their nominal values, click Set All to Nominal. Network traffic will dictate how quickly changes are implemented by the instrument.

You can access parameters associated with individual tests by selecting Edit Parameters from the context menu of a test. Not all tests have parameters that can be edited. All of the test parameters are described in the MTM400A Test Parameter and Configuration File Technical Reference (Tektronix part number 071-2497-xx), which can be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com). PCR Filters The PCR measurements performed by the instrument are defined by TR 101 290. Appendix I of TR 101 290 describes the measurements in detail and introduces the concept of the “demarcation frequency” at which PCR errors are separated into drift errors or jitter errors. Errors below the demarcation frequency are measured as drift, while errors above that frequency are measured as jitter. TR 101 290 also defines three standard demarcation frequencies, MGF1 (10 mHz), MGF2 (100 mHz), and MGF3 (1000 mHz), at which the PCR measurements can be made, and provides for a user-definable demarcation frequency, MGF4. The PCR Filters page (see Figure 3--8) can be accessed using Configuration (toolbar) > Stream > PCR Filters. Figure 3-8: PCR Filters configuration page

3-11 Any PCR error below the low-pass filter cutoff frequency will be measured as drift; any error above the high-pass filter cutoff will be measured as jitter. The filters can be set to any of the standard MGF profiles, or a user desired cut-off frequency, by selecting MGF4 and entering a value between 1 mHz and 10000 mHz (10 Hz). Alternatively, these filter values can be changed in the Test Parameters page. Search for “PCR_” to find the high- and low-pass filter parameters. Figure 3-9: PCR Filter parameters The TR 101 290 drift limit of ±75 mHz/s is only defined at a demarcation frequency of 10 mHz. As the low-pass filter frequency is increased above that value, more of the PCR jitter will be measured as drift, and so the measured drift values will increase. If you are attempting to check that your source PCR clock is compliant with the TR 101 290 limits, the low-pass filter cut-off frequency should be set to 10 mHz. Settling Time. All of the PCR measurements that depend on demarcation filters have a settling time (see Table 3--1). The measurements will not return valid values before this time elapses. The settling time is indicated on the PCR graphs. This settling time is inversely proportional to the cut-off frequency of the demarcation filter. This means that there is a trade-off between reducing the filter frequency to improve drift measurement accuracy and increasing the time it takes to obtain any drift measurements at all. For more information about PCR measurements, read the PCR Measurements Primer, available on the Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com).

Table 3-1: PCR settling times Filter cut-off Settling time TR101-290 profile Comments 10 mHz 500 s MGF1 TSCA default for PCR_FO/DR low-pass filter cut-off; drift limit of ±75 mHz/s is only applicable at this level 100 mHz 50 s MGF2 TSCA default for PCR_OJ/AC high- pass filter cut-off. 1000 mHz (1 Hz) 5 s MGF3 - 1 mHz -- 10,000 mHz 5000 s – 0.5 s MGF4 User-defined profile Slot Management Configuration files provide a means of supplying and storing all stream-related, user-definable parameters that are active in an RTM device. Configuration files may be complete, containing all parameters, or partial, containing only those parameters that require changing. The files are composed in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format and can contain sections relating to all aspects of configuration; template information can also be included. The files can be viewed in Internet Explorer or they can be viewed and edited in a text editor, for example, Microsoft Notepad. For more information, see the MTM400A Test Parameter and Configuration File Technical Reference (Tektronix part number 071-2497-xx), which can be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com). The configuration slot management page (see Figure 3--10) can be accessed using Configuration (toolbar) > Stream > Slot Management. The concept of configuration files allows uniformity in setup to be achieved at a range of locations (RTM devices), especially where scheduling is supported. An additional facility allows weekly schedules to be written for each stream, which instructs the MTM400A to load configuration slots at specific times and days during the week (see Schedule Management on page 3--16). In the MTM400A monitor, configuration settings are held in storage slots (see Figure 3--11); eight storage slots are available for each stream. The contents of a storage slot must be applied to the active area (active configuration) before it is implemented.