Devolo dLAN 200 AVpro Project Manual

i © 2009 devolo AG, Aachen (Germany) This document is copyright-protected. Its contents are confidential. No part of the documentation may be copied in any form, neither electronically nor mechanically, for any purpose, except for the sole purpose of a project evaluation and only with explicit written authorisation by devolo. devolo reserves the right to modify any details in this document without notification. devolo cannot be held liable for technical inaccuracies and/or omissions. devolo cannot be held liable for the correctness and/or completeness of the information in this project manual and for any consequences resulting from the use of this document. Trademarks dLAN® ,devolo and the devolo logo are registered trademarks of devolo AG. HomePlug® is a registered trademark of HomePlug Power Alliance. Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Mac® is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp. All other names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Revision 10.1 (1 July 2009) 10.2 (11 September 2009)

ii Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 2 Important basics ........................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Attenuation ....................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Frequencies.....................................................................................................................................2 3 Antenna networks ........................................................................................................ 4 3.1 Network topologies.........................................................................................................................4 3.2 Network types.................................................................................................................................5 3.3 Installed components ......................................................................................................................8 3.3.1 Antenna outlets (wall)............................................................................................................9 3.3.2 Splitter/Tap..........................................................................................................................10 3.4 Back-channel compatibility, a DOCSIS technology term..................................................................11 3.5 The deployment of devolo dLAN technology in antenna networks ..................................................12 3.5.1 Coupling the Ethernet signal to the antenna cable................................................................13 3.5.2 Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket...............................................................14 3.5.3 Bypassing amplifiers (passive bypass) ...................................................................................15 3.5.4 Bypassing amplifiers (active bypass)......................................................................................16 3.5.5 Bypassing amplifiers (passive return path on the amplifier)....................................................17 3.5.6 Using filters (high pass)........................................................................................................17 3.5.7 Logical segmentation ...........................................................................................................18 4 Two-wire lines ............................................................................................................ 20 4.1 Twisted or untwisted pair, wire pair...............................................................................................20 4.2 Point-to-point on telephone lines (available wire pair)....................................................................20 4.3 Point-to-point over telephone lines (occupied wire pair).................................................................20 4.4 Point-to-multipoint on telephone lines (with telephone operation)..................................................21 4.5 BNC networks, 10Base2 networks.................................................................................................22 5 Power lines ................................................................................................................. 23 5.1 Power supply systems in single-family homes.................................................................................23 5.2 Power supply systems in multiple dwelling units (centralised meter arrangement)...........................24 5.3 Power supply systems in multiple dwelling units (decentralised meter arrangement) .......................26 5.4 Power supply systems in large buildings.........................................................................................26 5.5 Repeater circuits in power supply systems......................................................................................28 5.6 Segment insulation with EMI filters for repeater circuits .................................................................30 5.7 Phase coupling and residual current devices...................................................................................30 5.8 Sources of interference and remedies on the power line.................................................................31 5.9 Sinks and remedies on the power line............................................................................................32 6 Projects ....................................................................................................................... 33

iii 6.1 Preparation...................................................................................................................................33 6.1.1 Questioning .........................................................................................................................33 6.1.2 Survey site ...........................................................................................................................35 6.1.3 Detailed planning, calculating the cost estimate....................................................................40 6.2 Implementation.............................................................................................................................42 6.2.1 Preparing for the rollout.......................................................................................................42 6.2.2 Performing the rollout..........................................................................................................43 6.3 Operation .....................................................................................................................................43 6.3.1 Management .......................................................................................................................43 6.3.2 Maintenance and support ....................................................................................................44 7 Useful software........................................................................................................... 45 7.1 Iperf..............................................................................................................................................45 7.1.1 Application ..........................................................................................................................45 7.1.2 TCP or UDP..........................................................................................................................45 7.1.3 Setting up the server ............................................................................................................46 7.1.4 Setting up the client.............................................................................................................47 7.2 VLC ..............................................................................................................................................48 7.2.1 Application ..........................................................................................................................48 7.2.2 Streaming server/client.........................................................................................................49 7.2.3 Setting up the streaming server ............................................................................................49 7.2.4 Setting up the streaming client.............................................................................................51 8 Annex.......................................................................................................................... 53 8.1 Sources for purchasing accessories ................................................................................................53

1 1 Introduction This project manual aims to support you during the planning and installation of devolo dLAN 200 AVpro products in projects on the basis of networks using coax- line, twisted pair, or PowerLine connections. It addresses system integrators (e.g. certified devolo partners, and other trained experts) that not only know the devolo products, but also have skills in networking technology as well as in antenna networks, electrical installations, and telephone networks. The projects described in this manual have an average size of 20 endpoints. Please keep in mind that even projects with only 5 endpoints can require quite complex implementations. As a general rule, you can expect that projects with 20 endpoints always require a careful preparation to avoid unpleasant surprises or time- consuming reworks. However, the recommendations in this project manual are in principle also applicable for projects consisting of hundreds of endpoints. This manual should provide ideas for the organization and preparation of projects. However, it makes no claim to completely or extensively describe all potential options or alternatives for an implementation. According to experience, there are usually different ways and methods to successfully realize a project. This project manual aims to protect first-time users from typical errors, and, at the same time, significantly reduce the learning curve for new projects. For clarity reasons, we intentionally refrain from describing the functionality and the technology of the equipment used for the implementation of the different projects. If necessary, please consult the product’s documentation. Please note that the figures in this manual show schematic views. Depending on the producer of the different accessories (above all of diplex filters), the type and, thus, the wiring can differ. The schematic views of the diplex filters in this manual follow the products by Comega. You can find a list of specific suppliers and circuit layouts on our website under http://www.devolo.com/business/accessories-referencelist.html. Without a doubt, the diversity of the different project scenarios, together with the technical progress, will continue to pose a challenge for you and us. We will be happy to resolve all potential problems together with you. Thus, it is very important to us that we hear from your experiences and ideas, resulting from your project implementations, using devolo products. Please send us your feedback under [email protected]. You help us continuously improving our products, so that we can better support you with your project realization. Thank you!

2 2 Important basics 2.1 Attenuation Coax networks, respectively signals that are transmitted via coax, experience an attenuation effect, measured in dB (decibels). Each component and module on a coax network has a specific amount of attenuation. If several components (splitters, sockets, etc.) are installed in line, you can simply add the different attenuation values. Coax networks for TV transmission usually have an attenuation budget of 42 dB behind the amplifier for the antenna signal. Thus, in practice all components behind the antenna amplifier may only have a combined attenuation of 42 dB. Typically, a well-implemented installation will never fully use the available attenuation budget. An exceeded attenuation budget usually results in interferences in your TV picture. devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapters provide an attenuation budget for the dLAN signal of more than 60 dB. Thus, a dLAN data signal fed in behind the amplifier will still be available at full capacity at the farthest socket. In terms of the cable length, you will be able to bridge distances of up to 750 meters without loss using a dLAN signal on a coax line. 2.2 Frequencies Unlike antenna signals that are transmitted from sender to receiver in one direction only (unidirectionally), the dLAN data transmission is bidirectional. The following frequencies are used: devolo dLAN AVpro adapters use a frequency range between 2 MHz and 30 MHz. Usually, this band will not be overlapped by antenna signals that use frequencies of 85 MHz and up. It is rarely possible that frequencies over 47 MHz are used to transmit antenna signals (the so-called band 1). "Traditional" analogue TV signals are transmitted in a range up to 862 MHz. Above and until 2400 MHz you can find the signals of the digital satellite television. The frequency band between 5 and 65 MHz (in Germany, other countries, like the USA, use 50 MHz) is called feedback channel, because data is sent from the endpoint to the provider, if DOCSIS cable modems are used. If the sub range between 5 and 30 MHz is not used by other signals, it can be used to transmit data using devolo dLAN adapters. In rare and special applications (e.g. in pay-TV or minibar systems in hotels) control signals are transmitted in the frequency range between 5 and 30 Mhz. If the feedback channel is reserved for a signal (e.g. by a pay-TV system) a coexistence of both services is usually still possible. For that purpose, the specific frequencies have

3 to be notched out from the dLAN communication by configuration with the dLAN AVpro manager. Fig. 2-1: The devolo dLAN frequency range For residential installations, these kinds of special installations are normally not used. However, always clarify first, if a DOCSIS signal is decoupled on network layer 4 (area between the house transfer point and the line terminator (wall socket)) in the appropriate segments. If the frequency range between 5 and 30 MHz is free from any signals, a dLAN network can be implemented.

