AmScope SM-4 Series Operator's Manual

SM-4 Series Stereo Microscope

AmScope Proprietary Page 2 of 37 Copyright © 2015 United Scope Inc. DBA AmScope. All rights reserved. Copyright Notice This document, which is in draft form and subject to change without notice, is an unpublished work containing confidential, trade secret information that is proprietary to AmScope, and is protected by laws pertaining to such materials. This document, the information in this document and all rights thereto are the sole and exclusive property of AmScope and are not to be copied, used or disclosed to anyone, in whole or in part, without the express written permission of AmScope. AmScope assumes no liability for any damages incurred, directly or indirectly, from any errors, omissions or discrepancies between the use of this microscope and the information contained in this document. AmScope Purchasing: 949-333-0001 or 1-888-950-2888 FREE (toll free) Customer Service: 949-333-0002 Technical Support: 949-333-0004 Shipping: 949-333-0005 Accounting: 949-333-0008 Fax: 949-333-0007

AmScope Proprietary Page 3 of 37 Contents BEFORE USE ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Precautions ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. MICROSCOPE PARTS ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2-1 Unpack ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2-2 Assemble ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Setting up the Specimen .................................................................................................................12 2.4 Focusing .........................................................................................................................................13 2.5 Attaching a Camera .......................................................................................................................17 2.6 Adjusting Focus Tension ................................................................................................................18 2.7 Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................19 3. SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................................................................................20 3.1 General Model Specifications ........................................................................................................20 4. PARAMETERS .........................................................................................................................................21 4.1 Electrical System ............................................................................................................................21 4.2 Eyetube Parameters .......................................................................................................................21 4.3 Objective Lens Parameters ............................................................................................................21 5. RECOMMENDED ACCESSORIES ..............................................................................................................22 5.1 Eyepieces .......................................................................................................................................22 5.2 Barlow Lenses ................................................................................................................................22 5.3 Cameras and Accessories ..............................................................................................................23 5.4 Stands .............................................................................................................................................24 5.5 Ring Lights and Illuminators .........................................................................................................25 5.6 Darkfield Condensers ....................................................................................................................25 6. TROUBLESHOOTING ...............................................................................................................................26 6.1 Optical Issues .................................................................................................................................26 6.2 Mechanical Issues ..........................................................................................................................27 6.3 Electrical Issues .............................................................................................................................27 7. GENERAL MICROSCOPY GUIDE..............................................................................................................28

AmScope Proprietary Page 4 of 37 Before Use Introduction Congratulations on the purchase of your new AmScope Microscope! This manual is designed for the SM-4 series microscopes (SM-4B, SM-4T, and all their variants). The two base models of this series differ in that the -B models are binocular (two eyepiece ocular tubes), while the -T models are Trinocular (two eyepiece ocular tubes with a third port on top for a microscope camera). Please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the features and functions of your new microscope. If you want more information on microscope, parts, and accessories, please visit our website at: www.AmScope.com We recommend that you study this manual thoroughly before operating the microscope and that you keep it on hand for future reference. If you have additional questions or need assistance, please send us an email at: [email protected] Please include the microscope model number in your email so that we can identify your model and provide immediate help. Precautions 1. As the microscope is a precision instrument, always handle it with care, avoiding impact or abrupt movement during transportation. Do not shake the package. 2. Do not place the microscope in direct sunlight or in high heat. Keep it indoors in a dry and clean place with temperatures between 32°-100° F (0°-40°C), maximum relative humidity: 85% 3. Avoid touching the lenses on the objective and the eyepiece so that oil and dirt from your fingerprints do not obstruct your view. 4. Before turning the power on, make sure that the power supply voltage is consistent with the voltage of your microscope.

AmScope Proprietary Page 5 of 37 1. Microscope Parts Stereo Microscope (Don’t have a good enough photo with a white background for the graphic.)