4 3 Antenna networks Antenna or coax networks are typically organized in one of the following structures:  Star structure  Tree structure, or  Combinations of the two above mentioned structures. In Germany, the tree structure is by far the most popular network type, as it is easy to install and requires the least amount of cable. Please note that the figures in this manual show schematic views. Depending on the producer of the different accessories (above all of diplex filters), the type and, thus, the wiring can differ. The schematic views of the diplex filters in this manual follow the products by Comega. You can find a list of specific suppliers and circuit layouts on our website under http://www.devolo.com/business/accessories-referencelist.html. 3.1 Network topologies In a tree structure, you can usually find network branches with each 4 to 10 antenna sockets, distributing the TV signal to the different viewers. For the purpose of an efficient supply by dLAN adapters, these branches can be combined to larger segments. Here, multiple branches are fed by one dLAN adapter as the so-called master. Fig. 3-1: The tree structure Star structures are typically used in networks designed for satellite reception. You should always feed in the dLAN data signals via the terrestrial input of the multiswitch. Please note that this input has to be back channel compatible, so that the data can be sent back from the receiver to the transmitter (see also section 2.2 in this project manual).

5 Fig. 3-2: The star structure Floor star distributions can often be found in hotels: a single line connects one floor. From there it is split up into the different rooms. Fig. 3-3: The floor star 3.2 Network types BC tree networks (broadband communication) are often used for the distribution of TV programs in metropolitan areas of Germany. Typically, the TV signals are routed from a cable network provider via network level 3 to the in-premises of a house, where they are amplified. Afterwards, they are fed into network layer 4 and distributed to the different antenna sockets via a tree structure. However, there are also BC networks that were designed or modified as a star structure. Please note that you can use the dLAN technology on both network types (tree or star).

6 Fig. 3-4: A BC tree network Satellite multiswitch systems star networks, represent the standard method of installation for satellite systems with multiple endpoints (2 to 50 as a rule), which are frequently encountered in rural areas. The signals are routed from a multiswitch to each terminal device (e.g. satellite receiver) via dedicated lines in star-shaped distribution. Frequently, an Ethernet connection can be coupled to a dLAN over what is referred to as terrestrial input. You need to make sure that the terrestrial input is passive, and equipped for transmitting a 5 MHz to 65 MHz frequency band. The multiswitch system can possibly be switched over or retrofitted. As an alternative, each of the subscribers can be coupled to a device pair (master/slave) behind the multiswitch.

7 Fig. 3-5: A sat multiswitch star network Sat head-end tree networks are similar to broad communication network: certain stations broadcast by satellites are converted on one channel in the broadband communications network. The number of channels here is limited by the frequency band available. Due to the high bandwidth required by each channel, converting all signals broadcast via satellite is not possible. Frequently, these systems are deployed where the a number of endpoints is > 100 (typically, from 300 to several thousand). As a rule, these types of installations are found in hotels.

8 Fig. 3-6: A sat head-end tree network 3.3 Installed components When planning a project, it is important to have exact information on the installed components. As a rule, detailed product sheets or specifications (on attenuation) are available on the components in coaxial networks. Use of this information to the best effect! dLAN technology is largely compatible with all existing components installed. As a result, is it only necessary to replace individual passive components in an antenna system at network level 4 in very rare cases. Even obsolete components and cheap cables with poor shielding can usually be reused. The list below is designed to provide you with an overview of the components you will typically encounter and their suitability:

9 3.3.1 Antenna outlets (wall) 1) Antenna outlet as pass-through outlet (two connections) Technical data: Designation 1: pass-through attenuation 11 dB to 20 dB Designation 2: pass-through attenuation 1.5 dB to 3 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB a) Option: broadband 5 MHz to 862 MHz: television 5 MHz to 862 MHz: radio  This option is suitable. b) Option: selective 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz: VHF radio 118 MHz to 862 MHz: television  This option is unsuitable! 2) Antenna outlet (two connections) Technical data: Designation 1: pass-through attenuation approx. 4 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB a) Option: broadband 5 MHz to 862 MHz: television 5 MHz to 862 MHz: radio  This option is suitable. Option: selective (is rarely installed) 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz: VHF radio 118 MHz to 862 MHz: television  This option is unsuitable! 3) Modem antenna outlet as pass-through outlet (two connections) Technical data: Designation 1: pass-through attenuation 11 dB to 20 dB Designation 2: Pass-through attenuation 1.5 dB to 3 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB a) Option: broadband 5 MHz to 65 MHz (= modem): devolo dLAN 200 AVpro

10 5 MHz to 862 MHz: television 5 MHz to 862 MHz: radio  This option is suitable. b) Option: selective 5 MHz to 65 MHz (= modem): devolo dLAN 200 AVpro 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz: VHF radio 118 MHz to 862 MHz: television  This option is suitable. 4) Modem antenna outlet (three connections) Technical data: Designation 1: pass-through attenuation approx. 4 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB a) Option: broadband 5 MHz to 65 MHz (= modem): connecting dLAN products 5 MHz to 862 MHz: television 5 MHz to 862 MHz: radio  This option is suitable. b) Option: selective 5 MHz to 65 MHz (= modem): connecting dLAN products 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz: VHF radio 118 MHz to 862 MHz: television  This option is suitable. 3.3.2 Splitter/Tap 1) The 2x splitter Technical data: Designation 1: pass-through Designation 2: decoupling Pass-through attenuation: 3,5 dB Decoupling attenuation: > 22 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB  This option is suitable.

11 Only use the splitter in the pass-through direction, from input to output (1), and not between outputs, since very high attenuation (> 22 dB) exists between the outputs (2). 2) 2x tap Designation 1: branch Designation 2: pass-through Designation 3: decoupling Branch attenuation: 10 dB to 20 dB pass-through: 1 dB to 3 dB decoupling: 30 dB to 50 dB Shielding requirements: > 80 dB  This option is suitable. Only use the tap in the pass-through direction, from input to output (1, 2), and not between outputs (3), since very high attenuation (> 30 dB) exists between the outputs. 3.4 Back-channel compatibility, a DOCSIS technology term The 5 MHz and 65 MHz frequency band in Germany (in other countries such as the USA, 50 MHz) is frequently referred to as the "back channel," since it is used in DOCSIS cable modem technology to transport the data from the endpoint back to the provider (i.e. back = back channel). To deploy DOCSIS technology, antenna networks are frequently converted at great expense to make them back channel- compatible. This not only means that tree structures need to be converted into star structures for DOCSIS operation, but that multimedia socket outlets also have to be used all the time. All this expense, which, in some cases, costs between 200 and 300 Euros per housing unit [HU], is unnecessary when you deploy dLAN technology. Neither converting to a star structure, nor multimedia socket outlets, are necessary for deploying devolo dLAN technology. Nevertheless, its existence has no negative effect on the sue of dLAN technology. Antenna amplifiers represent a special case if the sections to be supplied are even fitted with them. If they are, you also have the option of bypassing them (see section 3.5.4). Reference is frequently made to noise factors in this relation, and is often referred to collectively as ingress. Ingress refers to electromagnetic interference caused in coaxial by transmitters, household appliances, switched-mode power supply units etc. Interference mainly occurs when the cable or its screening is damaged, plug-in connections are faulty (or poorly screened), or the shielding requirement on the cable is too low. In contrast to DOCSIS-based solutions, dLAN-Technology is highly resilient to ingress.