AmScope Proprietary Page 6 of 37 2. Operation 2-1 Unpack a) Very carefully slide the Styrofoam container out of the cardboard carton. b) Lay the Styrofoam container on its side. Make sure the side labeled up is up. There are two vertical arrows on the box for direction. c) Remove the tape. d) Carefully open the Styrofoam container, avoid dropping and damaging the optical items. e) Check the packing list to ensure that all parts and accessories are intact. Please note that the packing list can vary depending on which model you‟ve purchased. Packing lists are generally listed on www.amscope.com on the microscope‟s details section for your specific model. 2-2 Assemble Remove the microscope from the box and remove the plastic protective covering. The body of the microscope is composed of (from bottom arrow to top) the base and pillar that comes with your unit, the focusing rack, and the head lock screw. Attach the vertical pillar to the base, the double arm boom stand to the vertical pillar (securing it with the protective collar and the lock lever).

AmScope Proprietary Page 7 of 37 2.2.1 Assemble the Boom Stand 1. Insert the pillar into the base stand. 2. Screw in the pillar very securely. 3. The knob on the pillar adjusts the vertical movement of the arm. Loosen the knob on the protective collar to move the collar up and down. 4. Adjust the collar to a medium height for installation. 5. Tighten the knob to secure.

AmScope Proprietary Page 8 of 37 6. There is a large hole in the sliding section of the arm. Slide the arm onto the pillar through the hole. The knob should be closer to the bottom than the top. 7. The knob on the arm controls the horizontal movement of the arm. It swings around 360°. Loosen the knob to adjust. Tighten the knob to secure. 8. The lever on the arm controls the horizontal movement of the arm along the boom. Loosen the knob to adjust. Tighten the knob to secure. 2.2.2 Assemble the Focusing Rack 1. Remove the focusing rack pillar from the box. 2. Remove the lock knob.

AmScope Proprietary Page 9 of 37 3. Put the focusing rack pillar into the horizontal rack. 4. Unscrew and remove the ridged screw cap from the focusing rack pillar. 5. Slide the focusing rack up the focusing rack pillar to the top. 6. Screw the ridged cap back on the focusing rack pillar to secure. Make sure to tighten securely. 7. The knob on the back of the focusing rack controls the horizontal movement of the focusing rack. Loosen the knob to adjust. Tighten the knob to secure.

AmScope Proprietary Page 10 of 37 8. There is a hole on the focusing rack near the connection to the arm. The hole is for a lever to control the vertical circular movement of the focusing rack. To install the lever, find the two small bolts and lever from the package. 9. Look for the ridge on the side of the bolt and insert the bolts into the holes so the ridges fit over the screws in the hole. 10. Put your hand on the bolt on the far side so it doesn‟t pop out and screw the lever into the bolts. Loosen the lever to adjust. Tighten the lever to secure. 11. Put the microscope head into the focusing rack and tighten the head lock screw.

AmScope Proprietary Page 11 of 37 2.2.3 Inserting Eyepieces 1. Remove the eyetube caps. 2. Place the desired eyepieces into the empty eye/ocular tubes. 3. Be sure to avoid touching the lenses. 2.2.4 Removing the Objective Lens Housing Cap Remove the cap from the objective lens housing. Be careful just to unscrew the cap at the bottom. Do not unscrew the objective lens housing.

AmScope Proprietary Page 12 of 37 2.2.6 Attaching a Ring Light (Optional Accessory) Ring lights are a recommended accessory and are purchased separately. 1. Loosen the screws on the ring light. The ring light may be black or white depending on the model. 1. Screw the ring light adapter into the bottom of the objective lens housing. 2. Adjust the screws on the ring light. 3. Securely mount the ring light onto the adapter. 4. Turn it on and adjust the light. 2.3 Setting up the Specimen Place the specimen on a flat surface beneath the head of the microscope.

AmScope Proprietary Page 13 of 37 2.4 Focusing AmScope‟s SM series microscopes have continuous zoom magnification power allowing you to change magnification through a range, instead of at fixed stops. 2.4.1 Adjusting the Focusing Rack, Coarsely. Loosen the lock-screw located behind the pillar stand. Move the entire focusing rack down as far as possible. Move the rack back up until the working distance is roughly 4”. Working Distance is the term for the distance between the bottom of the objective lens and the top of the specimen. Tighten the focusing rack lock knob to fix the final position. 2.4.2 Adjusting the Focusing Rack, Finely. When first using the microscope, remove any Barlow lens. Adjust the magnification knob to the lowest setting (0.7X) Move the microscope‟s focusing knobs to adjust the height of the unit until at approximately 4 inches (101mm) away from the specimen. This should bring the microscope in focus at 7x. 2.4.3 Parfocal Under the diopter on the eyetube, there is a silver ring. The diopter must be set to just above the ring, so the image will remain in focus for the entire magnification range. So, if you adjust the diopters properly, you will stay more in focus when you add a camera or switch objective lenses.