12 3.5 The deployment of devolo dLAN technology in antenna networks devolo dLAN 200 AVpro technology transports data in 2 to 30 MHz frequency band. TV or radio signals are not normally allocated to this frequency band in the antenna network, and it can therefore be used for data traffic. You need to take account of the fact that the signals are bidirectional here, whereas TV and radio signals only move in one direction (downstream). The network topology employed usually takes the form of a tree structure, and in rarer cases, a star structure. Several endpoints (apartments, rooms etc.) are fitted to each cable leg in a tree structure. Usually each cable leg has between 8 and 10 endpoints, otherwise the attenuation on the cable leg is too high. Fig. 3-7: Typical tree structure configuration in an antenna network Per endpoint, one devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapter transmits the signals from the antenna cable to the LAN. The data format complies with the Ethernet standard. A devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapter configured as a master converts the signals to Ethernet at the base of each cable leg, and communicates with the Internet via a switch (router, etc.). The individual segments are insulated against one other with high-pass filters (see Section 3.5.7).

13 3.5.1 Coupling the Ethernet signal to the antenna cable The illustration filter below shows an example of coupling the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro signals onto the antenna cable on the main distribution (Master). This can be achieved with a diplex filter (reverse path combiner). On the one hand, the high-pass filter prevents signals radiating in the direction of the cable network operator, and, on the other, it prevents neighbouring segments from "seeing" one another, and hence sharing the bandwidth. using such as the filter ensures that each segment can use the entire bandwidth. In the apartment or rooms (endpoint), the adapter is usually connected via the radio or antenna socket (see Fig. 3.11 and Section 3.3.2). Fig. 3-8: Coupling the signals in-premises with a diplex filter Fig. 3-9: Antenna system before connecting the adaptor over the antenna outlets

14 Fig. 3-10: Antenna system after connecting the adaptor over the antenna outlets If the antenna distribution is connected to the local cable network, use a high-pass filter at all times! Warning! The low-pass filter supplied in delivery (standard accessory: Part No. 69723) should to be connected to the output on the dLAN unit at all times to filter out ripples and hence prevent interference in the frequency range for radio and TV. 3.5.2 Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket You can tap the endpoints on the antenna socket outlet's radio output, if equipped with one. This ouput is usually not allocated and the radio signal is less sensitive to attenuation. If already allocated or not fitted to the antenna socket, you need to use an additional T-piece, which causes additional attenuation of some 3.5 dB. If multimedia sockets (socket outlets with 2 outputs for TV and radio, and an additional F-connector output for data) are to be installed onsite, attach the endpoint to the said data output. If no bandwidth or only a very small symmetrical bandwidth is displayed, antenna sockets equipped with frequency converters with a frequency range above 47 MHz may be installed, whereas attenuation takes place below this at 20 - 30 dB. cf. Section 3.3.1). In each of these cases, we urgently recommend finding out the exact component designation (e.g. ESD30) and researching the technical data on the web. This will provide you with the frequency responses and attenuation values.

15 Warning! The low-pass filter supplied in delivery (standard accessory: Part No. 69723) should be connected to the output on the dLAN unit at all times to filter out ripples are hence prevent interference in the frequency range for radio and TV. Fig. 3-11: Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket 3.5.3 Bypassing amplifiers (passive bypass) The bypass circuit (passive return path, bypass) bridges an amplifier. Make sure that there is enough sufficient stop-band attenuation on the diplex filters (e.g. Comega, Tratec) here. Frequently, they only have 35dB stop-band attenuation. This is why a high-pass filter (> 50 dB stop-band attenuation) needs to be fitted in the direction of amplifier's output and input. Deploying diplex filters is favourable to the data connection's attenuation budget. For TV, a pass-through attenuation of approx. 2 x 0.5 dB (diplex) + 2 x 0.8 dB (high- pass) should be taken into account. Fig. 3-12: Bypassing an amplifier with a passive bypass

16 Fig. 3-13: Example configuration with actual components Amplifier bypasses can also be cascaded. Take note of the attenuation budget for the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapter. The following figure illustrates a 3-level cascade. Note that the amplifiers are much further apart in reality than in the illustration. Fig. 3-14: 3-level amplifier cascade with passive bypass 3.5.4 Bypassing amplifiers (active bypass) The amplifier is bypassed using two devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapters and an Ethernet cable. Make sure that there is enough stop-band attenuation on the diplex filters (e.g. Comega, ) here. Frequently, they only have 35dB stop-band attenuation. This is why a high-pass filter (> 50 dB stop-band attenuation) needs to be fitted in the direction of amplifier's output and input. A separate logical network segment begins/ends before and after the amplifier. For TV, a pass-through attenuation of approx. 2 x 0.5 dB (diplex) + 2 x 0.8 dB (high-pass) should be taken into account. Since the connection functions like a repeater, this configuration is well-suited to bridging large distances.

17 Fig. 3-15: Bypassing an amplifier with an active bypass 3.5.5 Bypassing amplifiers (passive return path on the amplifier) An amplifier with passive return path is to be used. You may be able to achieve this by switching the return path module from active to passive. You may not know the return path attenuation for this option. If you do, always set the attenuator on the return path to 0. Warning! Some amplifiers tend to oscillate due to insufficient blocking depth on the diplex filter fitted. If possible, you should give preference to the options described in Sections 3.5.3 and 3.5.4! Fig. 3-16: Bypassing an amplifier over a passive return path on the amplifier 3.5.6 Using filters (high pass) We recommend using one or more high-pass filters (not included in delivery for standard accessories),...  ...to decouple the signals on the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro deployed from the TV signal transfer point,  ...to physically segment individual devolo dLAN 200 AVpro networks on a coaxial network. The following Fig. 3-17 shows an example of the physical segmentation of a dual dLAN network with the help of a combination of diplex and high-pass filters in each case (here, a HPF 85-1000 with a blocking depth of > 70 dB).

18 Fig. 3-17: Using high-pass filters to physically segment a dLAN-network You do not have to deploy high-pass filters if a satellite-fed antenna network is installed in the building. Important! Physical segmentation using high-pass filters must always be accompanied by logical segmentation using password groups! For a logical segmentation, all the dLAN 200 AVpro adapters in Segment 1 shown in Fig. 3-17 must have a password that is different to that of Segment 2. The respective master here has the corresponding password for the segment (for more information, refer to Section 3.5.7). 3.5.7 Logical segmentation For a logical segmentation, all devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adaptors in Segment 1 shown in Fig. 3-18 must be furnished with a dLAN password that deviates from Segment 2 or Segment 3. The respective feeder has the dLAN password assigned to the segment here.

19 Fig. 3-18: Logical segmentation of a dLAN-network with the help of dLAN passwords You always have the option of signal crosstalk from one cable to another in dLAN technology. Although this is rarely the case with coaxial cables, it can occur with cheap cables with little shielding attenuation. In the event of crosstalking, a logical short-circuit [Loop] can occur: the data packets in the one segment are fed back into the neighbouring segment, with the result that the switch connected distributes them continuously through the whole network, thus slowing it down. In any event, we recommend using a manageable switch for projects with > 20 endpoints! Important! Physical segmentation using high-pass filters must always be accompanied by logical segmentation using password groups!

20 4 Two-wire lines 4.1 Twisted or untwisted pair, wire pair You can easily make this connection using a BNC-banana adapter. You can even make a connection adapter yourself using a coax plug from the DIY store. You should note that the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapter is potential-free. This means that even large distances can be spanned using 2-wire lines without the need for additional potential equalisation. To span greater distances, Balun adapters should be used for better performance. (cf. the two following sections). Fig. 4-1: dLAN network over a 2-wire line 4.2 Point-to-point on telephone lines (available wire pair) If a wire pair is available, you can use this to connect the dLAN 200 AVpro adapter without any additional measures. If the line is not furnished with a twisted wire pair (untwisted), crosstalk between the parallel routed lines is possible! Balun adapter F-connector to 2-wire (RJ45) Fig. 4-2: dLAN via 2-wire using a Balun adapter 4.3 Point-to-point over telephone lines (occupied wire pair) An Annex A splitter for analogue telephone lines should be used for this installation. An Annex B splitter should be used for ISDN lines (S0).

21 TCU connection socket with integrated DSL splitter for operation on occupied telephone cables Fig. 4-3: Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket 4.4 Point-to-multipoint on telephone lines (with telephone operation) Fig. 4-4: Combined point-to-multipoint network for dLAN and telephone over 2-wire lines You should always test for compatibility with proprietary system telephones behind a branch exchange (UKo interface), since some manufacturers' occupied frequencies extend beyond those filtered along Annex B, and can cause malfunctions in the branch exchange. In this case, it is better to use an available wire pair (cf. Section 4.2).