AmScope Proprietary Page 14 of 37 2.4.4 Focus Each Eye Individually Focus each eye separately to accommodate individual vision, you should not need your glasses when using the microscope. Some models have diopters on both eyepieces. Some models have a diopter on only one eyepiece. If you only have one diopter, focus the eyepiece with the diopter second. If you have diopters on both eyepieces, the order doesn‟t matter. Adjust the first eyepiece with the focusing knobs and the second with the diopter. Then you can adjust the diopter on the first eyepiece, if necessary. 1. Look with one eye through the eyepiece without the diopter. Or, if you have two diopters, select either eyepiece. 2. Close your other eye. 3. Focus the image using the focusing knobs. Focus with the diopter. 1. Close the first eye. Open the other one. 2. Look with the second eye through the eyepiece with the diopter. 3. Turn the diopter until the image is clear. Do not turn the focusing knob when you are adjusting the diopter or you will have difficulty focusing properly.

AmScope Proprietary Page 15 of 37 2.4.5 Focusing the distance between your eyes. (The interpupillary distance, the distance between your eye pupils.) With both eyes open, look into the eyepieces. Adjust the interpupillary distance by holding the eyetubes and rotating the tubes either towards or away from each other until only one circle of light is seen by both eyes. 2.4.6 Using a Barlow Lens. The SM-4 series microscopes have a standard working distance of 4” (101.6mm). Barlow lenses increase or decrease working distance and magnification to achieve the desired field of view. These lenses screw directly onto the objective lens housing. The SM series microscopes have two standard Barlow Lens options, the 0.5X and the 2.0X. The 0.5X Barlow Lens will cut magnification in half, down to a minimum of 2.0X. The 0.5X Barlow Lens can have a maximum working distance of 7 inches (177.8mm). The 2.0X Barlow Lens doubles magnification and cuts the working distance down to 1.5 inches (38.1mm). In practical terms, if you are looking at a coin, you might see the entire coin with a 0.5X Barlow Lens and a small section of the coin and great detail with the 2.0X Barlow Lens.

AmScope Proprietary Page 16 of 37 To install a Barlow Lens, first remove the adapter and light ring from the bottom of the objective lens housing, if you are using a ring light. Screw a Barlow Lens into the bottom of the objective lens housing. If you are using a ring light and the 0.5 Barlow Lens, screw the light ring adapter into the Barlow Lens and the ring light into the adapter. The decreased magnification requires a greater working distance, so you will need to raise the focusing rack. If you are using a ring light and the 2.0 Barlow Lens, the mounting adapter for the ring light is built into the lens, so the ring light adapter isn‟t needed. The increased magnification requires a shorter working distance, so you will need to lower the focusing rack.

AmScope Proprietary Page 17 of 37 2.5 Attaching a Camera 2.5.1 Binocular Head 1. Remove the eyepiece from the microscope head. 2. Place the 30mm adapter into the eyetube. 3. Place the camera into the adapter and eyetube. 4. Plug one end of the cord into the camera and the USB end into your computer. 5. Open up your AmScope Digital Camera Solution software on your computer and let it connect to your microscope. 2.5.2 Trinocular Head The AmScope SM-4T models are uniquely designed so that you can view the image through the eyepieces and the trinocular port without removing the camera or using your eyepiece, turning the microscope into a digital microscope. This feature allows the images through the microscope‟s eyepieces, and those displayed on your computer screen or television be viewed at the same time (you may have a different field of view between the camera and the eyepieces). Our photo port is a 23mm size. Remove the photo port cap from the top of the trinocular port. Pull the trinocular shutter control lever. This lever changes the view from the trinocular port to the left eyetube. Pull it out for trinocular viewing, push it in for binocular viewing. Do not turn or unscrew the lever, as that will remove it, just push or pull.