22 4.5 BNC networks, 10Base2 networks dLAN 200 AVpro technology can be used on 10Base2 BNC networks to achieve a high bandwidth. Fig. 4-5: Standard 10 Mbit/s BNC network (10Base2 coax) Fig. 4-6: 200 MBit/s dLAN network via installed BNC coax cabling

23 5 Power lines The following describes different configurations for the installation on the power line using examples. We will present various problems and possible solutions in the scenarios sketched out. The following applies to all power line projects: always test the dLAN system for correct functioning on-site before making changes to the electrical system! devolo dLAN adapters are especially optimised for handling interference and their sources, and are characterised by rock-solid data transmission. For this reason, it is not necessary to make change to the electrical system as a rule. When testing, follow these basic rules:  Note the change in power network load during the day (subject to the consumers connected). You should perform the test in a real- world environment where all the consumers are switched on for this reason.  Test the various socket outlets in a room. The performance of the dLAN system can often be increased on another socket outlet.  Use the dLAN adapter as far away from other consumers as possible.  Avoid multiple socket outlets.  Avoid surge protection socket outlets at all costs! 5.1 Power supply systems in single-family homes Power supply systems in Germany are usually three-phase (RST). A typical single- family scenario has an electric mains circuit that distributes the load (consumers) throughout the house as uniformly as possible. Crosstalk between the phases is almost always inevitable when devolo dLAN technology is used, since the three phases are routed closely together, and devolo dLAN uses high frequencies between 2 and 30 MHz. Using a phase coupler is not necessary as a consequence. The parallel wiring for the three phases is located, for instance, on the way to the fuse box, but an electric oven or flow heater is also usually connected to all three phases. Moreover, short parallel routing (approx. 50 cm) is wholly adequate for automatic phase coupling. A phase coupler is required only in very few cases, therefore, such as when the phases are routed away from the fuse box in star configuration.

24 Fig. 5-1: Typical dLAN networking over the power network in single-family homes You should note that a phase coupler also couples interference from one phase to the other. In this case, the dLAN signal would actually be impaired. This is why you should always test the signal without a phase coupler first! If standard electric meters are installed (induction or eddy current meter, recognisable by their discs, which rotate a different speeds depending on the level of consumption), they form the boundary of the dLAN system, since the dLAN signals are attenuated strongly due to the technical design. These meters are not firewalls however! In contrast, electronic electricity meters, which are being installed more and more these days, do not attenuate the dLAN signal. Important: devolo AG recommends using a non-standard network password to secure the dLAN network. 5.2 Power supply systems in multiple dwelling units (centralised meter arrangement) What is referred to as a centralised meter arrangement is frequently used in multiple dwelling units. In a centralised meter arrangement, dLAN signals may not just

25 crosstalk from one phase to another inside the apartment, but over the rising mains from one circuit in the residential unit to the circuit in another residential unit. However, by using non-standard encryption (dLAN password) in a peer-to-peer network, you can to prevent unauthorised parties from gaining access to the encrypted data. Another option for protecting the privacy of the individual household is to operate the dLAN adapters with peer-to-peer isolation. A master dLAN 200 AVpro2 could supply two parties with Internet data over the power supply system in this manner, as in the example shown above. The two parties would not "see" each other, and each would only have access to the master, which is connected to the Internet gateway. Fig. 5-2: dLAN networking in multiple dwelling units A three-phase circuit also exists in each housing unit as well in this example, but has been excluded from this illustration for the sake of clarity. The distribution box does not attenuate as a rule. You should note that the dLAN system has not been developed for crosstalking across apartments globally. You should make sure you test this type of system for correct functioning in the respective surroundings in advance for this reason. In this example, a phase coupler (installed in a control cabinet serving one or more apartments ) does not act as an aid for the coupling in the feed line (or between the apartments)!

26 5.3 Power supply systems in multiple dwelling units (decentralised meter arrangement) In what is referred to as the decentralised meter arrangement, you cannot use dLAN to supply several housing units, since the local meters strongly attenuate the signals. If all housing units are to be supplied with a dLAN signal from a central point, central supply must take place over the antenna or telephone cable. The electrical wiring can be used again for communication in the apartment however. Fig. 5-3: dLAN networking in a multiple dwelling unit with decentralised meter arrangement A three-phase circuit also exists in each housing unit as well in this example, but has been excluded from this illustration for the sake of clarity. You should note that a decentralised meter arrangement does not eliminate the possibility of crosstalk from one housing unit to another. If the residential units are to be built side-by-side in mirror image, phase coupling over the power lines in the individual apartments is possible, which could possibly be routed in the same cable duct. However, by using non-standard encryption (dLAN password) in a peer-to-peer network, you can prevent unauthorised parties from gaining access to the encrypted data. 5.4 Power supply systems in large buildings In larger buildings, the electrical wiring is different from that of residential ones (even one with multiple housing units). A large building mainly has a main distribution system, to which sub-distribution systems for individual floors or parts of the building are connected in star configuration. Each sub-distribution system

27 normally consists of the three phases. You can usually set up very powerful dLAN networks over the power line on a sub-distribution system. However, no (or only very poor) communication is possible over the supply line from one sub-distribution system to another. In this example, a phase coupler (installed in a control cabinet serving one or more sub-distribution systems) does not act as an aid for improving data transmission between the sub-distribution systems. Each dLAN network is to be considered quasi-autonomous. Important: it is still mandatory to use a separate password for each dLAN network! If minimum phase coupling should exist between the individual sub- distribution systems, a spanning tree error would result in the form of looping data packets. Fig. 5-4: dLAN networking in large buildings If communication between the sub-distribution systems is wanted, you need to have a backbone connection. The individual segments are then connected over a switch, making communication between the sub-distribution systems possible. A quantity of distributed dLAN networks can be managed from a central entity in this manner using dLAN AVpro manager. The backbone can be setup using standard methods, such as wired Ethernet, WLAN, etc. An alternative is to use the antenna cables, or the existing telephone or other two-wire cable structures with the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro2.

28 Fig. 5-5: Establishing dLAN network segments over proprietary password groups with an Ethernet backbone 5.5 Repeater circuits in power supply systems Two dLAN adapters are connected with a network cable to create a repeater circuit. It is not important here whether the cable is a crossover cable or a straight-through cable. The following contains various examples of using repeater circuits on power lines. You should note that this is an abstract illustration, which is mainly designed to represent the respective principle. Fig. 5-6: Direct connection of two dLAN AVpro units Fig. 5-7: Attenuating the transmission by interposing a electricity meter

29 Fig. 5-8: Set up of a repeater circuit to bridge the electricity meter with the aid of two dLAN AVpro units and an Ethernet cable It is important that the dLAN adapters connected via Ethernet are given different passwords for the repeater circuit, otherwise logical loops occur, and data packets begin to circulate. In this case, network traffic suddenly breaks down. An indication of a loop is when the dLAN LED on the dLAN adapter flickers rapidly without any additional data traffic. Fig. 5-9: Loop effect caused by using the same passwords for both dLAN legs A repeater circuit without physical attenuation between two dLAN adapters is not the optimum. The dLAN adapters in the immediate vicinity use the same frequencies for transferring data and have a negative impact on one another as a result. A circuit of this type lowers the bandwidth attainable by approx. 50%. A possible workaround for this is described in the following section.

30 Fig. 5-10: Use of a Radio interference suppression filter to maintain bandwidth 5.6 Segment insulation with EMI filters for repeater circuits EMI filters can be used to isolate segments on the power line. However, you should note that a possible coupling on parallel lines will render any segmentation ineffective. Therefore, segmentation should always be take place on a single existing line. Fig. 5-11: How a radio interference suppression filter works (source: eichhoff.de) 5.7 Phase coupling and residual current devices Phase coupler In rare cases where the crosstalk between the 3 phases is insufficient, or residual current devices are installed on the data transport path on the power line, it may be necessary to use different types of phase couplers. You should note that a phase coupler also transfer interference from one phase to the others. The phase coupler does not distinguish between "good" and "bad" signals. For this reason, phase couplers should always be used with caution — if interference is coupled, the dLAN signal may be attenuated and the usable bandwidth decreased. In this case, using a phase coupler is even counterproductive!

31 The devolo dLAN system always has an automatic phase-coupling effect without using an additional phase coupler! Fig. 5-12: Simplified diagram of a phase coupler (source: atmannheim.de) Residual current device Note that a variety of different types of residual current devices exist. The majority of residual current devices do NOT cause interference to a dLAN system! Important: always test the dLAN system for correct functioning on-site before making changes to the electrical system! Current purchasing sources are available on our website. 5.8 Sources of interference and remedies on the power line In case of unsatisfactory transfer rates on power line connections, causes may include cables that are too long, poor phase coupling and residual current devices; additionally, constant sources of RF interference sometimes exist on the line. These sources of interference can cause minor to total obstruction of the data throughput. Possible sources of interference include all consumers connected to the power supply system that couple an RF signal onto the power supply system over their power supply unit. These could include:  Power packs on laptops, printers, etc.  Cordless phones (DECT and CT1+)  Electric motors on hair dryers, power drills, etc.  Frequency converters on industrial machines  Electronic switching appliances for halogen lamps and discharge lamps

32  Voltage doublers for appliances from abroad (110V/240V)  Babyphone appliances which communicate over the power supply system Fig. 5-13: Filter socket (source: www.premo.es) Unplug any consumers that could be a cause of interference while monitoring the data rate between two connection points required at the same time. If the data rate improves when a consumer is unplugged, you should isolate it as a source of interference. You can do this with the help of what is referred to as a quarantine island: All sources of interference identified are operated behind a filter socket here. In the event that a source of interference has been indentified in the vicinity or even on the socket outlet on which the dLAN Signal is to be decoupled, we recommend using the dLAN 200 AVpro WP, which, as a PowerLine modem, has a filter socket directly built-in. This device is principally suited for identifying sources of interference. 5.9 Sinks and remedies on the power line Sinks are referred to as components which greatly attenuate the signal level of the dLAN devices, and hence reduce the bandwidth. A few typical examples of the possible causes of sinks, including suitable workarounds, if available:  Residual current devices (depending on the type = not all RCDs cause interference!) See the previous sections for various workarounds  Electric meters (may even cause a total block depending on the type) No workaround  Surge protection socket outlets with RF filters: do not use in the vicinity of dLAN devices

33 6 Projects It is extremely important to plan dLAN projects carefully. Careful preparation and planning will not only allow you to identify most technical problems in advance, it will also reduce unnecessary and frequently unexpected costs to a minimum. We would like to suggest the following approach as an option for performing dLAN projects, which is based on our long-term experience in this filed. As a rule, the technical, commercial and altogether human factors of a project vary due to the various possible scenarios available. As a consequence, it would be useful if you adapted the approach described below to your own requirements. Most, and above all, major projects are performed with antenna cable (coax networks) as the main medium of use. The focus of this chapter is placed on this kind of cable as a result. The descriptions below can also frequently be used for other media (e.g., 2-wire, power line). A dLAN project is performed in three successive phases: 1. Preparation a. Questioning, b. Site survey, c. Detailed planning, calculation of the cost estimate. 2. Implementation a. Planning the rollout, b. Performing the rollout. 3. Operation a. Management, b. Maintenance and support. 6.1 Preparation Both technical and commercial aspects play a role when preparing for the project. We certainly recommend an initial questioning phase, during which you can find out about the project's potential for success, the basic technical conditions, and also make a rough estimate of how much time and what costs come into question. 6.1.1 Questioning  What does the customer want to achieve? What use is he expecting to get out of it? Which mains services does he want to offer (Internet, IP-TV, etc.)?  Who are the technical and commercial contact person at the customer?

34  What is the current status? What technical information (e.g. cabling plans) is already available? How useful are they in terms of detail, up-to-dateness?  Are other external service providers going to be used for other services Pay TV, video-on-demand, etc.)?  Are any potential risks (e.g., existing Pay TV systems) and additional costs to be expected? Understand the overall concept the customer wants to realise Try to learn more about the customer's overall concept right from the very beginning: what is he aiming at, and what utility does he expect from dLAN technology? What information does the customer have? What level of information does the customer have? devolo can always provide the customer with an overall solution, which can be realised in cooperation with project partners if necessary. devolo will be happy to provide you with any support you need in realising the project. If you have not already done so, take the opportunity to have yourself certified as a dLAN AVpro Partner. Occasionally, a project is initiated by an employee or an external service provider. Find out early on who is responsible for technical and commercial issues at the customer. Do not forget that your original contact partner may not be the one who decides whether the project goes ahead or not. The questioning phase should also take place against the background of the project's potential for success. Estimate budget Based on an initial estimation, forecast a rough budget for performing the project. Address potential financing models at this stage as well. This allows the customer to become aware of aspects, such a total costs, as well of potential ways of financing the investment, at an early stage. In this manner, you can identify whether the circumstances speak in favour or against the project without any large presales effort in advance. Determine current situation Then try to find out as much as possible about the actual situation on-site (but not from your desk). Use the following check list as an aid here:  Are there any antenna and building plans? Are they precise and up-to-date? Do the antenna plans already contain details of existing components, such as splitters, amplifiers, filters, and attenuations?  How many rooms are currently laid out with cables? What type of network structure does the building have (e.g. star or tree, floor-by-floor horizontal or vertical?  How many end points are there on each physical cable harness?

35  Where are the antenna distribution system and house amplifiers located (basement or roof)? Are there any other more amplifiers?  How are TV programs currently supplied (satellite head-end, cable, terrestrial antenna, multiswitch, etc.)?  Are other services provided (e.g. Pay TV, video-on-demand, minibar billing system, etc.)? Who operates these? Are these to remain in place in future or replaced (e.g. standard TV with IPTV)?  Are parts of the frequency range already assigned to other channels (particularly between 2 and 30 MHz)?  How and where is the current connection to the Internet (DSL, cable, DOCSIS, etc.)? Missing or incomplete information may mean that you have to perform time-consuming and expensive research yourself on-site [reverse engineering]. The risk of encountering unexpected problems increases at the same time and therefore extra costs. Bear this in mind when planning the budget and calculating your estimate. 6.1.2 Survey site  What is the real-life situation on-site like compared to the information you gleaned in advance?  What are the room conditions like?  Does anything special need to be taken into consideration (e.g., fire protection zones) or potential problems?  Performing a concrete test  Demonstrating functionality to the client Survey site The information gleaned on the building during the questioning phase should now be verified and amended during a site survey. The result of both investigations then forms the basis for detailed planning and the proposal you will put forward to the customer. The site survey also gives you the opportunity to perform some tests on the connection quality, and demonstrate how dLAN networking functions to the customer, based on the cable system in place. Take the following equipment with you to survey the site: Equipment  Digital camera, Make sure you take enough (rechargeable) batteries and storage cards with you.