AmScope Proprietary Page 18 of 37 1. Place the camera directly into the trinocular port. 2. Plug one end of the cord into the camera and the USB end into your computer. 3. To focus through the trinocular port, turn middle portion of the tube. 4. Open up your AmScope Digital Camera Solution software on your computer and let it connect to your microscope. To focus through the trinocular port (simul-focal models only), simply turn middle portion of the tube, after focusing the eyepieces. If you have difficultly focusing them at the same time, adjust the diopter as described in section 2.4.4. 2.6 Adjusting Focus Tension To adjust the tension of the focusing knobs, look for the focusing knob marked “Tension”. Find the matching focusing knob on the other side of the focusing rack. Always turn the focusing knobs in opposite directions. If you are turning one clockwise, turn the other one counterclockwise. To tighten tension, turn the focusing knob marked tension clockwise and the other focusing knob counterclockwise. To loosen tension, turn the focusing knob marked tension counterclockwise and the other focusing knob clockwise. Be careful not to loosen the tension too much or the focusing rack will not stay in place. Make sure the tension is tight enough to support the head and any accessories you may add.

AmScope Proprietary Page 19 of 37 2.7 Maintenance 2.7.1 No Sun/Heat Do not place the microscope in direct sunlight or in high heat. Keep the microscope indoors in a dry and clean place with temperatures between 32°-100° F (0°-40°C), maximum relative humidity: 85%. 2.7.2 No Dust Always keep the microscope covered by the dust cover when not in use. The glass will attract dust, obscuring your view. Make sure to keep it in a dry and clean place in order to prevent rust. 2.7.3 Keep Glass Clean All glass surfaces must always be kept clean. Oil and dirt from your fingerprints will obstruct your view. Fine dust on the optical surface should be blown off using a hand blower or gently wiped off with a soft lens tissue. 2.7.4 Use an optical lens cleaner Carefully wipe off oil or fingerprints on lens surfaces using a tissue moistened with a small amount of 3:7 alcohol to ether mixture. 2.7.5 Do not use lens cleaner on the non-glass parts of the microscope. Do not use the optical lens cleaning solution to wipe the surfaces of the other components of the microscope. All other parts, especially those made of plastic, should be cleaned with a mild detergent. 2.7.6 Do not touch the glass. Avoid touching the lenses on the objective and the eyepiece. 2.7.7 Do not take apart the microscope. Do not assemble or disassemble the microscope‟s electrical components yourself.

AmScope Proprietary Page 20 of 37 3. Specifications 3.1 General Model Specifications  Head: 45 degree inclined 360 degree swiveling Trinocular  Eyepieces: 30mm super widefield high-eyepoint WF10X/20  Objective: 0.7-4.5X  Zoom Range: 6.5:1  Maximum Field of View: 1-1/4" (33mm)  Minimum Field of View: 3/16" (4.75mm)  Diopter Adjustment: +/-5dp  Interpupillary Distance: 2-3/16" - 2-15/16"(55-75mm)  Working Distance: 4" (100mm)  Boom Stand: 20" double-arm (overall length: 30"), 17" high pillar, 10- 1/4"x8-1/4"x2-0" solid cast steel base

AmScope Proprietary Page 21 of 37 4. Parameters 4.1 Electrical System The florescent ring lights are wide range and operate at 110V/220V. The LED ring lights are also wide range and operate at 110-240V, 50- 60HZ, auto switching. 4.2 Eyetube Parameters 1. Diopter adjustment: ±5 dp 2. Interpupillary adjustment: 55-75mm. 4.3 Objective Lens Parameters 1. 7X-45X continuous zoom magnification power. 2. Zoom Range: 6.5:1

AmScope Proprietary Page 22 of 37 5. Recommended Accessories (Purchase separately. Please visit www.amscope.com and search with SKU #, for more information.) 5.1 Eyepieces 20X Eyepieces 25X Eyepieces SKU: EP20X30 SKU: EP25X30 10X w/ Pointer 10X w/ Reticle SKU: EP10X30P SKU: EP10X30R 5.2 Barlow Lenses 0.5X Barlow Lens 2.0X Barlow Lens SKU: SM05 SKU: SM20

AmScope Proprietary Page 23 of 37 5.3 Cameras and Accessories Cameras (USB2.0) To capture images, video, or view live display on a computer (PC/Mac OS X). Real-Time Live Video Microscope Digital Camera, Reduction Lens, High Sensitivity Sensor and Deluxe Calibration Kit. 350K Pixel 1.3 Mega Pixel 3 Mega Pixel 5 Mega Pixel 8 Mega Pixel 9 Mega Pixel 10 Mega Pixel 14 Mega Pixel SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: MU035 MU130 MU300 MU500 MU800 MU900 MU1000 MU1400 High Speed Cameras (USB3.0) 3 Mega Pixel 5 Mega Pixel 10 Mega Pixel 14 Mega Pixel SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: MU303 MU503 MU1003 MU1403 Calibration Micrometer Calibrate the camera software for on-screen measurements. SKU: MR400 Charge-Coupled Device Television CCD Digital (VGA, Trinocular Only) CCD TV/Video (Trinocular Only) 1920x1080 Full HD HDMI (Trinocular Only) SKU: CCD-MT SKU: CCD-NP SKU: HD1080

AmScope Proprietary Page 24 of 37 5.4 Stands Single Arm Double Arm Ball Bearing SKU: SAW SKU: DAW SKU: BBB Articulating Arm w/ Clamp Articulating Arm w/ Stand Articulating Stand w/ Post Clamp SKU: ASC SKU: ASB SKU: APC Super Large Flat Stand Dual LED Pillar Stand Dual LED Track Stand SKU: TS100-FR SKU: TS130-LED SKU: TS130R-LED

AmScope Proprietary Page 25 of 37 5.5 Ring Lights and Illuminators 56 LED Ring Light 144 LED Ring Light 144 LED Ring Light SKU: LED-56S SKU: LED-144A SKU: LED-144S Fiber Optic Ring Illuminator Fiber Optic Gooseneck Illuminator Fiber Optic Illuminators SKU: HL250-AR SKU: HL250-AY SKU: HL250-BOYS 20W LED Fiber Optic Illuminator 30W LED Fiber Optic Illuminator 50W LED Fiber Optic Illuminator SKU:LED-20WYR SKU:LED-30WYR SKU:LED-50WYR 5.6 Darkfield Condensers Darkfield Condenser Darkfield Condenser with Iris SKU: DK-S SKU: DK-SI (Included with all –DK models)

AmScope Proprietary Page 26 of 37 6. Troubleshooting 6.1 Optical Issues SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY OPTICAL ISSUES Obstructions are observed in the field of view Stains, dust, or dirt has accumulated on the specimen. Clean the slide or use a new specimen if sample is destroyed. Stains, dust, or dirt have accumulated on the lenses. Clean the objective and eyepiece lenses. Unclear Image Stain or dust has accumulated on the lens in the inlet of the head. Clean the lens with lens cleaner or a nonabrasive lint free cloth, as well as spray with compressed air. The microscope head is not in the right position to be focused. Adjust the height of the microscope with the focusing knob on the focusing rack until image appears in focus. Note: Higher magnification will require the head to move closer, while lower will require more distance between the sample and the lens. One side of the field of view is dark or the image moves while focusing The specimen is not fixed. Secure the slide to the stage with clips or another manner so that the sample does not move. The field of view is not bright enough The light source is not present. A light source must be used with this model micro-scope to view a sample (ring light, built in illuminator, or gooseneck illuminator). The light source is too dim. The light source used is not bright enough, or is set at to too low an intensity setting. Adjust setting to a higher or change light sources. Stains, dust, or dirt has accumulated on the con- denser, objective, eyepieces, or base lens. Thoroughly clean all lenses with lens cleaner or a lint free nonabrasive cloth.