36  Two notebooks equipped with Ethernet ports with network tools installed (e.g. Wireshark, devolo Informer, devolo AVpro manager, Iperf, also see relevant chapter 7 in this manual), Check that the equipment is working properly in advance. The laptop batteries should be charged up fully. Both should have a minimum of software installed and have identical, preferably static network settings.  2 to 4 devolo dLAN 200 AVpro(2) adaptors, You should make sure the dLAN adaptors have been tested beforehand. Do not use the factory settings (such as for the dLAN password), but perform your own.  2x diplex filters, or, if not available, 2 x 2x distributors with f-jack and a frequency range of at least 1,000 MHz; also several diplex filter pairs to bridge amplifiers if necessary,  Several multiple socket outlet strips,  1 adapter box for the antenna cable (all adaptor types to all types, F and IEC6),  2 to 5 IEC plug-on-plug adaptors for connecting to the Antenna socket (radio output),  10 quick clips for cable 1-2 m long, for F-connectors, for quick temporary installation  4 x high-pass filter 0-65 MHz >50dB  4 x low-pass filter 0-30 MHz (included in delivery with devolo dLAN AVpro)  (Optional) cable finder, portable level meter or spectrum analyser Promax) for troubleshooting. Try to survey the site with all contact partners from all parties participating in the project. This could include: Survey site  The project manager at the customer or contracting party himself,  Janitor or technician with key sets and comprehensive knowledge of the building,  Employees from the company who built the antenna, who may also be responsible for maintaining the coax network,  Employees from other external service providers of systems which are provided via cable, e.g. Pay TV providers. Also clarify the responsibilities between the various parties in this relation. This also includes other external service providers if any, such as antenna networks operators. It is useful to designate a project manager who ideally

37 should have knowledge in all the technologies relevant to the project (e.g. antennas, networks, dLAN). Compare the what has only been theoretical data with the actual situation on-site now. Make reference to the 6.1.1 check list provided in the previous section here to determine current situation. Cases where no up-to-date building plans are available provide the perfect opportunity for taking photos of the escape plans present in the floors, so that you can transfer them onto your own plan later using suitable software. Fig. 6-1: Photo of an escape plan in a hotel Continue to add information which you were unable determine from a distance such as...  ...all possible cable connections between the Internet connection and the antenna distribution. Does not just take standard dLAN media coax, 2-wire, and power line into account, but also other standard networks same as CAT cable, wireless LAN, etc.,  ...an initial inventory of the existing antenna system (connection techniques employed, numbers of legs and endpoints on the various floors),  ...the actual amount of space available and installation options at the location where the dLAN adaptor is planned to be used,  ...fixtures and fittings and special features in the various rooms. In hotels, for instance, you should ask to view all the various room-types available. At best, start you site survey at the antenna distribution and work from there towards the floors and the rooms. Take special notice of special features, which may make performing the project difficult or impossible later:  If a PowerLine network is planned, existing structures are usually easy to recognise from the switch boxes (= sub distributions), fire protection zones and expansion joints. Try to clarify directly how to reach the rooms over an alternative route if necessary (e.g. via coax),

38  A random or poorly maintained antenna network (e.g., loose or corroded antenna sockets) usually leads to additional work and costs for reverse engineering or a workaround,  Certain components in the antenna network (e.g. selective antenna outlets, active amplifiers at floor-level) can interrupt dLAN supply and need to be bridged if necessary. Further information on this topic can be found in Chapter 3. Make sure you take photos of all interesting sites and critical points in the building. They allow to research certain details again after your return without having to go back to the location. Fig. 6-2: Photo of an antenna distribution with amplifier Testing Supplement your observations with your own tests. These serve for determining the availability and the bandwidth between two points. You can also use them to demonstrate the functioning and feasibility of the dLAN network to the customer when you make the site survey. Always perform tests in real-life conditions. Switch on all consumers you would expect to use in normal operations. Do not perform the tests outside of major business hours. If possible, perform the test over several days, in order take affects into account that you may have overseen during customer questioning and the site survey. A simple, but very effective method of testing approach is to measure the connectivity and available bandwidth with help of two dLAN AVpro(2) units. Install a notebook and a device as the master on a stationary basis in the antenna distribution, and then you go from endpoint to endpoint with a separate notebook and adapter. Now generate a data load between both laptops with an FTP transfer,

39 and use devolo Informer or even better devolo dLAN AVpro manager and Iperf as network tools to check whether both devices connect, and, if so, with what bandwidth. A minimum of 50 Mbit/s. should be achieved here at the physical level. If both dLAN adaptors succeed in connecting, high through rates of around 200 Mbit/s are normally achieved as well. It is only seldom that low bandwidths are achieved (e.g. low, two figure rates). If that is the case, high-performance services such as IP-TV cannot be realised where they are stable. Before and after connecting the additional dLAN adaptors, check the visual quality of TV reception on the top and ground floors, in all hotel wings and at a point where there is poor TV reception. If you have not already done so, connect the low-pass filter included to the output on the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro. The following faults may occur:  Connection failed: other booster amplifiers on the leg (line amplifiers) are usually the case here. This need to be located and bridged. Further information on this is available in Chapter 3. In rare cases, booster amplifiers are installed covered and hence difficult to find. You can modulate a RF beam on the screen with a professional device in order to detect the cable guide. The fact that the amplifier is connected to the power supply, means that a cable leads to it, which you can locate as well.  Lines or moiré patterns: these effects can be caused by poor shielding attenuation on the antenna sockets or coax cable resulting from cheap material being used. An other explanation could be that the devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adaptor is located too close to the TV set (near-field coupling ). You should move the adapter to a better location further away in this case.  Graininess or pixeling: negative effects like graininess or pixeling on the TV picture usually means that the antenna network level is too low. You would need to just this somewhat in this case. Professionally designed broad communication networks usually have enough level reserve to compensate for the approx. 4 dB of attenuation that occurs as a result of decoupling on the main distribution for a leg. You can quickly and easily transform the availability and throughput rate test into a small demonstration of dLAN technology. Connect a notebook which has a streaming server setup on it to the master (cf. Section 7.2 in this Manual). Start the streaming client on the client laptop. Technical demonstrations For demonstration purposes, it is perfectly adequate to use a stream with a low bandwidth, because you only want to clarify the functioning principle of dLAN technology and its practicability o the customer at this point.

40 You should document the results of the site survey in a report. Include the antenna an building plans you have updated in it. You can also draw your own site plan with Visio or a similar program and sketch in the equipment planned for the project. Also include potential problem areas that are expected to be encountered in the report. Use the photos you have made to visualise these problems. Summarise your test results as well. Site survey report 6.1.3 Detailed planning, calculating the cost estimate  Planning the dLAN network  Calculating the costs and the proposal  Cost-relevant factors You should plan the technical realisation of the project in detail following the site survey. Select a suitable medium for dLAN transmission basis on the individual surroundings that exist at the customer premises. If possible, give preference to coax cable networks, since they are least susceptible to interference. This high level of stability makes it easier for you to plan your project more effectively, since the interference often encountered on power lines plays practically no role in coax networks. Coax > 2-wire > Power lines In contrast to networks over via 2-wire cables or the power supply system, you have to pay more attention to the quality and structure of the antenna network when using coax as a medium. For instance, you have to take account of selective antenna socket and amplifiers, as well as lightning protection or power surge filters, which can compromise the transmission of the signal or even block it completely. On the other hand, parallel operation of a dLAN can have an influence on the existing antenna network. Deploying filters is necessary to ward this off here. Chapter 3 provides you with more information on this topic Besides minor potential impairments in transmitting the dLAN-Signal over coax cable, issues concerning the number of planned terminal devices and the total bandwidth required also play key role. For instance, the dLAN AVpro(2) supports a maximum of 63 terminal devices at the same time. Continue to think about which of the planned services will require the maximum throughput (e.g. IPTV with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MBit/s). Finally, you should review whether the present structure of the coax cabling is suitable for achieving this performance. Service > Bandwidth > Endpoint As rule of thumb, you should consider segmenting into another inflow point from 5 endpoints and above per coax leg, that you can then connect over another medium such as 2-wire lines. Of course, this is only possible when the TV antenna connection is not installed in parallel on the same coax lines. Now you can calculate your cost estimate based on your detailed project plan. Also address potential financing models in doing so, such as Calculate the cost estimate

41  Purchasing model,  Leasing model,  Owner model,  etc. As a rule, the customer will not achieve a direct profit by operating dLAN technology. Soft facts such as higher occupation rates for hotel rooms play a larger role her. When making your calculation, assume that the network will be built using dLAN media (coax, 2-wire, power line) and calculate the number of adapters required. Finally, you should review which connection over standard network media (CAT, WLAN, etc.) if still required if at all. Then you should address which servers need to be setup. Finally, you should select the suitable network components The key criterion here on the one hand, is the bandwidth required, and on the other the existing management functions (depending on the size of the project and class of customer). You should select appropriately high-quality components, which allow for stable, maintenance-free operation, for customers with exacting demands. For instance, a five star hotel cannot afford to have its IP-TV operated television system breakdown! Cost factors Besides the obvious costs for equipment and working hours, you should also take a series of factors into account here that you may have to include as surcharges in your calculation:  External costs: if necessary, services may have to be performed by third- parties, for example. For instance, amplifiers may have to be adapted or adjusted, and joiners may have to perform work in the rooms. Clarify all of these potential cost before submitting your proposal.  Poor picture quality on the existing TV systems: this does not mean that the dLAN network over coax will necessarily be poor. devolo dLAN 200 AVpro adapters operate with an attenuation budget of over 60 dB, while standard television only has an attenuation budget of 42 dB. In contrast, it can be assumed that a dLAN will very probably function perfectly over an existing antenna network if this is capable of transmitting an acceptable TV picture. If you need to boost the level to obtain a clean TV signal, commission an antenna installation company to implement measures to improve the level.  No data connection possible via devolo dLAN 200 AVpro during the site survey at many (or a few) endpoints, but good TV picture

42 quality present: this indicates the presence of one or more line or intermediate amplifiers. These can be located easily and bypassed using the methods described in Chapter 3.  Existing Pay TV systems and minibar systems to be operated in future: some pay-TV systems require special measures to integrate a dLAN network. Please contact us directly in this case.  Poor condition of the antenna system: the antenna system is in extremely poor condition. The level is too high or too low, i.e. the pictures have a lot of noise. Very many (e.g. 3-5) inexpensive house amplifiers— possibly from different manufacturers—are switched in series in a tree structure. Include consolidation of the antenna system with level adjustment, in cooperation a partner company, if necessary.  Chaos in the antenna system: the antenna system consists of a mess of multiple cable systems installed on top of each other, some of which are no longer used.  No valid antenna diagrams available: schedule around 3 additional man-days per 100 rooms to create an antenna diagram via reverse engineering as an additional expense. Hotel Pay TV systems: frequently, larger hotels are equipped with standard Pay TV systems, which you can recognise by the remote control. Most of these system use a type of polling pulse in the frequency range 5 to 30 MHz at 12 MHz, for instance, for transmitting signals between the TV set and the video server. If the hotel wants to continue operating this system in the foreseeable future, you should schedule extra costs for producing the system tolerance between the devolo dLAN technology and the Pay TV system. The frequency ranges affected need to be identified to do this and configured (AVpro manager) to exclude them from the dLAN communication (Notching). Contact devolo if you have any questions with regard to this. Alternatively, you can offer to perform a complete conversion to IP-based streaming technologies such as IP-TV for the hotel. This option also needs to be planned exactly! In this event, make sure you contact devolo to solicit recommendations for tried-and-tested backend and set top box technologies. 6.2 Implementation 6.2.1 Preparing for the rollout You can now plan the actual rollout based on the final project plan. Bear in mind that other service providers may be performing work in advance. A good starting point is the site survey (normally documented with photos), which should take place

43 along with the various contact persons Clarify the various responsibilities and draw up a schedule together. All parties to the rollout should communicate together constructively and cooperatively. One suggestion would be to stage a workshop initially with all parties prior to the rollout where the procedure can be discussed. Lots of potential misunderstandings can be prevented in advance in this manner. devolo offers to supply bulk adapters with consecutive MAC addresses for major projects. These are supplied with pre-prepared CSV files containing the MAC addresses and Security IDs for the devices. You can add the planned installations site to these quickly and easily, so that you can manage them immediately after installation and importing the file into dLAN AVpro manager. For instance, several adaptors can easily be collated into logical segments by issuing personal dLAN passwords without having to perform any extensive additional work Make sure that at least one of the technicians involved in the project devolo-certified and has extensive knowledge of antenna and network technology. 6.2.2 Performing the rollout Always keep to the Hardware installation > Software installation > Commissioning sequence when performing the project. Take a successive approach during actual implementation: you should complete one section first, such as a floor, and then test it over several days. Only move onto the next section when everything is working correctly and to your satisfaction. One key advantage of devolo dLAN technology is that you can move forward on a step-by-step basis without having to convert everything at once. For instance, in a hotel, most guests can continue to watch television without interruption, while a dLAN network is being setup in parallel over the same lines. Be prepared for all eventualities Make sure you take everything you need with you. Do not forget that a second visit can be expensive. 6.3 Operation 6.3.1 Management Larger projects are particularly suited to remote administration with the help of management functions as long as the correct hardware and software is deployed. dLAN 200 AVpro manager allows you to control individual adaptors right down to device level.

44 6.3.2 Maintenance and support We will be glad to provide you with suggestions for solutions for the maintenance and technical support of your products.

45 7 Useful software Important: devolo AG provides absolutely no support for the software described below! 7.1 Iperf Iperf is a free command-line program for testing network performance on any given medium. Manufacturer/developer is the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. For additional information, refer to the developers' website (http://dast.nlanr.net/projects/Iperf/). The command-line program runs under Windows, Linux and Mac OS X without needing to be installed. The following provides a description of the configuration for Windows-based computers. 7.1.1 Application Testing using Iperf requires two computers. The first computer functions as the Iperf server, and the second as the Iperf client. The client requests data from the server to which the server responds. Both computers should belong to the same IP address group. Ping in both directions to test whether both computers can "see" each other. You can start Iperf via the command line directly from the directory where you have stored it. In this example, Iperf is stored on the C drive. Iperf can be invoked by a series of parameters, which are explained below in the examples. Enter IPERF –help to view a list of parameters and options available. Make sure you have no firewall or antivirus software running in the background, which may interfere with the test, or even make it impossible. The following network settings apply in this example: Server: IP address: 192.168.0.16 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.0.253 (optional) Client: IP address: 192.168.0.1 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.0.253 (optional) 7.1.2 TCP or UDP With Iperf, the corresponding transport protocol must be specified for both the server and the client before test is performed. TCP is the default, so no parameters have to

46 be specified to test TCP. To test UDP, the parameter must be specified along with the bandwidth you want to test. Example: site survey IPERF -u -b 85M as a command, you test the UDP protocol on the client-side with a requested bandwidth of 85 Mbit/s. TCP generates a lower throughput than UDP, because it is a connection- oriented protocol, for which each data packet has to be acknowledged. This decreases the useful load and hence the net bandwidth. In a test for TCP, the program attempts to generate the maximum possible data rate on its own. In a test for UDP, requesting too high a bandwidth (e.g. -b 100M) can falsify the results if the network card supports flow control and hence reduced the bandwidth on its own. You can carry out a test to check for this yourself. 7.1.3 Setting up the server For TCP, you can access the server as follows (recommended values for maximum performance): Legend: - s: Server - i 3: Reporting interval every 3 seconds For UDP, you can access the server as follows (recommended values for maximum performance): Legend: - s: Server - u: UDP protocol - i 3: Reporting interval every 3 seconds

47 During a TCP test, you can read off the current results on both the server and the client. After the test, the server also sends a summary to the client. During a UDP test, you can only read off the current results on the server. The server does not send a summary to the client until after the test. During the test, only the requested bandwidth is shown on the client. 7.1.4 Setting up the client For TCP, you can access the client as follows (recommended values for maximum performance): Legend: - c 192.168.0.16: client mode and IP address of the server - w 128k: TCP window size (optimum size for dLAN 200 AVpro) - i 1: reporting interval each second - t 600: length of the test 600 seconds For UDP, you can access the client as follows (recommended values for maximum performance): Legend: - c 192.168.0.16: client mode and IP address of the server - u: UDP mode

48 - b 90M: bandwidth requested from the server 90Mbps - w 128k: UDP window size (optimum size for dLAN 200 AVpro) - i 1: reporting interval each second - t 600: length of the test 600 seconds 7.2 VLC VLC is a free audio/video player and streaming server for audio/video data. The manufacturer and developer is the VideoLAN Team. Further information is available from the developer's website (http://www.videolan.org). The player runs under Windows, Linux and Mac OS X following installation. The following information refers to a configuration under Windows. Further documentation can be found on the developer's website. 7.2.1 Application Streaming using VLC requires 2 computers: the first computer functions as the VLC streaming server, and the second as the VLC media player. The player receives the data steam generated by the server and converts it into a visible image. Both computers should belong to the same IP address group. Ping in both directions to test whether both computers can "see" each other. VLC offers a variety of parameters. The settings below are meant to show how to perfectly stream video and audio files in your network, but are merely provided to show a suitable test process. Test the VLC streaming solution before driving to your customer. Make sure you have no firewall or antivirus software running in the background, which may interfere with the test, or even make it impossible. The following network settings apply in this example: Server: IP address: 192.168.0.16 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.0.253 (optional) Client: IP address: 192.168.0.1 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.0.253 (optional)