AmScope Proprietary Page 27 of 37 6.2 Mechanical Issues SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY MECHANICAL ISSUES Focus knob does not turn The tension knob is too tight. Loosen it by adjusting the tension by grabbing both knobs on the focusing rack and twisting them in opposite directions. Stage declines by itself The tension knob is too loose. Tighten it by adjusting the tension by grabbing both knobs on the focusing rack and twisting them in opposite directions. The focusing knob won’t raise/lower the head The focusing rack has reached the maximum travel distance in either direction. Move the focusing rack higher or lower on the pillar, if using a stand with a pillar. 6.3 Electrical Issues SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY ELECTRICAL ISSUES The bulb flickers. The bulb is close to burning out. Replace the bulb. The microscope does not light up. The microscope is unplugged. Check the power cable„s plug. The bulb is not inserted correctly. Insert it correctly. The bulb burned out. Replace the bulb. The bulb burns out frequently. The voltage is too high. Use correct power supply. Used wrong bulb. Replace w/correct bulb.

AmScope Proprietary Page 28 of 37 7. General Microscopy Guide Microscopes come in a wide variety of types with many different features. Each AmScope model is designed for specific uses and specific users. This guide will help illustrate what some of the different product variations mean and why they are useful. Compound and Stereo Microscopes The best choice to use a compound or a stereo microscope depends on the specimen being studied. Compound microscopes are best for smaller transparent specimens, like slides and biological subjects. Compound microscopes show a two- dimensional image of the specimen (usually reversed and upside-down) The common magnification range of our compound microscopes is between 40X- 1000X, could be up to 2500X. You need a minimum of 400X to study cell structure. Stereo microscopes are best for larger specimens you cannot see through. Stereo microscopes show a 3D image. Three dimensional imaging is perfect for performing dissections, repairing circuit boards, studying fossils and gems or examining any specimen where you want to use your hands. The magnification range of our stereo microscopes is between 2X to 225X.

AmScope Proprietary Page 29 of 37 Barlow Lens Barlow lenses screw onto the objective lens housing to either amplify or reduce the total magnification of the objective lens. The SM microscope has two options available--the 0.5x and the 2.0x. The 0.5x will cut magnification in half down to a minimum of 3.5x (and double working distance to approximately 8 inches or 203mm), while the 2.0x will double your magnification (but half the working distance, down to 3/32 of an inch or 2.4mm). Continuous Zoom/Fixed Power AmScope‟s objective lenses have either fixed power or continuous zoom objectives. Continuous zoom microscope head's have a dial to move through an entire range of zoom such as 0.7x-4.5x. To move through the magnification range you would adjust the dial accordingly. Fixed power objective lenses are pre-set at certain levels. Magnification is changed by twisting the objective lens housing. Fixed power objective lenses are more economically priced than continuous zoom microscopes and produce specific magnifications.

AmScope Proprietary Page 30 of 37 Darkfield Condenser Lens The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the specimen. A darkfield condenser can offer bright images against a dark background of otherwise difficult to view specimens. The darkfield condenser is popular for gem studies. Darkfield condenser lenses do not come standard with SM models unless they have “-DK” in the SKU number. Dimmers Controls the amount of light that escapes from the illumination source. You can control the top and bottom lights separately. The knobs are on the base. Diopter A small ring on one of the eyetubes, used to focus that ocular lens (eyepiece). When you are focusing a microscope, you focus one eye at a time. With one eye shut, you focus the objective lens first, using the focusing knobs. Then you focus the other eyepiece using the diopter ring. Eye Guards Eye Guards fit over the eyepieces, they are for comfort only.

AmScope Proprietary Page 31 of 37 Eyepieces Eyepieces are also called ocular lenses. Eyepieces come in many magnifications and you replace them by swapping them out of the eyetubes. The eyepieces magnify the specimen further from the first magnification through the objective lens. Each eyepiece is marked with 2 numbers. The first number is the magnification and the second is the field of view. For example, an eyepiece marked WF10/20 has a magnification of 10X and a field of view of 20mm. Eyetubes Eyetubes are also called ocular tubes. Eyetubes house the eyepieces and camera adapters. You change eyepeices by removing them from the eyetubes. Field of View and Working Distance Field of view is how much of the specimen you can see through the eyepiece. The linear field of view of the eyepiece is divided by the magnification of the objective. The higher the magnification, the smaller the field of view. Working distance is the distance between the bottom of the objective lens and the stage. You change the working distance when you use the focusing knob. Together, working distance and field of view determine how much of the specimen you see and how closely.