49 7.2.2 Streaming server/client Before you can stream from a server to a client, you need a streamable file. To keep the use of CPU resources low for your computers, the files should be *.mpg or *.ts files wherever possible. Streaming in SD (Standard Definition, max. PAL resolution of 768 x 576 pixels) should not cause problems for normal computers. However, streaming HDTV files is more complex and requires two powerful computers. The bandwidth available is often not a problem in many cases when streaming high- resolution video or audio data, but the client PC, which is not powerful enough to decode HD material at sufficient speed and display it correctly. You can generate *.ts files directly with VLC, by reading them out of a video DVD and saving them in the appropriate format. 7.2.3 Setting up the streaming server Following the step-by-step instructions below to setup a streaming server: 1. File > Open File… 2. Click Browse… to select a video and specify that the video should be streamed under Advanced options. 3. Click on Advanced options > Settings…

50 4. Select Play locally. 5. Select the UDP control box. Enter the required Address and Port number on the right. 6. Click OK to confirm. 7. Click OK to quit the Open dialog.

51 The stream or file playback now starts automatically. It is advisable to have the stream repeat automatically if it is short. Proceed as follows: 8. Menu View > Playlist… 9. Select the key icon for repeat playback. 7.2.4 Setting up the streaming client The following, simple steps let you setup a streaming client: 1. Menu File > Open Network Stream.…

52 2. Select UDP/RTP Multicast and enter the required Address and Port number on the right. 3. Click OK to confirm. The stream or file playback now starts automatically in the player. Simply left-click in the media window to toggle between full-screen and window mode. If streaming is interrupted by the network cable being unplugging, simply plug the cable back in. The stream will resume automatically. You can view the bandwidth used under View > Stream and Media Info > Statistics

53 8 Annex 8.1 Sources for purchasing accessories You can find a list of specific suppliers and circuit layouts on our website under http://www.devolo.com/business/accessories-referencelist.html If specific manufacturers' model options exist, you will also be able to find up-to-date connection diagrams on the website.

54 Table of Figures Fig. 2-1: The devolo dLAN frequency range........................................................................................................3 Fig. 3-1: The tree structure ................................................................................................................................4 Fig. 3-2: The star structure.................................................................................................................................5 Fig. 3-3: The floor star.......................................................................................................................................5 Fig. 3-4: A BC tree network...............................................................................................................................6 Fig. 3-5: A sat multiswitch star network.............................................................................................................7 Fig. 3-6: A sat head-end tree network................................................................................................................8 Fig. 3-7: Typical tree structure configuration in an antenna network.................................................................12 Fig. 3-8: Coupling the signals in-premises with a diplex filter............................................................................13 Fig. 3-9: Antenna system before connecting the adaptor over the antenna outlets............................................13 Fig. 3-10: Antenna system after connecting the adaptor over the antenna outlets.............................................14 Fig. 3-11: Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket...........................................................................15 Fig. 3-12: Bypassing an amplifier with a passive bypass ...................................................................................15 Fig. 3-13: Example configuration with actual components................................................................................16 Fig. 3-14: 3-level amplifier cascade with passive bypass...................................................................................16 Fig. 3-15: Bypassing an amplifier with an active bypass....................................................................................17 Fig. 3-16: Bypassing an amplifier over a passive return path on the amplifier....................................................17 Fig. 3-17: Using high-pass filters to physically segment a dLAN-network ..........................................................18 Fig. 3-18: Logical segmentation of a dLAN-network with the help of dLAN passwords......................................19 Fig. 4-1: dLAN network over a 2-wire line........................................................................................................20 Fig. 4-2: dLAN via 2-wire using a Balun adapter ..............................................................................................20 Fig. 4-3: Tapping the Ethernet signal on the antenna socket ............................................................................21 Fig. 4-4: Combined point-to-multipoint network for dLAN and telephone over 2-wire lines...............................21 Fig. 4-5: Standard 10 Mbit/s BNC network (10Base2 coax) ..............................................................................22 Fig. 4-6: 200 MBit/s dLAN network via installed BNC coax cabling...................................................................22 Fig. 5-1: Typical dLAN networking over the power network in single-family homes...........................................24 Fig. 5-2: dLAN networking in multiple dwelling units .......................................................................................25 Fig. 5-3: dLAN networking in a multiple dwelling unit with decentral meter arrangement .................................26 Fig. 5-4: dLAN networking in large buildings ...................................................................................................27 Fig. 5-5: Establishing dLAN network segments over proprietary password groups with an Ethernet backbone ...28 Fig. 5-6: Direct connection of two dLAN AVpro units........................................................................................28 Fig. 5-7: Attenuating the transmission by interposing a electricity meter...........................................................28 Fig. 5-8: Set up of a repeater circuit to bridge the electricity meter with the aid of two dLAN AVpro units and an Ethernet cable.................................................................................................................................................29 Fig. 5-9: Loop effect caused by using the same passwords for both dLAN legs..................................................29 Fig. 5-10: Use of a Radio interference suppression filter to maintain bandwidth................................................30 Fig. 5-11: How a radio interference suppression filter works (source: eichhoff.de).............................................30 Fig. 5-12: Simplified diagram of a phase coupler (source: atmannheim.de) .......................................................31 Fig. 5-13: Filter socket (source: www.premo.es)...............................................................................................32 Fig. 6-1: Photo of an escape plan in an hotel ...................................................................................................37 Fig. 6-2: Photo of an antenna distribution with amplifier..................................................................................38

55 Index 10base2 22 2-wire lines 20 Active bypass 16 Analogue telephone line 20 Analogue television 2 Annex A 20 Annex B 20 Antenna distribution 35 Antenna outlets (wall) 9 Antenna plan 34 Attenuation budget 15 Back channel 11 Backbone 27 Balun adaptor 20 Blocking depth 17 BNC 22 BNC banana adaptor 20 Booster amplifier 39 Broadband communications tree networks 6 Budget 34 Building plan 34 Bulk adaptor 43 Bypass 15 Cascades 16 Central meter arrangement 25 Coax cable 40 Connection diagrams 53 Crosstalking 19 Customer's overall concept 34 Decentral meter arrangement 26 devolo Informer 39 Digital television 2 Diplex filter 15 dLAN AVpro manager 39 dLAN projects 33 DOCSIS 11, 35 Eddy current meter 24 Electricity meter 24 Endpoints 13 Escape plan 37 Floor stars 5 Fuse box 23 Graininess 39 HDTV files 49 High-pass filter 13 House amplifier 35 Induction meter 24 Interference sources 31 Iperf 45 IPTV 35, 40 ISDN lines 20 Lightning protection filter 40 Line amplifier 39 Logical segmentation 18 Loop 29 Loops 29 Low-pass filter 13 Main distribution 27 Maintenance 44 Management 43 Multimedia socket outlet 14 Multimedia socket outlets 11 Multiswitch 35 Multiswitch system 6 Near-field coupling 39 Noise factors 11 Notching 42 Passive return path 15, 17 Pass-through attenuation 15 PayTV 35, 42 PBX 22 Phase coupler 23, 30 Phases 23 Pixeling 39 Power surge filter 40 Powerline 23 Projects 33 Quarantine island 32 Questioning 34 Radio interference suppression filter 30 Repeater 16 Repeater circuit 28

56 Residual current device 30, 31 Reverse path combiner 13 RF interference sources 31 Rollout 43 RST 23 Sat head-end tree network 7 Satellite head-end 35 Segment isolation 30 Sinks 32 Site survey 35 Soft facts 41 Software 45 Spanning-tree error 27 Splitter 20 Standard definition 49 Stop-band attenuation 16 Streaming 48 Sub-distribution 27 Support 44 TCP 46 Telephone system 22 Terminal equipment 40 Terrestrial input 6 Twisted pair 20 Two-wire lines 20 UDP 46 Untwisted pair 20 VLC 48 Wire pair 20