AmScope Proprietary Page 32 of 37 Focusing Knobs The focusing knobs focus the objective lens by changing the distance between the objective lens and the stage. When you are focusing a microscope, you focus one eye at a time. With one eye shut, you focus the objective lens first, using the focusing knobs. Gooseneck Illuminator Illuminator independent of the unit that allows movement of one or two necks for controlled lighting. Head Lock Screw The lock screw allows you to adjust the focusing rack. Loosening the screw allows you to move the microscope head up and down. Tightening the screw locks it into place. Please note that although there are three holes, there is only one screw.

AmScope Proprietary Page 33 of 37 Head Types Monocular Monocular microscope heads have one eyepiece. Binocular Binocular microscope heads have two eyepieces. Trinocular Trinocular microscope heads have two eyepieces and a photo port for a camera. This allows you to look at a specimen with a camera without removing an eyepiece. Multi-head Multi head microscopes are specially designed for three-person observation. Ideal for teaching and/or training purposes. It has a binocular head and two monocular heads. Simul-Focal Simul-Focal heads mitigate the amount of re-focusing needed when you change your view from the eyepieces to the monitor. Perfect for lectures, teaching demonstrations, clinical examinations and laboratory applications.

AmScope Proprietary Page 34 of 37 Lenses Microscopes have a two lens system, objective and ocular. Objective Lens Ocular Lens (Eyepiece) The Objective Lens is the lens closest to the specimen or object. The Ocular Lenses (Eyepieces) are the lenses closest to the eye. Light Bulbs-Caution 1. Turn off the microscope when not in use to preserve the life of the bulb. 2. Never touch a light bulb directly, especially when it‟s turned on. a. The light bulbs can get hot enough to burn skin. Wait until the bulb has cooled completely before handling it. b. The oil from your skin will create a hot spot on the bulb which will damage the glass, dramatically shortening the life of the bulb. c. When changing light bulbs cover skin with cloth or paper to handle the bulb. This will protect both you and the bulb. 3. Hot bulbs will not damage the microscope. AmScope‟s microscopes are designed specifically to handle the heat output of the model‟s bulb. Lighting Top Light Bottom Light Use the top light for solid specimens. Top lights shine down and reflect off specimens. Use the bottom light for opaque specimens. Bottom lights shine up through translucent specimens.

AmScope Proprietary Page 35 of 37 Lighting-Types Tungsten Tungsten light bulbs are the most economical, providing a reliable source of light. They burn hotter than the other bulbs, but are the best option for certain microscopes. Fluorescent Fluorescent bulbs burn cooler and brighter than tungsten bulbs. The bulbs are more expensive than tungsten, but last longer. LED LED light bulbs burn the coolest of all the bulbs and last the longest. The bulbs are also the most expensive. Depending on use, LED lights should last about 40,000 hours. Halogen Halogen light bulbs produce the most amount of light. The light is very white and concentrated; the bulbs can get very hot and must be cooled regularly. Depending on use, halogen light bulbs can last anywhere from 1 week to 6 months. Fiber Optic Fiber optical lighting uses a system of flexible transparent fibers made of plastic or glass. The light is transmitted between the two ends of the fiber, allowing for greater illumination in confined spaces. Magnification Microscopes have a two lens system. Total Magnification is the power of two lenses multiplied together. E.g.: (10x Eyepieces) x (4x Objective) = 40x Total Magnification

AmScope Proprietary Page 36 of 37 Stage This is the flat platform on top of the base that holds the stage plate. Stage Clips The stage clips hold the specimen in place. Not necessary for all specimens. Stage Plates Stage plates fit into the opening in the stage. Use the frosted glass stage plate with the bottom light for transparent specimens. Use the B/W stage plate with the top light for solid specimens, the black side is for light specimens and the white side is for dark specimens. Frosted Glass White Side Black Side of B/W Stage Plate of B/W Stage Plate

AmScope Proprietary Page 37 of 37 Stands Arm/Track Stand Pillar Stand Boom Stand Table Stand A microscope stand is the physical connector between the microscope body and the base. The main types are arm/track, pillar, boom and table stands. Top Light Lamp A top light illuminator that attaches directly to the top of the focusing rack pole. Adjust the light intensity with the dimmer knob on the base. Trinocular Port A trinocular microscope has three viewing ports. There are two eyepieces and a third 23mm port for photography and video.